Slimming Products Research Articles

Sensitive Detection of Sibutramine and Fluoxetine Adulteration in Herbal Slimming Products by Means of Using Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction Combined with HPLC–DAD

Sensitive Detection of Sibutramine and Fluoxetine Adulteration in Herbal Slimming Products by Means of Using Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction Combined with HPLC–DAD

Pertanggungjawaban Marketplace Shopee Terhadap Peredaran Obat Pelangsing Tanpa Izin Edar Perspektif Fatwa DSN-MUI Nomor 146 Tahun 2021 Tentang Online Shop Berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah

This research evaluates Shopee's responsibility regarding the circulation of unauthorized slimming drugs, focusing on the perspective of the Indonesian Council of Ulama (MUI) Fatwa Number 146 of 2021 on Online Shops. In the context of the circulation of illegal drugs, Shopee face challenges in quality control and product safety on its platform. It was found that the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM) discovered thousands of illegal drug packages on Shopee, raising questions about the effectiveness of preventive measures and the accountability of the Shopee marketplace from the perspective of MUI Fatwa Number 146 of 2021. Using a normative juridical approach, this study employs the statutes approach, conceptual approach, and comparative analysis to assess Shopee's compliance with Sharia principles in the context of online buying and selling. The research results indicate that Shopee has adhered to the principles of the fatwa, involving a firm contractual process, prohibition of actions contrary to Sharia principles, and the removal of illegal content. The importance of collaboration between marketplaces and health authorities, such as BPOM, is also recognized to enhance control and consumer protection regarding illegal slimming drug products

Establishment of high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array method for 43 weight loss agents and effect of basic environment on bisacodyl degradation.

The demand for weight loss products is increasing as slimness emerges as the new aesthetic standard and people's desire to achieve it increases. In addition, the distribution and sale of products containing illegal ingredients, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals for which safety is not guaranteed and that cannot be used as foods or dietary supplements are increasing. Thus, the development of an analytical method that could monitor these illegal products is required. A high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array method capable of rapid and reliable qualitative and quantitative analyses of 43 weight loss agents was established and validated. The process involved dividing analytes into three groups for rapid analysis; when bisacodyl was mixed with chlorocyclopentylsibutramine, it decomposed into its metabolites: monoacetyl bisacodyl and bis-(p-hydroxypheny)-pyridyl-2-methane. This decomposition was due to NaOH that was used to prepare the chlorocyclopentylsibutramine standard solution. Bisacodyl did not degrade when mixed with neutralized chlorocyclopentylsibutramine, whereas when NaOH was added, it rapidly degraded. We identified the bisacodyl degradation products using liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Orbitrap/mass spectrometry. MS2 spectra with proposed structures of fragment peaks were also obtained. The developed method could be used to regulate slimming products that threaten public health, and knowledge of bisacodyl degradation will be used as the basis for developing an analytic method.

The Levels of Satisfaction Consumer Herbal Slim Product: An Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) Approach

Marketing activities on slimming herbal products have not been optimized. The condition of intense competition and the lack of purchasing power of products, shows that consumers are increasingly selective in determining product choices. This study aims to (1) analyze the level of importance and performance of slimming herbal product attributes and (2) measure the level of satisfaction of slimming herbal products. This research was conducted from January to July 2023. Location determination was carried out by purposive sampling and a total of 30 respondents were determined by convenience sampling. The data collection technique was carried out by filling out questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method in 4 quadrants, with the x-axis stating performance and the y-axis describing importance. describes importance. While the calculation of Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) calculations are used to determine customer satisfaction criteria. The results of the study obtained the level of performance and importance that require improvement, namely in quadrant I (high level of importance with low performance) and quadrant III (low level of importance with low performance),, while the attributes that need improvement are price and promotion. The results of level customer satisfaction shows 83.6% in the criteria very satisfied.

INVESTIGATION OF HERBAL MEDICINE IDENTIFIED SIBUTRAMINE HCL THROUGH ANALYSIS OF THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY AND UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY METHODS

The use of chemical drugs in traditional medicine preparations is prohibited. Even so, there are still herbal products on the market that contain chemicals (BKO). This study aims to analyze the presence of sibutramine HCl in various herbal slimming products circulating in Medan City. The Thin Layer Chromatography method was used for qualitative analysis and the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method for quantitative analysis, which was validated beforehand. The validation parameters used are linearity, precision, accuracy, LOD, and LOQ. The results of the research obtained levels of herbal medicine samples A, B, and C, which were 9.47 mcg/ml, 10.42 mcg/ml, 9.37 mcg/ml respectively, and thin layer chromatography (TLC) 0.41, 0.2, and 0.51. Analytical validation, including linearity testing 0.9953, accuracy of 94.91%, precision SD 0.001, 0.0004, 0.0036 RSD 0.3086%, 0.1253%, and 1.180%, LOD = 0.298088 and LOQ = 0.9936627. The results of the study indicate that several herbal slimming products circulating in Medan City contain sibutramine HCl.

Cross-relationship between COVID-19 infection and anti-obesity products efficacy and incidence of side effects: A cross-sectional study.

Obesity and COVID-19 are at the top of nowadays health concerns with significant crosstalk between each other. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected healthy lifestyles and increased obesity prevalence. Thus, there was a surge in anti-obesity products (AOPs) intake. Herein, we evaluated how the pandemic has affected slimming products' efficacy and safety in patients seeking weight reduction at an urban, weight management centre in Alexandria, Egypt. In addition, the effect of AOPs on COVID-19 infection severity was also appraised to detect whether AOPs can alter COVID-19 host cell entry and infective mechanisms, and thus, affect infection severity. Patients were invited to complete an anonymous survey. The survey assessed self-reported changes in weight, the use of AOPs during the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 infection severity, AOPs efficacy, and incidence of side effects. Inclusion criteria were obese patients above 18 years old who got infected by COVID-19 while receiving a single-ingredient AOP. A total of 462 participants completed our anonymous validated questionnaire. Most of the participants were females (450; 98.4%) with BMI ranging from 24.98-58.46. Eligible participants were only 234 and the top-administered products were orlistat, liraglutide, metformin, green tea, cinnamon, Garcinia cambogia, and Gymnema Sylvestre. In most cases, AOPs intake was beneficial for COVID-19 infection, and most patients experienced mild-to-moderate COVID-19 symptoms. On the other hand, SARS-CoV-2 significantly interferes with AOPs' mechanisms of action which positively or negatively influences their efficacy and side effects incidence due to predictable pharmacological link. Concurrent AOPs intake with COVID-19 infection is a two-sided weapon; AOPs attenuate COVID-19 infection, while SARS-CoV-2 interferes with efficacy and side effects incidence of AOPs.

Sosialisasi Pencegahan Diabetes Bersama Tropicana Slim Kepada Masyarakat Kelurahan Lateri, Kota Ambon

Diabetes is a non-communicable disease. Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world and is characterized by increased levels of glucose in the body. This metabolic disease occurs as a result of insufficient insulin secretion. Considering that every person has the right to have, to live a healthy, sustainable and prosperous life. The main target of this activity is the Lateri Village community. Socialization activities are carried out using 1 method, which is power point presentation of material. The specific objectives of implementing socialization to prevent diabetes with Tropicana Slim include increasing awareness of safe, healthy and sustainable living, as well as bringing positive changes in sustainable lifestyle behavior patterns by consuming Tropicana Slim products to stabilize sugar levels in the body.

Preclinical pharmacokinetics and herb-drug interaction studies of atorvastatin co-administered with the herbal slimming products

Herbal slimming products (HSPs) contain multiple herbs used in weight loss. Phytoconstituents of several plant extracts show the inhibitory effects on the drug-metabolizing enzymes causing interaction when taken with other drugs. Atorvastatin (ATS) is used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the effect of HSPs on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ATS. ATS (10 mg/Kg) was administered alone or in combination with HSP1 (200 mg/Kg)/ HSP2 (165 mg/Kg) orally in the SD rats for pharmacokinetics study. Hyperlipidemia was induced in Golden Syrian Hamster by feeding HFD (60% kcal). Furthermore, biochemical levels in serum, ROS, gene expression and lipid accumulation levels were examined in hamster liver tissue. HSPs have significantly enhanced the permeability and inhibited the metabolism of ATS by inhibiting the CYP3A4 isoenzyme confirmed by in vitro assay. Co-administration of HSPs with ATS enhanced the relative bioavailability of ATS.Concomitant administration of HSPs with ATS has significantly reduced the fat content, inflammatory cytokines, TG, VLDL, LDL levels, tissue MDA level, HMGCR and SREBP1c mRNA expression levels, lipid accumulation as well as collagen content and has increased the serum HDL level as well as tissue SOD, CAT, GHS and mRNA expression levels of LXRα and CYP7A1. The aforementioned outcomes indicated that coadministration of HSPs with ATS may lead to herb-drug interaction. Therefore, precaution should be taken and dose adjustment is required when administered simultaneously.

Tinjauan Yuridis atas Peredaran Produk Obat Pelangsing Ilegal Melalui Perdagangan Online yang Beresiko terhadap Kesehatan

In realizing a healthy state, medicine and food play a very important role. However, not all drugs and foods distributed online have a distribution permit and meet other requirements in accordance with laws and regulations so that they can threaten public health. The circulation of drug products online has the risk of circulating certain drugs that are often misused and illegal products that harm public health, one of which is illegal direct drug products such as Slim Strong, Slim Fast, Slimming Pro, etc.), containing BKO sibutramin which can cause side effects such as palpitations, shortness of breath, anxiety, and hallucinations. The method used in writing this article is a qualitative approach with a descriptive method of analysis. Data collection techniques are carried out by literature study. Data and information are collected from various related literature such as books, journals, related laws and regulations, government documents, news in mass media both print and electronic, and others. Data and information are combined and analyzed based on discussion groups. The last stage, the results of the analysis that has been made, conclusions are drawn as answers to research questions and also some suggestions or recommendations to relevant stakeholders. This study emphasizes that supervision carried out by the Food and Drug Administration on the circulation of illegal slimming drug products as a form of comprehensive supervision ranging from pre-market to post-market supervision. This supervision is strengthened by the existence of Presidential Instruction (Inpres) Number 3 of 2017 concerning Increasing the Effectiveness of Food and Drug Control. Then, law enforcement that can have a deterrent effect is to apply criminal sanctions, as stipulated in Article 197 Jo. Article 106 paragraph (1) of RI Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health as amended by Article 60 number 10 of RI Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulations in Lieu of RI Law on Job Creation and in RI Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection.

Apomediation and Disintermediation: YouTube Prescribers on Fad Diets

Background: As a result of the confinements of the COVID-19 pandemic and the sedentary lifestyle due to teleworking, there is an increase in weight gain and dietary carelessness in the population, which leads to an increase in offers of fad diets based on recommendations made by digital influencers. Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the characteristics of dietary recommendation videos made by non-health professional prescribers in Spanish and English to understand what patterns are followed by the productions of this type of content and what effects they have on the interaction they receive. Methods: An exploratory walkthrough method analysis was applied to define the variables of a codebook, followed by a content analysis of a sample of 50 videos published between January 2020 and July 2021. Results: Most of the videos are published in the first months of the year, probably aimed at users seeking to reduce the weight gained during Christmas. The productions were characterized by having a very personal tone, informative and with relatively plural information, sometimes addressing the risks of diets or slimming products, and, although recommendations abound, the voices of experts are not frequent. Conclusion: The products and diets addressed in the videos often have a high health risk and do not involve practices recommended by experts, so although sometimes their contraindications or associated risks are pointed out, the promotional component and the search for traffic to the channel seem to be more relevant factors than public health in these videos.

Pengaruh Brand Image, Expertiential Marketing, Dan Product Quality Terhadap Customer Loyalty Merek Tropicana Slim Pada Premium Community

One of the strategies used by Tropicana Slim to win the Top Brand Award for 4 (four) consecutive years is to enter the premium community through brand activation. This research aims to determine and analyze the influence of brand image, experiential marketing, and product quality on customer loyalty of the Tropicana Slim brand in the premium community. This research is associative research and the type of data used is quantitative. The population in this study are members of the premium community. The number of samples in the research was 95 people using a purposive sampling technique with the following criteria: they are premium community members who have experienced brand activation by Tropicana Slim Medan City and have purchased Tropicana Slim products at least 1 (one) time. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research show that simultaneously brand image, experiential marketing and product quality have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty of the Tropicana Slim brand in the premium community. Partially, brand image, experiential marketing and product quality have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty of the Tropicana Slim brand in the premium community.

Use of Fe3O4@MPTMS-Dithizone Magnetic Nanoparticles as Solid Phase Sorbent for Sensitive Analysis of Sibutramine Molecules in Herbal Slimming Products

Background: A new enrichment and sensitive determination method, which includes HPLCDAD analysis after Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction (MSPE), has been developed for trace analysis of Sibutramine molecules in herbal slimming products. Sibutramine is one of the most adulterated drug molecules in herbal products. Method: In the proposed method, Sibutramine molecules were pre-concentrated by using Fe3O4@MPTMS-Dithizone magnetic sorbent synthesized in our laboratory. Desorption of Sibutramine molecules from the sorbent phase was carried out by using acetonitrile: methanol (1:1) solvent in the presence of pH 8.0 buffer before chromatographic determinations. Results: Analytical parameters of the method, such as linear range, enrichment factor, and determination limit, were determined after optimizing experimental variables such as interaction time, desorption solvent, pH, etc. The sibutramine molecule was analyzed by isocratic elution of acetonitrile and KH2PO4 (pH 3.0, 0.05 M) (40:60) with a DAD detector at 223 nm wavelength. Limit of detection (LOD) value was calculated as 1.43 ng mL-1. Conclusion: Relative standard deviations (RSD) were below 3.20% for determinations of model solutions, including 100 ng mL-1 of Sibutramine. Finally, the developed method has been applied to herbal slimming tea samples with quantitative recovery experiments.

A trimodal detection paper chip for undisclosed drug "sibutramine" in nutraceuticals.

Nutraceuticals are promoted and marketed with the stated label of being natural as well as safe herbal products. In order to enhance their effectiveness, nutraceuticals are usually adulterated with undeclared constituents. Slimming herbs may contain sibutramine (SBT) which is an FDA-banned ingredient due to its fatal outcomes. This current work's aim is to design a trimodal sensor for SBT detection in different herbal slimming formulations. Screen-printed silver and multi-walled carbon nanotube inks were employed for the potentiometric sensor. The sensor was designed to fill a reaction well in which a carbon dot-silver nanoparticle pair was applied for fluorimetric and colorimetric purposes. The trimodal sensor was designed to fit an 8 mm 2-pin LED strip connector. Potentiometric measurement took place upon application of one sample aliquot then the optical reaction proceeded next in a specified zone for optical detection. These multiple detection mechanisms achieved the required selectivity for SBT determination in the presence of other slimming products' additives. This trimodal sensor satisfied World Health Organization standards for point-of-care devices demonstrating the suggested device as a dynamic part for rapid on-site detection of undisclosed SBT.

Dietary supplement mislabelling: case study on selected slimming products by developing a green isocratic HPLC method for their quality control

Nowadays, a huge population consumes Dietary supplements for losing weight. Products are often claimed as botanical blends, yet they aren't necessarily safe. Misleading labels are also very common. Thus, validated analytical methods for a wide range of slimming compounds are highly needed. Herein, we present a simple HPLC/PDA method for the quantitation of seven popular slimming ingredients. Studied compounds were Caffeine, Raspberry Ketone, trans-Resveratrol, p-Synephrine, p-Octopamine, p-Hordenine and 2-phenethylamine. After optimization, separation was carried out on a C18 column and mobile phase was a mixture of Acetonitrile:Water containing 0.1% phosphoric acid (50:50, %v/v). The last compound was eluted at 9.76 min. Separation was efficient showing baseline- separated symmetric peaks, without using any gradient programs, organic mobile phase modifiers or modified stationary phases. Method validation was done following ICH guidelines. Calibration curves were linear over wide concentration ranges and calculated LOD values were in the range 0.02–0.09 µg/mL. Method greenness was assessed using Analytical Eco-scale, GAPI and AGREE metric tools. Further, four random sample products purchased from online supplement stores were assayed. Results proved some mislabeling actions. To support our findings, standard addition was carried out and average % recoveries were 96.67 – 101.44% with standard deviation ≤ 2.83 between measurements.

Searching the chemical content of drug sibutramin hydrochloride in herbal slimming products

Sibutramine hydrochloride as an additive in herbal slimming products is prohibited by the Ministry of Health in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia number 007 of 2012 concerning Registration of Traditional Medicines. The purpose of this review is to determine the content, the highest concentration value, the identification method and the distribution area of ​​herbal slimming products containing sibutramine hydrochloride. The method used is a traditional systematic review with inclusion criteria in the form of the year of publication of the journal with a period of the last 10 years, which uses both English and Indonesian, full text, articles that contain methods and methods of identifying sibutramine hydrochloride, and articles that list the number of positive samples. contains sibutramine hydrochloride and contains levels of sibutramine hydrochloride in herbal slimming products, the article lists the research location or the location of the herbal product sampling. The presentation of data from the results of the review in descriptive form includes the percentage of products containing sibutramine hydrochloride and the highest content of sibutramine hydrochloride. The results of the article review, herbal slimming products from different research locations contain sibutramine hydrochloride by 52.17% (36). Sibutramine hydrochloride analysis methods include TLC- Densitometry, UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, HPLC, and GC-MS. The herbal slimming product with the highest concentration comes from the city of Depok with a concentration of 26.24 mg/pill, China with a concentration of 78 mg/capsule.

Polypyrrole-polyaniline nanorods assisted electromembrane extraction of phenolphthalein from herbal slimming products prior to its determination by the liquid chromatography method

Herein, polypyrrole-polyaniline nanorods (PPy-PANI NRs) were synthesized via oxidative polymerization and subsequently were used in electromembrane extraction of phenolphthalein from herbal slimming products. The copolymer was added to the supported liquid membrane to enhance the extraction efficiency of phenolphthalein (PP), and then the analyte was determined by a liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection system. This is the first report on the application of PPy-PANI NRs as an additive in the electromembrane extraction method. The PP can interact with the PPy-PANI NRs material via interactions such as ion exchange, electrostatics, π-π, and hydrogen bonding. Accordingly, an enhancment in extraction performance was observed in the presence of PPy-PANI NRs as the SLM modifier. The optimized extraction conditions were: donor phase pH, 8.2; acceptor phase pH, 12.0; extraction time, 14 min; voltage, 30 V; stirring rate, 750 rpm; PPy-PANI NRs concentration in the SLM, 1.0 mg mL−1; and 1-octanol as the extraction solvent. A wide linear range and low detection limit equal to 3.0–2000, and 1.0 μg L−1 were obtained, respectively. Besides, the excellent clean-up was attended, which is a great advantage over the more sample preparation methods. Finally, the new method was successfully used to determine PP in slimming products of Iranian markets, and satisfactory results (5.5–8.5 % RSDs; relative recovery, 80–110 %) were obtained.

Effectiveness of Online Video Marketing on Facebook Using Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) Model

The advancements in technology and high-speed networks give advantages for entrepreneurs to promote their products and services in various forms of posting through social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and many more. The effectiveness of the video posting in terms of the virality of the video, the time the video reaches the maximum number of viewers and the flow of video spread are very important inputs for the marketers. Therefore, this preliminary study was designed to differentiate the effectiveness of two selected video posting on Facebook promoting two different popular products among women: shawls and slimming product. Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) models with demography and without demography was used in analysing the data since the nature of the dissemination of the video is similar to the spread of virus. The variables used in the analysis were the number of Facebook users who exposed to the video (Susceptible), received and shared the video (Infected) and stop sharing the video (Recovered). The finding shows the video promoting the shawl is more viral (R0Â > 1) as compared to the video promoting the slimming product (R0 < 1) based on both SIR Model. Although the earliest number of users who received the shawl video was lower but the number of users who received and shared that videos increased tremendously until it reached the maximum number of 19.6 million viewers in 2 days and after that the number was slowly decreased. For slimming product, it started with higher number of viewers, but reached the maximum number of viewers of 10.3 million in 8 days and later the number was gradually decreased. Further study should be done because there are a lot of possibilities or factors that contribute to these findings.

Brand Equity Review: Sales Promotion Role in Tropicana Slim Purchasing Decision

As a top Indonesian product, Tropicana Slim seems to give new solutions to enjoying sweet taste widely used in Indonesian cuisine without worrying about the negative impacts often feared by the public, such as obesity and diabetes. Tropicana Slim’s achievements as the top brand for five years have several factors in consumer purchasing decisions that could lead to product loyalty under the Tropicana Slim brand. Therefore, this study aims to see the role of brand equity which consist of brand image, brand awareness, and sales promotion of Tropicana slim products introduced by PT Nutrifood Indonesia through their Instagram account @tropicanaslim leads to purchasing decisions. This research was carried out from March until April 2021 using a positivism paradigm with a quantitative approach and content analysis using visuals and text from 16 posts on their Instagram account. This research indicates the role of brand equity in the form of brand image with a frequency value of 42,03%, brand awareness with 26,09%, and sales promotion with a frequency of 31,88% on purchasing decisions. It can be concluded that the postings on the @tropicanaslim Instagram account take the role of elements of brand equity and sales promotion in purchasing decision process.

Aggregate Planning Implementation for Planning and Controlling The Materials in The Beverage Packaging Industry

The Beverage Packaging Industry is a company that produce ready-to-drink drinks that produces Box Bottle Tea (BBT) 250 slim products. This product is sent to several customers and distributors throughout Indonesia. During 2020 the demand for this product has increased. In addition, the increasing demand also fluctuated significantly so the company was unable to predict production schedule. The continuity of the production process to meet consumer demand requires good production planning. The purpose of this research is to plan and control the production process of BBT 250 slim to obtain optimal raw material requirements. This study uses the method of Linear Regression and Aggregate Planning. Based on the analysis with Linear Regression, this study resulted in a model Y=319.575+3.723X, meaning that if demand decreases, the amount of production also decreases. This model is very useful for the Beverage Packaging Industry in planning and controlling raw materials for production. Calculation of raw material requirements for BBT 250 slim products results in an efficiency of raw materials than usual forecasting.

A STUDY ON THE ADVERTISEMENTS RELATED TO SLIMMING PRODUCTS IN PRINT MEDIA AND ITS IMPACT AMONG YOUNGSTERS

Today’s trend there is a noticeable raise in the frequency of advertisements of slimming and weight loss products in print media. Being slim has become an obsession for many people in the last couple of decades. Recently many people do not have conscious about slim toned bodies in naturally, so generally these people should constantly be vigilant in methods that will help lose some fat like diet and other methods to conform to current ideals. Many slimming product sellers employ promotion as a tool to persuade youngsters by inculcating creative ideas. These advertisements are highly exaggerated, and they can easily influence the people especially youngsters who are conscious about their appearance. The major objective of this is to analyze the content of various slimming advertisements in print media and to find out its impact among youngsters. The research methodologies used are content analysis and survey method. Through this study it is evident that slimming advertisements use print media as an effective tool to persuade the target audience.