Sleeve Length Research Articles

The Relationship between Hand Grip Strength and the Accuracy of Field Tennis Services in Eighth Semester Male Students in Department of Training Faculty of Sports Science UNIMA

The aims of this study is to find out the relationship between hand grip strength and the accuracy of field tennis services. In this study the research method is quantitative research with independent variables Hand Grip Strength (X1), Sleeve Length (X2) and dependent variable Accuracy of Tennis Service (Y). The result show there is a significant relationship between hand grip strength and service accuracy in semester VII male students of the Department of Coaching Education. There is a meaningful relationship between arm length and correct service in 7th semester male students in Department of Coaching Education. There is a meaningful relationship between hand grip strength and arm length together with the accuracy of service to seventh semester male students of the Department of Training Education.

Histological evaluation of atrial muscle sleeve of pulmonary veins as relevant to trigger mapping and ablation.

The atrial myocardial sleeve of the pulmonary vein is the most common source of arrhythmogenic triggers in atrial fibrillation. The present study was designed to study the atrial muscle sleeve in detail, to help in planning and execution of "trigger mapping and ablation" procedure, used for treating resistant atrial fibrillation. A longitudinal tissue section was taken along the length of each pulmonary vein including the posterior wall of the left atrium, from 15 normal human formalin fixed hearts. The histological and micro-morphometric details of the atrial muscle sleeve were studied. A muscle sleeve composed of cardiac muscle was found in each pulmonary vein, situated between adventitia and media, and separated from media by clearly defined connective tissue. The fiber arrangement was non uniform and angular changes in the fiber direction were frequent. Autonomic ganglia were found in the adventitia. The sleeve was tapering distally but reduction was not circumferentially uniform, minimum thickness was more for right (~ 0.2mm) than for left veins (0.1mm). The mean atrial sleeve length was 6.3mm; the left veins had longer sleeve then right while left inferior veins had the maximum mean length. The trigger mapping should be done for 2cm on pulmonary veins to fully cover the atrial muscle sleeve. The gradual tapering of the atrial sleeve indicates that the maximum intensity ablative lesions would be needed at the veno-atrial junction while the ablation power should be reduced distally. Distal triggers on right veins would need more ablation then on the left veins.

Experimental study on ultimate strength of bolted L shaped sleeve joints between CFS lipped channel sections

This study aims to understand the behavior of bolted L shape sleeve joint connecting two Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) channel sections. A total of thirty-two specimens were experimentally tested under three-point bending. Three different series namely, (A) control specimen with two different span lengths, (B) sleeved specimen with the flange of sleeve connector capping the compression zone, and (C) sleeved specimen with the flange of sleeve connector capping the tension zone were tested. The parameters considered in this study include (i) the span length (Lt), (ii) sleeve length to section depth ratio (β), and (iii) thickness of sleeve connector (LS). The experimental results revealed that the ultimate moment resistance of specimens with a 2.5 mm thick sleeve connector was 19 to 73% higher than 2.0 mm thick sleeve specimens. The moment capacity of series C specimens was about 90–103% of that of the series B specimens. Based on the experimental results, design predictor equations were suggested to determine the moment resistance of sleeve specimens with respect to β. In addition, reliability studies were done for test series B to determine the safety and resistance factors for allowable strength design (ASD) method and load and resistance factor design (LRFD) method respectively. The equivalent and design uniformly distributed load (UDL) was determined based on the combined effect of shear and bending.

Effect of Stress Relief on Pile Capacity in Soft Clay

Objective/methods: Pile load test is commonly carried out at ground level assuming that using sleeve eliminates shaft resistance within the planned excavation area. But these tests do not capture the effect of stress relief due to excavation. So to study its effect on pile behavior, three numerical simulations were carried out using finite element method. The first simulation (L_Ground) was carried out at the ground level. The second simulation (L_Sleeve) was conducted using sleeve in the planned excavation area. The length of sleeve was taken equal to the depth of basement. The third simulation (L_ Excavation) was carried out after excavation at the formation level. Findings/application: It was found that QLE is 85% of QLS so when tests are conducted by using a sleeve, pile capacity is overestimated. QLG is 74% of QLS which is less than QLE. Because after excavation, soil particles around the pile are stiffer so capacity is increased. At ground level, at working load shaft carries about 77% load. When the load is increased and reaches the ultimate value end bearing contributes more than the shaft resistance. On the other hand, for sleeved pile, at working load shaft and end bearing carries about 80 and 20% load, respectively. But at ultimate load, shaft carries 55% load which is still greater than that carried by end bearing. While after excavation, at working load shaft carries about 86% load. When ultimate load is reached the load distribution is similar to sleeved pile. In the case of ground level and excavation, the shaft resistance has been fully mobilized at the load less than QLS that is about 74 and 86% of QLS, respectively. These results will help to estimate the pile capacity in a better way. Keywords: Stress Relief, Pile Capacity, Soft Clay.

An exploratory study of fit and size issues with mass customized men's jackets using 3D body scan and virtual try-on technology

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential for mass customization with fit and size issues using 3D technology in men's jacket development. The study tested a fit mass customization process that employed 3D body scanning and 3D virtual simulation technology and the results are summarized as follows. First, the fit evaluation for the final virtual jacket was improved from the first virtual jacket. Second, during the virtual jacket evaluation process, the participants made various requests to change the fit of their virtual jacket. The large-size group made more requests for alterations to their virtual jackets than the medium- and small-size groups. Third, the study underlines certain improvements needed before the technology can be used for apparel mass customization. The chest circumference, back width, and sleeve length of the real jacket each tended to be slightly tighter or shorter than that of the virtual jacket. Fourth, the study suggests that the jacket made from the mass customization process was satisfactory to potential male consumers, as the actual jacket from the mass customization scenario in this study was evaluated as being better than a ready-to-wear jacket. 3D technology is identified as an innovative tool for future tailors and the menswear industry, particularly aimed at young male consumers. The current study shows the potential for the use of this technology for menswear development.

Experimental Study on Influence of Connection Defects on Joint Strength of Half‐Grouted Sleeve Splicing of Rebar

The different types of defects of half grouting sleeves will remarkably increase the risks of precast concrete structures. In order to better understand the defects of rebar connections between half grouting sleeves, six different test groups on insufficient grout height, insufficient compactness, rebar offset, insufficient rebar anchor length, overtime grouting, and control group had been researched. The uniaxial tension experiments were conducted for the 24 different specimens, and load‐slip curves were also analyzed. The results of the experiments showed that the outside of the rebar was snapped off as for the destruction mode, while the destruction mode changed as the increment of the degree of defect surpasses the critical value. The bearing capacity and deformability were dropped with the increase in the degree of defects, and a critical value of rebar anchoring length of sleeve was discovered. In the end, different finite‐element models were built based on different deficient situations, and load‐slip constitutive model was obtained, which would be helpful to evaluate the structural performance of precast concrete structures in construction.

Modeling of Airgap Fluxes and Performance Analysis of Five Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Wind Power Application

This paper proposes an Improved Magnetic Circuit (IMC) model for the optimal design and characteristics evaluation of the Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (FP-PMSG) for wind power application. Along with the Finite Element Method (FEM), the IMC model is also preferred for its faster result generation capabilities. The proposed model is used for optimal designing and performance evaluation of FP-PMSG by considering parameters such as leakage fluxes, properties of core material for rotor and stator, properties of rotor permanent magnet sleeve material, effect of saturation and armature reaction. To compute the armature reaction flux, the winding function approach has been opted. Furthermore, extensive analysis is done with respect to different sleeve and core materials along with improvising various dimensional parameters like magnet height, Magnet to Magnet (M-M) gap and sleeve length for high quality performance of FP-PMSG. To validate the results obtained from IMC model and FEM, an experimental prototype is developed and the electromagnetic performances such as generated voltage, Percentage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of generated voltage, terminal voltage vs load current, generated Electromotive Force (EMF) vs speed, rectified Direct Current (DC) Voltage vs DC current, output DC Power vs load resistance and percentage (%) efficiency vs current are evaluated. Through fabrication of the prototype of FP-PMSG in the laboratory, a substantial amount of engineering values have been acquired.

Research on Calibration of Short Base Metal Thermocouples

Short and cheap metal thermocouple is a general term for detachable short base metal thermocouple (electrode length is about 300mm-500mm) and short base metal armored couple (metal sleeve length is about 300mm-500mm). Their electrodes are short in length. Traditional measuring equipment often fails to accurately measure the indication deviation in the high temperature region (above 300 °C). Through experiments, this paper finds out the reasons of inaccurate measurement. Then, this paper designs a thermostat at the terminal, which can solve this problem. The design can effectively reduce the extended uncertainty of short-form even value deviation.

On a variational problem for a model of a Stieltjes string with a backlash at the end

In this paper, a model of deformations of a Stieltjes string with localized interactions with the environment (elastic supports and forces are concentrated at no more than countable set of points) is studied via variational methods. One of the boundary conditions is nonlinear and occurs due to a sleeve, which limits the movement of the right end of the string. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the extremum of the energy functional are established; the critical loads at which the contact of the end of the string with the sleeve occurs are determined; the dependence of the solution on the sleeve length is studied.

The study of the wideband planar sleeve antenna

In this paper, the wideband planar sleeve antenna with two sleeves on the upper side and two sleeves on the bottom side are analyzed numerically. In the previous study, the wideband planar sleeve antenna is used at frequency 3.5 GHz. The purpose of this research is addressed to analyze the wideband planar sleeve antenna in the range frequency of 400-4000 MHz by using WIPL-D EM Simulator by adjusting the antenna parameter. The antenna upper sleeve, lower sleeve, the length of the antenna and the gap between the lower and upper sleeves are adjusted. The result shows that the wideband planar sleeve antenna is achieved. When the length of the upper sleeve is increased, the antenna will work at lower frequency but the return loss slightly reduced, the same effect occurred by increasing the lower sleeve size, but it doesn’t affect at the lower frequency. When the antenna length is increased, the return loss of the antenna is reduced. Furthermore, the distance between the lower and upper sleeve affects the return loss characteristic. This is indicated that by adjusting the length of the antenna parameter, the antenna is applicable for many systems, such as television system and the ISM system.

Development of a new outer sleeve assembly for beam-column connections

With a view to improving the ease of construction, a new type of outer sleeve assembly (OSA) between steel beam and column has been developed. The characteristics of stress distribution and failure modes of the components of twelve OSAs were analysed using a general purpose finite element software ANSYS. The roles of square and H outer sleeves to the structural action of the OSA are described in this paper. The material, geometry and contact nonlinearities of the assembly of the OSA have been identified as the main factors affecting the joint stiffness and bending capacity. Seismic performance of the new OSA is reported using failure modes, hysteresis curves and skeleton curves of different models. Four key parameters, viz., the thickness of the sleeve, the wall thickness of square steel tubular column, the length of square sleeve and the length of H sleeve are shown to significantly affect the monotonic and the hysteretic behaviour of the joint. Based on the superposition principle, a simplified method for calculating the initial stiffness of the OSA is proposed. Using the component method, the flexural capacity of the outer sleeve joint was calculated and analysed. The simulation and theoretical calculation have proved that the simplified calculation method is feasible. The numerical analysis results show that the new OSA beam-column connection joint has good energy dissipation and ductility under low-cycle cyclic loading. The four parameters mentioned above have certain influence on the bearing capacity, energy dissipation and ductility of the joint.

Experimental Studies of the Unit Side Friction Resistance of Soil to Static Penetration Depending on Probe Dimensions

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the effect of friction sleeve dimensions on soil resistance along its side surface during static penetration tests using a standard Russian-made probe (diameter: 35.7 mm, friction sleeve length: 310 mm) and a foreign-made probe (diameter: 43.8 mm, friction sleeve length: 146 mm). The behavior and empirical relationships reflecting the effect of various factors on the resulting sleeve friction resistance of soil are described.

Optimization of an intrinsically safe solenoid valve and the static and dynamic characteristics

© 2019 IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved. The solenoid valve used on the hydraulic roof support in the coal mine is an intrinsically safe solenoid. It requires the solenoid valve to achieve large electromagnetic force at low current. The load can not be driven if the current is too low, while a large temperature rise and energy loss would occur in the form of heat if the current is too high. In order to solve this contradictory problem, the load force of the solenoid valve was analyzed first. Then the ANSYS models of the solenoid were established to carry out the simulation jobs. The effects of the three parameters, the sleeve length, the seat length and the boss height, on the electromagnetic forces and magnetic fields were researched so as to optimize the three parameters. The static and dynamic characteristics of the optimized solenoid valve were also studied. An experimental setup was established to verify the simulation results finally. Results show that the simulation values are in good agreement with the experimental values. The peak value of starting current and holding current is small and the solenoid responses rapidly. This study proves the accuracy and reliability of the simulation models and the methods. It also provides valuable references for the design and optimization of the intrinsically safe solenoid valve.

SVC Mapping Using an Ultra-High Resolution 3-Dimensional Mapping System inPatientsWithand Without AF.

This study aimed to characterize the superior vena cava (SVC) sleeve in patients with and without atrial fibrillation (AF). A few studies have examined the morphological characteristics of atrial myocardial extensions into the human SVC using autopsied hearts. Thirty-four patients with AF and 30 without AF underwent SVC mapping during sinus rhythm using ultra-high-resolution mapping. In 18 patients with AF, SVC isolation was added, and the SVC mapping was repeated. The median acquisition time was 7.7min (interquartile range [IQR]: 5.5 to 11.2min), and 2,478 data points (IQR: 1,620 to 3,350 data points) were automatically annotated. The electrically activated SVC sleeve length was asymmetric and longest at the anteroseptal SVC (27.0 to 28.0mm) and shortest at the posterolateral SVC (22.0 to 23.0mm). The sleeve length at each segment was similar in patients with and without AF, however, conduction time in the sleeve was significantly longer (76.1 ± 26.4ms vs. 61.0 ± 19.1ms; p=0.036) and conduction block more frequently pre-existing in patients with AF than in those without (3 of 34 vs. 0 of 30; p=0.047). The conduction velocity from sinus node was slower in upper direction (to SVC) than in other directions. Electrical SVC isolations were successfully achieved in all 18 patients without any complications. The conventional isolation line was a median of 20mm (IQR: 13.9 to 29.0mm) apart from and superior to the earliest activation sites during sinus rhythm. The isolated SVC sleeve length was longest at the septal SVC (median: 19.1mm [IQR: 11.8 to 24.2mm]) and shortest at the anterolateral SVC (median: 6.4mm [IQR: 0 to 11.3mm]). Ultra-high-resolution human SVC mapping demonstrated asymmetric SVC musculature sleeves and variations in the sleeve length in individual patients. Conduction disturbances were more prominent in patients with AF than in those without.

Визначення мінімально припустимої довжини рукава пожежного кран-комплекту

Визначення мінімально припустимої довжини рукава пожежного кран-комплекту

Structural performance on bolted sleeved connections between two CFS channel sections subjected to combined bending and shear

An experimental investigation was carried out to study the behavior of the sleeve connection between two cold-formed steel (CFS) channel sections subjected to combined bending and shear. A total of thirty-nine specimens including three control specimens were tested under three-point bending for different parameters such as three types of the span to section depth ratio, three different sleeve lengths, two sleeve thicknesses and two bolt configurations. Each tested specimen consisted of a pair of channel sections braced together using hot rolled angle sections along the length to ensure lateral stability. The test results indicate two different failure modes; local buckling due to combined bending and shear in the purlin section adjacent to sleeve end, and the other is shearing of the self-drilling screw at the tension zone. The moment resistance of the sleeve connection varied directly with the sleeve length to section depth ratio. The interaction study carried out between the proposed critical sleeve moment and shear capacity of the sleeve specimens is found to be conservative with respect to the AISI interaction equation. The resistance factor for load and resistance factor design (LRFD) method and safety factor for allowable strength design (ASD) method is proposed for the design of sleeve connection by considering it as a flexural member. The design uniformly distributed load (wD) of sleeve specimens having an average sleeve length to section depth ratio of 2.17, 3.51, and 4.85 are found to be 80, 103, and 125% the capacity corresponding to control specimen respectively. The proposed design method is also applicable to the design of continuous channel purlin/girt sections with 150 mm depth for any number of spans subjected to UDL.

Structural relation between the superior vena cava and pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation.

The superior vena cava (SVC) is a main source of non-pulmonary vein (PV) ectopies that initiate atrial fibrillation (AF). Although the critical role of structural remodeling of the left atrium (LA) in the occurrence of AF was extensively investigated by atrial voltage mapping, that of PVs and the SVC has been less explored. Study subjects comprised 47 patients undergoing catheter ablation of lone AF. During sinus rhythm, PV, SVC, and atrial voltage maps were acquired, and sleeve length of each PV and SVC was determined by an electroanatomical mapping system. The sleeves of the superior PVs were significantly longer than those of the inferior PVs (left superior PV (LSPV): 21 ± 5, left inferior PV: 14 ± 4, right superior PV (RSPV): 19 ± 5, right inferior PV: 15 ± 5, and SVC: 23 ± 10mm, p < 0.0001). The LSPV sleeve was longer in men than in women (22 ± 6 vs. 19 ± 4mm, p < 0.05). The sleeve length in the LSPV correlated positively with the body surface area (BSA) (p = 0.003, R = 0.42). Of note, there was a significant correlation in sleeve length between the RSPV and SVC (p < 0.0001, R = 0.64). In conclusion, not right- but left-sided PV sleeves were associated with the BSA of the patients, whereas a structural relation between the right-sided PVs and the SVC was implied based on sleeve mapping. This novel finding may provide mechanistic implications for the development of AF in future studies.

Impact of wash types and stitching parameters on shrinkage of knitwear made from pique fabric

Purpose In the field of knitwear, dimensional stability is assumed as a critical problem that affects the quality and salability of a product. Although much work has been done in this area with a focus on the factors affecting fabric shrinkage, however, there is a lack of work on knitwears with respect to their dimensional stability. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of stitching parameters and wash types on the dimensional properties of knitwear. Design/methodology/approach The crew-neck t-shirts were prepared by using pique knitted fabrics. Different sewing and finishing parameters were used that include stitch density, stitch type, stitching thread and wash type. The critical measurements of the selected garment are taken as output variables which are body width, sleeve length, body length and across shoulder. After laundering process, shrinkage percentage was calculated by using before-wash and after-wash measurements. Findings This study shows that the stitching parameters affect significantly on knitwear’s shrinkage. Thus, when patterns are being developed for the cutting of fabric, expected shrinkage, known as residual shrinkage, must be considered to avoid unexpected changes in garment shape. Originality/value This research will be useful for knitwear manufacturing industry.

해외브랜드의 남성용 스키웨어 구매현황 조사 및 사이즈체계 분석

The purpose of this study is to analyze the sizing system of men’s skiwear jackets and pants on the official website of overseas and domestic ski wear brands and to compare the sizing systems with KS K 0050 Sizing systems for male adult’s garments. The surveys was conducted to understand the purchase behavior of male skier. Five brands were selected based on the survey results. The overseas and the domestic size system of the selected brands were analyzed. The chest circumference was provided as a key measurement for the top and the waist circumference for the bottom. In addition, height, sleeve length, hip circumference, and inseam were other key measurements presented for many brand. The size ranges of chest and waist circumference that each brands covered were compared to the KS K 0050 Sizing systems. The size ranges of Japanese brands are similar to the KS Korean Industrial Standards, while the European and American brands offer a larger size range than KS.

CAD/CAM implant surgical guides: maximum errors in implant positioning attributable to the properties of the metal sleeve/osteotomy drill combination

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to provide the relevant equations and the reference tables needed for calculating the maximum errors in implant positioning attributed to the properties of the mechanical parts of any CAD/CAM implant surgical guide, especially the in-office manufactured ones.MethodsAn algorithm was developed and implemented in C programming language in order to accurately calculate the maximum error at the apex, error at the neck, vertical error at the apex and deviation of implant axis, between the planned and the actual implant position. The calculations were based on the parameters of total length (= implant length + offset), offset (distance from neck of implant to the lip of the metal sleeve), clearance (space between the bur and the sleeve), sleeve length. The variability of the parameters was constrained: (1) implant length, 8–18 mm; (2) sleeve length, 4–7 mm; (3) clearance, 50–410 μm; and (4) offset values, 6–17 mm. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to quantify the relationship between the error at the apex and the error at the neck and various predictors.ResultsThe equations used for the bespoke estimation of the errors in implant positioning along with three reference tables of the various errors tabulated are presented. The maximum error at the apex of the implant was computed 2.8 mm, the maximum deviation of the implant axis 5.9° and the maximum error at the neck (entrance) of the implant was estimated 1.5 mm. The vertical error between the planned and actual implant position can be considered negligible (< 0.1 mm).ConclusionsThe results of this study compute part of the expected differences in final clinical implant position when any CAD/CAM surgical guide is used. Given that the implantologist, with the capability of an in-office digital designed and 3d printed surgical guide, can readily decide upon the dimensions of the metal sleeve, the clearance between the osteotomy bur and the sleeve, and the design of the guide in relation to the distance of the lip of the sleeve to the implant neck (offset), in order to minimise the inevitable errors.