Slippage Rate Research Articles

Semmes Weinstein Monofilaments Versus Weinstein Enhanced Monofilaments: Their Use in the Hand Clinic

The frequency of testing pressure threshold, the time consumed for testing, and the slippage rate using the original Semmes Weinstein monofilaments and the enhanced monofilaments (west) in the hand clinic are studied. A modified technique of using the west device is also described. It is concluded that west has several advantages and will likely encourage hand surgeons to perform pressure threshold testing more frequently in the clinic.

Condom Breakage and Slippage Among Men in the United States

Data on condom breakage and slippage from a nationally representative survey show that the average condom breakage rate experienced by 20-39-year-old men who have used a condom in the preceding six months was 2.7%, and that 1.9% of all condoms used during that time broke. Comparable condom slippage rates are 2.7% and 2.0%, respectively. Condom breakage and slippage appear to be 4-5 times higher among black men than among men of other races. Levels of breakage and slippage are also elevated among low-income men and those who used condoms relatively infrequently in the six months before the survey. The data also indicate that men who engage in high-risk sexual behavior, such as having multiple partners and engaging in anal intercourse, are more likely to experience condom breakage and slippage.

水稲の不耕起田植栽培に関する研究 第１報 土壌硬度と田植機の作業性能について

In this study, changes in the hardness of soil in paddy fields over time and working efficiencies of rice transplanting using the non-tillage transplanting machine were investigated.The main results obtained were as follows:1) The hardness of soil after irrigation were gradually softened over time, but the hardness of soil in some fields did not get soft so quickly as others. So, irrigation for the nontillage transplanting field should be done before the tenth day of transplanting time.2) The efficiency of the non-tillage transplanting machine were much affected by the hardness of soil. The rate of seedling floating and the rate of miss planting of seedlings increased in the harder soil field more than 0.70MPa. The machine showed good run and less slippage rate in the non-tillage field.

Steady-state rate-based modelling for CO2/amine absorption—desorption systems

A rigorous rate-based steady-state model of an absorber/desorber unit for the removal of CO2 by amine solutions was developed. The model, which essentially contains no empirically assigned parameters, is based on a ‘mixing cell’ approach and considers both interphase heat and mass transfer along with simultaneous chemical reaction rates. This deterministic model, which simulates tray and packed columns at steady state, has been validated using the data of two commercial monoethanolamine (MEA) plants. For tray columns, each tray was considered to be a mixing cell, while for packed columns, the required dispersion was provided by choosing a finite number of mixing cells. For a specified CO2 slippage rate, the effects of certain operating parameters, such as type and total concentration of amine employed, flow rate and composition of entering gas, on solution circulation rate and reboiler duty can be conveniently predicted.

Effect of signal transition variation on bit synchronizer performance

The effect of the signal transition variation, due to the signal transition density, data asymmetry, and sinusoidal modulation, on the performance of the data transition tracking loop (DTTL) symbol synchronizer is addressed. These factors will affect the DTTL performance, such as the clock jitter and the cycle slippage rate, and unnecessary system loss may result if the system parameters are not well selected. Given the background of C. S. Tsang and W. C. Lindsey (1986), this result can serve as an engineering design guideline for the DTTL in the context of the signal transition variation. >

Slippage synthesis of simple sequence DNA

The analysis of slippage synthesis of simple sequence DNA in vitro sheds some light on the question of how simple sequences arise in vivo. We show that it is possible to synthesize all types of repetitious di- and trinucleotide motifs starting from short primers and a polymerase in vitro. The rate of this synthesis depends on a sequence specific slippage rate, but is independent of the length of the fragments being synthesized. This indicates that only the ends of the DNA fragments are involved in determining this rate and that slippage is accordingly a short range effect. Slippage synthesis occurs also on a fixed template where only one strand is free to move, a situation which resembles chromosome replication in vivo. It seems therefore likely that slippage during replication is the cause of the observed length polymorphism of simple sequence stretches between individuals of a population.

Timing of laser pulses produced by combined passive and active mode-locking†

The equations of combined active and passive mode-locking are solved approximately in the limit when the saturable absorber determines the width of the pulse, and the active modulator the timing. An equation identical with the Adler equation of oscillator phase locking is obtained for the phase of the pulse with respect to the active modulation. In the case of synchronization between the mode-locked pulse-train and the active modulation (time independent solution), the phase of the pulse with respect to the modulation maximum is determined as a function of detuning and modulation (depth. Beyond a critical detuning of the round-trip time Tn from the modulation period TM, synchronisation ceases and the pulses' slip through ' the active modulation with a phase that has a periodic variation superimposed on the uniform slippage rate. Finally, we investigate the effect of noise on the pulse timing. The spectrum of the pulse phase is the same as the spectrum of the phase of an injection-locked single-mode oscill...

Determination of the slippage rate for a binary mixture of gases

The problem of determining the slippage rate for a binary mixture of gases is considered on the basis of the linearized model equations of Hamel. It is shown that in a certain case the equations can be reduced to equations that are analogous to those applying to a one-component gas. We consider the flow of a gas mixture next to a plane wall in the absence of external forces. At distances from the wall exceeding the length of the mean free path of a molecule the Navier-Stokes equations for the mixture are valid. In the layer next to the wall, whose thickness is of the order of the mean free path of a molecule, it is necessary to solve the Boltzmann equation and to match the solutions at the boundary of the external and internal regions. As a result, the description of the flow in the Knudsen layer and the boundary conditions for the Navier-Stokes equations are obtained. This problem was first formulated for a single-component gas by Velander [1]. Yu. I. Yalamov, I. N. Ivchenko, and B. V. Deryagin [2]* have determined the slippage rate for a binary mixture in the case where the density of one of the gases is considerably less than that of the other. The temperature was assumed to be constant throughout the entire flow region. Krukov-type model equations were used as the original kinetic equations. Darrozes [3] considered the problem of determining the slippage rate for a binary mixture from the point of view of a sequential application of the method of asymptotic expansion for the Boltzmann equation, but he did not carry the process to a finish.

Irregular Flow Behaviors of Polymer Melts

It is the object of the present study to inquire experimentally into the irregular flow behaviors of polymer melts in short capillary passages. The polymers tested are polyethylenes of high density, and three kinds of experimental methods, such as the flow property test by using KÔKA-type flow tester, the observation on flow patterns in a reservoir or on extrudates by using a test piece with flow marker of carbon black, and observation on the fringe patterns at the capillary inlet or in the capillary passage by using polarized light were used.The results obtained are as follows;(1) Four kinds of the types of extrudates, such as normal flow, spiraling flow, melt fracture flow and solid state fracture flow induced by the pressure were observed.(2) The polarizing fringe at the capillary inlet is similar to a horse's hoof in shape in the normal flow region, and the number of fringes is directly proportional to the amount of apparent shear rate at the capillary wall.(3) The polarizing fringe under spiraling or in the melt fracture flow regions has an unsteadly special shape, such as twisting or pulsation, and it seems reasonable that twisting of the polarizing fringe is induced by a small slippage or lecal high shear rate at or near the capillary inlet and causes the extrudate to flow spiraling. The pulsation of polarizing fringe is induced by the large slip or high shear rate which is generated on an inversed conical surface with a vertex angle about 30 degree in a reservoir and causes the extrudate to augment the melt fracture.

Rupture mechanics on the Hayward Fault

The Hayward fault is a right‐lateral, strikeslip fracture in the crust to the east of San Francisco Bay. Its earthquake history shows activity for the last 130 years; in 1836 and 1868, large damaging earthquakes were accompanied by surface rupture along the fault. At Berkeley, an intensive special study of the mechanics of the fault is possible. A mining adit exposes the gouge clay of the shear zone. Differential displacement of a culvert across the fault, measured continuously since 1965, shows a slippage rate of 2.5 mm per year over all with a definite pattern of seasonal fluctuations. The monitoring of small local earthquakes shows an average of 3 to 5 per year (2<M<3) within 10 km of Berkeley; focal depths are quite shallow with a few as great as 10 km.