Slide Rule Research Articles

Design and application of a B-ultrasound-guided deep vein puncture precise positioning device

Deep venipuncture catheterization is a routine and basic operation in the treatment of critically ill patients, and it is the most effective way to quickly correct the shock. Clinical B-ultrasound guided deep vein catheters can improve the success rate of puncture, but in the process of operation, the short axis needs to be replaced by the long axis. In the replacement process, the stability of the novice is insufficient, the positioning is difficult, and the operation time is too long. If only short axis puncture is used, it is impossible to know whether the current position of the puncture needle, and the puncture may be too deep and stray into the artery. The accuracy of the 45 degree angle of the injection point requires a very experienced operator. In view of the above shortcomings, doctors in the department of critical care medicine of Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine designed a B-ultrasound puncture equipment, which has obtained the National Invention Patent of China (ZL 2016 1 0571557.X). The device is composed of B-ultrasound probe fixing frame, sliding scale plate, simulation slide rule, puncture needle, sliding device. By sliding device the angle of the pinhole channel, it is conducive to the accurate positioning of the puncture target, optimizing the operation procedure, improving the puncture speed and accuracy, effectively reducing the occurrence of puncture complications, ensuring patient safety, reducing unnecessary waste of human and material resources. It can reduce the workload of medical staff and is worthy of clinical practice.

Character Is Fate

Character Is Fate Jack Granath (bio) Character is not fate. It is a long hallway with lots of locked doors on either side. Is it possible to explore what lies behind them? Sure. You can break down a door. You can force or pick a lock. You can simply knock and ask (or plead or demand) to be let in. Maybe someone on the other side will listen to reason. Knowing one’s self is a good idea. We ought to, since we travel together so often. For that same reason, though, you may shrug off the advice, thinking it officious or unnecessary. If so, I’ll ask you for just one thing: a detailed description of the spot at the very center of your back. (I learned this from a camel.) And anyway, nowadays, the problem is different. The original was aimed at those seeking to know their fate. Did it imply that one should seek one’s self instead of one’s fate or that seeking one’s self would reveal one’s fate? (Remember that character is fate.) A few thousand years later, we know all about fate (either by dismissing it or by calculating it with a slide rule), so we hardly need to seek it, but the advice may be more helpful than ever, at least for these suddenly wise scientists, discoverers of a resemblance between our selves and our computers. We will need to explain it to them though. It’s less snappy. It could use some work. But just for starters: Know thyself and know the world and recognize differences in kind. [End Page 23] All the world’s a stage in what sense? That our actions have meaning in the way an old play does? That we are being watched by an unseen audience, as the old religions teach? Or that boundaries matter, beginnings and endings, the proscenium, the platform, the tent? That without them we kick along in deserts, grope in oceans, let our own stories drift off on the wind? What is a river? You may have stepped in one or two twice, though the water that washed over you was not the same water. We are told that the cells that make up our bodies are not the same cells that made them up before. Does this mean that you cannot be stepped on twice? And what if you step on someone else? Should Sunday morning you go unblamed for your crimes of Saturday night? Physicians should, indeed, heal themselves if they can, but would you refuse advice from a sick physician? Do you think the study of medicine confers indefinite immunity on those who study it? Now priests, on the other hand, are a different story. Man likes to tell other men that he is the measure of all things. Eventually, though, he winds up alone. He may tell the rock that he is the measure of all things. He may tell the measuring stick that he is the measure of all things. They will be OK with that. To say that there is no accounting for taste—which is more or less true—is not the same as saying we shouldn’t argue about it. How unthinkably impoverished—a world without that kind of ruckus! [End Page 24] Daring to know is another that may be wounded in translation: to know, to judge, to taste. Don’t be wishy-washy, says the father to his son. Don’t be nice, says the councilor to his prince. Don’t see both sides, says the patriot to his fellows. Is it really a great daring, to dare to be part of the problem? Or is there a greater one, in daring to question, to scratch your head, to shrug? What does it mean to know that one knows nothing? Because, after all, even the least promising among us know something. Frequently, though, those least promising don’t know that there’s more to know. There’s always more to know. And sometimes the most promising don’t know that too. To use moderation in all things sounds like good advice. You’ll find it in a very long book...

Reflection on Slide Rules, Calculators, Log Tables, and Computers

As I approach my 70th year in physics, let me tell my younger colleagues about my adventures with computation. When I was 14, my father gave me a slide rule because I appeared to be headed toward a career in physics. Since then, I have had experience with many other calculating devices.

Photonic slide rule with metasurfaces

As an elementary particle, a photon that carries information in frequency, polarization, phase, and amplitude, plays a crucial role in modern science and technology. However, how to retrieve the full information of unknown photons in an ultracompact manner over broad bandwidth remains a challenging task with growing importance. Here, we demonstrate a versatile photonic slide rule based on an all-silicon metasurface that enables us to reconstruct incident photons’ frequency and polarization state. The underlying mechanism relies on the coherent interactions of frequency-driven phase diagrams which rotate at various angular velocities within broad bandwidth. The rotation direction and speed are determined by the topological charge and phase dispersion. Specifically, our metasurface leverages both achromatically focusing and azimuthally evolving phases with topological charges +1 and −1 to ensure the confocal annular intensity distributions. The combination of geometric phase and interference holography allows the joint manipulations of two distinct group delay coverages to realize angle-resolved in-pair spots in a transverse manner- a behavior that would disperse along longitudinal direction in conventional implementations. The spin-orbital coupling between the incident photons and vortex phases provides routing for the simultaneous identification of the photons’ frequency and circular polarization state through recognizing the spots’ locations. Our work provides an analog of the conventional slide rule to flexibly characterize the photons in an ultracompact and multifunctional way and may find applications in integrated optical circuits or pocketable devices.

Richard V. Snyder: MTT-S Honorary Life Member [Awards

Dick Snyder ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Figure 1</xref> ) was born in Brooklyn, New York, in December 1939. His family relocated to Santa Monica, California, in 1944. He was the oldest son of a lawyer and a Juilliard-trained classical pianist, accomplished people who cherished education and nurtured Dick’s talents and abilities. (He practiced the piano at 6 a.m. from the time he was about five years old.) As a child, he adored his grandfather, who taught him to read at three years old and gave him a love of learning. Grandpa was also an engineer, educated at Cooper Union, and introduced his grandson to math. (Dick still has Grandpa’s old wooden logarithmic slide rule in his desk.)

Review: Beyond Blue Skies: The Rocket Plane Programs That Led to the Space Age, by Chris Petty

Review: <i>Beyond Blue Skies: The Rocket Plane Programs That Led to the Space Age</i>, by Chris Petty

Craig Robertson. The Filing Cabinet: A Vertical History of Information. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2021. 280p. Paper, $27.95 (ISBN 978-1517909468).

Take a moment and think: when did you last consider the humble filing cabinet? Ubiquitous to the point of invisibility, especially for anyone who has worked in or simply passed through an office, reading Craig Robertson’s The Filing Cabinet: A Vertical History of Information set this reviewer’s mind adrift, wondering when I had last seen this piece of furniture. Once a required presence in any office, the filing cabinet now appears to be the purview of interior designers looking to add an industrial chic edge to a loft, or a cheap DIY project of choice for smoked meat enthusiasts. Has the filing cabinet’s moment passed, condemned to become a relic—much like slide rules, banker’s lamps, drafting tables, barrister shelves, and the like—to be fetishized by weekend flea market browsers?

Slide Rules: Adults and Children on Chicago Playgrounds

Slide Rules: Adults and Children on Chicago Playgrounds

Virtuous Cycles

Reports on the development of microprocessors from an economic perspective. What shaped the economics of the microprocessor? In the beginning, replacement of components and redesign of equipment drove sales. Embedding logical instructions in the design of an integrated circuit changed calculators and scientific instruments. Those products found enthusiastic buyers in a generation of engineers and scientists raised on slide rules and vacuum tubes. The rise of personal computers changed the focus. Apple and IBM won a format war, which benefitted their respective suppliers, Motorola, Intel, and IBM’s semiconductor division. Third party software providers added applications. By 1985, IBM’s PC division achieved sales that would have made it the third largest computer company, had it been free-standing. Not long thereafter, IBM lost control over the design to clones such as Compaq.

John W. Severinghaus, M.D., 1922 to 2021.

John W. Severinghaus, M.D., 1922 to 2021.

A "Slide Rule" to Adjust Insulin Dose Using Trend Arrows in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: Test in Silico and in Real Life.

IntroductionIn persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D) insulin dosing can be adjusted based on trend arrows derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). We propose a slide rule with narrower blood glucose intervals and more classes of insulin sensitivity than are available in current models.MethodsThe slide rule was tested in silico, in which a meal was simulated in 100 virtual subjects and the insulin bolus was calculated either in the standard way based on the insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio and the correction factor or according to the slide rule, following which the percentage time spent in range (70–180 mg/dl; %TIR), hypoglycemia (< 70 mg/dl; %THYPO), and hyperglycemia (> 180 mg/dl; %THYPER) was compared between the methods during the 4 h after the meal. Slide rule performance was also tested in real life by analyzing the same variables at during the 4 h postprandial period in 27 individuals with T1D. Only meals starting while the rate of change was at least 1 mg/dl per minute (increasing or decreasing) were considered for analysis.ResultsIn silico, when the preprandial trend arrow was increasing, our slide rule reduced %THYPER and increased %TIR (p < 0.05), whereas when the preprandial trend arrow was decreasing, it reduced %THYPO and slightly increased %THYPER (p < 0.05). In real life, our slide rule kept subjects on target for 70.8 and 91.6% of postprandial time when preprandial trend arrows were increasing or decreasing, respectively.ConclusionThe proposed slide rule performed well both in silico and in real life, suggesting that it could be safely adopted by individuals with T1D to improve glucose control.

What Chromatograms Can Teach Us About Our Analytes

Gas chromatography (GC) is among the richest data-producing techniques in analytical chemistry. A chromatogram can provide a wealth of information about an individual analyte in a sample, about the sample itself, and about how well the instrument is performing. Traditional isothermal chromatograms provide useful information about the thermodynamics and kinetics of the analyte-stationary phase interactions and whether these are changing over time. They also provide measures of instrument performance through theoretical plate and tailing factor calculations. Many of these determinations are automatically performed by today’s data systems, but they trace their origins to calculations and simplifications that were done in days when chromatograms were printed on rolls of paper and calculations were done with slide rules. We will see how our data systems both assist and hinder in obtaining maximum information from chromatograms.

Experiencing Technological Evolution [History

I purchased my first mechanical analog computer in 1962, when I was an electrical engineering freshman at the University of Illinois. It was distributed by The Fredrick Post Company of Chicago, but manufactured by The Hemmi Bamboo Slide Rule Company Ltd. in Japan. The model I obtained was the Versalog 1460 slide rule (slipstick) with the cordovan color leather case (Figure 1). This was the essential basic engineering tool for all mathematical computations required by students in the electrical engineering program at the university. Using the slide rule effectively required applying the fundamental rules of use coupled with one's intuitive engineering skills. You had to figure out where the place value of the decimal point was in your answer since the slide rule didn't keep track of this. Your intuition helped to quickly solve this issue.

Uma sequência didática baseada na resolução de problemas e em material manipulativo envolvendo funções exponenciais e logarítmicas

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma atividade contendo uma situação problema norteadora que descreve a taxa de crescimento da população infectada por uma doença viral. Sua solução envolve a função exponencial na modelagem e a aproximação de valores de logaritmos de base 10 com a régua de cálculo. Essa atividade faz parte da dissertação de Mestrado de uma das autoras que busca voltar à atenção dos educadores para a utilização de situações-problema e material manipulativo como ferramentas que visam despertar o interesse e a participação dos discentes no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Com o intuito de verificar a eficiência de tais estratégias didáticas no ensino da Matemática, realizou-se uma pesquisa com alunos do primeiro ano do XXXX (XXXX). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os recursos didáticos utilizados são cativantes e capazes de aproximar o mundo matemático dos discentes.

Object-based warping in three-dimensional environments.

Object-based warping is a powerful visual illusion wherein space between features within figural regions is regularly overestimated compared with those within ground regions. Originally, the effect was only examined in displays of two-dimensional (2D) stimuli. The present study sought to examine whether object-based warping persists in more naturalistic viewing conditions, where additional contextual cues are present. Stimuli were presented with either three-dimensional (3D) printed objects (Experiment 1) or 3D objects in virtual reality (Experiments 2–4). The testing metric was actual distance of features (dots) compared with estimated distances made by participants. Responses for the 3D printed stimuli were measured with replica dots on a slide ruler device. The virtual reality experiments collected responses either with a computer mouse or motion-tracked controller and included manipulations of object type, spatial separation, viewing distance of stimuli, and head motion. A standard warping effect in 3D was observed in all experiments, although the effect was not present in one condition that elicits warping in 2D (Occluded Rectangle). The final experiment resolves this discrepancy by reducing the multicomponent object (Occluded Rectangle) to a single component figure, while demonstrating the influence of depth cues on the warping effect under occlusion. Collectively, these experiments reveal that object-based warping is a powerful effect, even in naturalistic settings.

Token Sliding on Split Graphs

We consider the complexity of the Independent Set Reconfiguration problem under the Token Sliding rule. In this problem we are given two independent sets of a graph and are asked if we can transform one to the other by repeatedly exchanging a vertex that is currently in the set with one of its neighbors, while maintaining the set independent. Our main result is to show that this problem is PSPACE-complete on split graphs (and hence also on chordal graphs), thus resolving an open problem in this area. We then go on to consider the c-Colorable Reconfiguration problem under the same rule, where the constraint is now to maintain the set c-colorable at all times. As one may expect, a simple modification of our reduction shows that this more general problem is PSPACE-complete for all fixed c ≥ 1 on chordal graphs. Somewhat surprisingly, we show that the same cannot be said for split graphs: we give a polynomial time (nO(c)) algorithm for all fixed values of c, except c = 1, for which the problem is PSPACE-complete. We complement our algorithm with a lower bound showing that c-Colorable Reconfiguration is W[2]-hard on split graphs parameterized by c and the length of the solution, as well as a tight ETH-based lower bound for both parameters. Finally, we study c-Colorable Reconfiguration under a relaxed rule called Token Jumping, where exchanged vertices are not required to be adjacent. We show that the problem on chordal graphs is PSPACE-complete even if c is some fixed constant. We then show that the problem is polynomial-time solvable for strongly chordal graphs even if c is a part of the input.

DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION VISUALIZATION METHODS FOR USE IN MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS

The aim of the article is development of a technique for visualizing information for use in multimedia applications. In this study, to visualize information, it is proposed first to compile a list of key terms of the subject area and create data tables. Based on the structuring of fragments of the subject area, a visual display of key terms in the form of pictograms, a visual display of key terms in the form of images, and a visual display of data tables are performed. The types of visual structures that should be used to visualize information for further use in multimedia applications are considered. The analysis of existing visual structures in desktop publishing systems and word processors is performed. To build a mechanism for visualizing information about the task as a presentation, a multimedia application is developed using Microsoft Visual Studio software, the C# programming language by using the Windows Forms application programming interface. An algorithm is proposed for separating pieces of information text that have key terms. Tabular data was visualized using the “parametric ruler” metaphorical visualization method, based on the metaphor of a slide rule. The use of the parametric ruler method on the example of data visualization for the font design of children's publications is proposed. Interaction of using the method is ensured due to the fact that the user will enter the size of the size that interests for it and will see the ratio of the values of other parameters. The practical result of the work is the creation of a multimedia application “Visualization of Publishing Standards” for the visualization of information for the font design of publications for children. The result of the software implementation is the finished multimedia applications, which, according to the standardization visualization technique in terms of prepress preparation of publications, is the final product of the third stage of the presentation of the visual form

On Logarithms and Slide Rules

Figure 1 is a build-it-yourself contraption that could be used to add numbers. It consists of a dial numbered from 0 to 9.9 by tenths and a similarly numbered face upon which the dial is intended t...

The engineer of the future is a centaur

Digital technology has transformed structural engineering over the past 50 years: calculators have replaced slide rules, finite-element analysis can be run for any structure, apps size beams and rebar, computer-aided design has removed drawing boards and been supplanted by building information modelling. These tools have all been automating designs and workflows. Now artificial intelligence, which includes machine learning, promises to do the same for engineering design and practice, especially for situations that are too complex for the current generation of programs.

Of Slide Rules and Stethoscopes: AI and the Future of Doctoring.

Historically, the practice of medicine has been a physically intimate endeavor. Physicians have used their hands to palpate and reveal the secrets hidden within the body. Smelling the breath for the ketosis of diabetes or tasting the skin for the saltiness of cystic fibrosis were among the physician's essential practices. Today, perhaps the most defining characteristic of a brilliant clinician is the ability to synthesize many images-from electrocardiograms, ultrasounds, CT scans, and so forth-into a coherent picture that can guide our diagnosis and treatment. Yet this is rapidly becoming a Sisyphean task. Just as we are about to drown in a deluge of data, AI is throwing us a life preserver, to save not only our patients but ourselves. But where will AI take us?