Adolescent Sleep Patterns Research Articles

Demographic and Socioeconomic Influences on Sleep Patterns among Adolescent Students

Although proper sleep is an important topic in adolescent health, little is known about the sleep patterns of adolescents from a longitudinal and non-Western perspective. To fill this gap, the present research conducted a longitudinal study of the impact of demographic and socioeconomic factors on sleep patterns among Korean adolescent students. The relationship could positively or negatively affect sleep. Therefore, it is important to understand which demographic and socioeconomic factors are related to sleep patterns. This study used nationally representative panel data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey. A series of descriptive analyses were conducted to provide overall characteristics of the sample. Furthermore, mixed effect regression analysis techniques were employed to test the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic factors and sleep patterns. Paternal employment status was associated with adolescent sleep patterns, while maternal employment status was not. Adolescents with both parents working compared to adolescents with one parent or none working showed different sleep patterns on weekdays but not on weekends. Both parents possessing college degrees, household income, living in an urban area, and family type were associated with adolescent sleep pattern indicators to varying degrees. Some of these associations varied according to adolescent sex. This study provides insight into the impact of demographic and socioeconomic factors on weekend and weekday sleep patterns among adolescent students by sex. These findings provide information for the promotion of healthy sleep in adolescents by addressing demographic and socioeconomic factors.

0325 Better Aerobic Fitness is Associated with Distinct Sleep Characteristics in Children and Adolescents - A Pilot Study

Abstract Introduction Aerobic fitness facilitates brain synaptic plasticity, which influences global and local sleep expression. While it is known that sleep patterns/behavior and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep slow wave activity (SWA) tracks brain maturation, little is known about how aerobic fitness and sleep interact during growth and development in children and adolescents. The aim of this pilot study was to characterize relationships among aerobic fitness, measures of global/local sleep expression, and habitual sleep patterns in children and adolescents. We hypothesized that greater aerobic fitness would be associated with better sleep quality, indicated by increased SWA. Methods Twenty healthy youth (11-17 years-old, 11 female) were evaluated during summer vacation (no school schedule constraints). Aerobic fitness (VO2peak) was measured using ramp-type progressive cycle ergometry, habitual sleep (i.e., sleep-time consistency and circadian activity patterns) was assessed with 7-day actigraphy, and ad lib sleep was evaluated during overnight polysomnography (PSG) with high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG; 128 channels). Spectral analysis was implemented to quantify SWA (0.5-4.5Hz). Data were analyzed using linear regression analyses and exploratory independent samples t-tests. Results Negative correlations were observed between VO2peak and sleep measures including sleep-time consistency (partial r=-0.53, p=0.045) and timing/acrophase of the circadian activity rhythm (partial r=-0.64, p=0.01) while controlling for sex and age. Additionally, after accounting for Tanner stage and sex, data demonstrated significant effects in SWA at frontal derivations (p=0.024) between low and high fitness levels at topographically specific and meaningful EEG derivations, e.g. over frontal cortex. Conclusion These results suggest that children and adolescents with greater fitness have less variability in sleep-times (improved sleep consistency), tend to have a more advanced circadian activity phase (i.e., go to sleep earlier), and express greater frontal SWA, supporting the hypothesis that fitness is associated with improved local and global sleep quality. Future research with larger samples is necessary to further evaluate these relationships, and to determine if interventions that improve fitness also improve sleep and related brain plasticity. Support NCATS grant #UL1TR001414 & PERC Systems Biology Fund

How Are Adolescents Sleeping? Adolescent Sleep Patterns and Sociodemographic Differences in 24 European and North American Countries

PurposeInsufficient and poor sleep patterns are common among adolescents worldwide. Up to now, the evidence on adolescent sleep has been mostly informed by country-specific studies that used different measures and age groups, making direct comparisons difficult. Cross-national data on adolescent sleep that could inform nations and international discussions are lacking. We examined the sleep patterns of adolescents across 24 countries and by gender, age, and affluence groups. MethodsWe obtained sleep data on 165,793 adolescents (mean age 13.5 years; 50.5% girls) in 24 European and North American countries from the recent cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys (2013–2014 and 2017–2018). For each country, we calculated the age-standardized mean in sleep duration, timing, and consistency and the proportions meeting sleep recommendations on school and nonschool days from self-reported bedtimes and wake times. We conducted stratified analyses by gender, age, and family affluence group. ResultsAdolescent sleep patterns varied cross-nationally. The average sleep duration ranged between 7:47 and 9:07 hours on school days and between 9:31 and 10:22 hours on nonschool days, and the proportion of adolescents meeting sleep recommendations ranged between 32% and 86% on school days and between 79% and 92% on nonschool days. Sleep patterns by gender and affluence groups were largely similar, but older adolescents slept less and went to bed later on school days than younger adolescents in all countries. ConclusionsThe sleep patterns of adolescents vary across countries and sociodemographic groups. Insufficient sleep on school days is common in many countries. Public health and policy efforts to promote healthy adolescent sleep are encouraged.

Police stops and sleep behaviors among at-risk youth

ObjectivesTo examine the association between exposure to police stops and sleep behaviors and explore whether social stigma and post-traumatic stress might inform this association. MethodsA sample of 3,444 U.S. youth from the most recent wave (2014–2017) of the Fragile Families & Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) was employed. Youth reported their sleep quantity and quality, exposure to vicarious and direct police stops, police intrusiveness during police stops, and experiences of social stigma and post-traumatic stress following the stop. ResultsThe findings suggest that youth reporting exposure to police stops exhibited significantly greater odds of sleep deprivation and low sleep quality. Among youth directly stopped by police, youth who reported intrusive police stops (e.g., frisking, harsh language, threat of force) reported significantly lower sleep quality. This association was attenuated to nonsignificance when social stigma and post-traumatic stress following the stop were taken into account. ConclusionsMulti-sector teams should carefully consider the role that intrusive police stops might play in shaping adolescent sleep patterns and promote trauma-informed law enforcement practices.

Weekly alternation of morning and afternoon school start times: implications for sleep and daytime functioning of adolescents.

To examine sleep patterns of adolescents attending school on alternating morning schedule (MS) and afternoon schedule (AS) and to explore the contribution of sleep characteristics on the AS to prediction of adolescents' daytime functioning. The Croatian adaptation of the School Sleep Habits Survey for a two-shift school system was completed by 2,033 students (11-18 years old, 54 per cent females) whose school start times alternated weekly between 08:00 am and 14:00 pm. All age groups of adolescents reported delayed sleep when on the school week with an AS as compared with a MS. The average delay of bedtime was 36 minutes, and delay of wake-up time 121 minutes, which resulted in average sleep durations from 9.80 hours in 11-year olds to 8.39 hours in 18-year olds. Having more delayed wake-up times on the AS predicted more substance use and poorer grades. Having more delayed bedtimes not only predicted poorer grades but also predicted less depressed mood. Obtaining relatively longer sleep on AS predicted lower sleepiness, less depressed mood, and less frequent substance use. The afternoon school start time enables sleep duration that is in line with adolescent sleep biology and contributes positively to daytime functioning. In many cases, a large delay in wake-up time is observed. At least part of that delay is not associated with adolescents' circadian biology and contributes negatively to some indices of their daytime functioning. Further research of factors associated with extreme delays of sleep and/or interventions that could limit extreme sleep irregularity is required.

EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA BERGAMBAR DAN PENYULUHAN METODE CERAMAH TANYA JAWAB (CTJ) TERHADAP PERILAKU MAKAN, AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN POLA TIDUR REMAJA UNDERWEIGHT TAHUN 2019

Underweight or lack of weight is state of being caused by the lack of energy intake compared with the amount og eergy expended. A lack of energy intake or consumption of essential nutrients needed by the body can be lowered activity was done by teenager. The result of the preliminary survey they that were undertaken in the senior high school 13 and 1 At Pekabaru, would be in the low teens 33 should be run as soon as many as 20 a teenager slipped to only their second underweight. The study aims to know about the effectiveness of media pictorial and counseling with the methods talk question and answer to behavior eat, physical activity dan sleep patterns undeweight teenagers in 13 and 1 Senior High School At Pekanbaru City. the kind of research used is (quasi experiment) with nonequivalent group pre-test post-test design. The Research is done at the July 2019. The population in this research is the entire fourth grade VII, VIII and IX. Use sampling tehniques is non random sampling. Instrumen on the study using by questionnaires, and data anlysis be done in univariat and bivariat. The results of study by test wicolxon and Mann Whitney test, and showed there were differences in the effectiveness of the pictorial media and counseling on question and answer lectures on changes in eating behavior, physical activity and sleep patterns of underweight adolescents in 13 and 1 Senior High School At Pekanbaru City. Schools should provide adequate outreach facilities such as picture books and powerpoints. So that counseling can be carried out smoothly and without obstacles.
 
 
 References : 49 References (2010-2016)

Longitudinal Change in Adolescent Bedtimes Measured by Self-Report and Actigraphy.

Introduction:Sleep is often quantified using self-report or actigraphy. Self-report is practical and less technically challenging, but prone to bias. We sought to determine whether these methods have comparable sensitivity to measure longitudinal changes in adolescent bedtimes.Methods:We measured one week of free-living sleep with wrist actigraphy and usual bedtime on school nights and non-school nights with self-report questionnaire in 144 students at 15 y and 17 y.Results:Self-reported and actigraphy-measured bedtimes were correlated with one another at 15 y and 17 y (p < .001), but reported bedtime was consistently earlier (>30 minutes, p < .001) and with wide inter-method confidence intervals (> ±106 minutes). Mean inter-method discrepancy did not differ on school nights at 15 y and 17 y but was greater at 17 y on non-school nights (p = .002). Inter-method discrepancy at 15 y was not correlated to that at 17 y. Mean change in self-reported school night bedtime from 15 y to 17 y did not differ from that by actigraphy, but self-reported bedtime changed less on non-school nights (p = .002). Two-year changes in self-reported bedtime did not correlate with changes measured by actigraphy.Conclusions:Although methods were correlated, consistently earlier self-reported bedtime suggests report-bias. More varied non-school night bedtimes challenge the accuracy of self-report and actigraphy, reducing sensitivity to change. On school nights, the methods did not differ in group-level sensitivity to changes in bedtime. However, lack of correlation between bedtime changes by each method suggests sensitivity to individual-level change was different. Methodological differences in sensitivity to individual- and group-level change should be considered in longitudinal studies of adolescent sleep patterns.

Depressive symptoms are associated with short and long sleep duration: A longitudinal study of Chinese adolescents

AimsSleep loss and irregular sleep patterns in adolescents are major public health concerns in the modern society. This study aimed to explore the associations between short and long sleep duration and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents. MethodsA total of 7311 adolescents who participated in the baseline survey and were followed up 1 year or 2 years later were included in the analyses. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire at baseline and follow-up surveys. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale was used to assess depressive symptoms. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) and restrictive cubic spline models were used to estimate the association between sleep duration and depressive symptoms. ResultsAfter adjusting for adolescent and family covariates, sleep duration <8 h and >=9 h on weekdays and sleep duration <8 h and >=12 h on weekends were significantly associated with depressive symptoms compared with sleep 8 h. Weekend-weekday sleep difference >=3 h or <-1 h (ie. sleeping >1 h on weekdays than weekends) was also associated with depressive symptoms. There were U-shaped relationships between sleep duration on weekdays, weekends, or weekday-weekend sleep difference and depressive symptoms. LimitationsSleep duration and depression were measured by self-report. ConclusionsOur findings highlight the risk of short and long sleep duration, and weekday-weekend sleep imbalance for depression in adolescents.

Childhood Trauma and Stressful Life Events Are Independently Associated with Sleep Disturbances in Adolescents.

Adolescence is a critical developmental period associated with an increase in stress, the appearance of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and changes in sleep patterns. Even though the disruption of sleep patterns in stress and anxiety and depressive disorders is well known, the independent effects of childhood trauma and stressful life events on sleep patterns are less understood. We tested the independent effects of stress (childhood trauma and stressful life events) while controlling for anxiety and depression on adolescent sleep patterns. Seven hundred fifty-two adolescents (age 12–15 years) completed self-report questionnaires about childhood trauma, stressful life events, anxiety, and depression. Four sleep factors identifying movement during sleep, sleep regularity, sleep disturbances, and sleep pressure were extracted in the principal component analysis of sleep questions. Both childhood trauma and recent stressful life events were significantly associated with sleep disturbances before and after controlling for anxiety and depression.

Interindividual and intraindividual variability in adolescent sleep patterns across an entire school term: A pilot study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate sleep patterns in adolescent males over a 12-week period (a 10-week school term and pre and post term holidays). DesignIntensive longitudinal design, with sleep data collected daily via actigraphy for 81 consecutive days. SettingFive Secondary Schools in Adelaide, South Australia. ParticipantsConvenience sample of 47 adolescent males aged 14 to 17 years. MeasurementsDaily sleep duration, bedtimes, rise times, and sleep efficiency were collected via actigraphy with all (except sleep efficiency) also measured by sleep diary. Mood was measured weekly with Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and weekly wellbeing with the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Age, body mass index, self-reported mood, life satisfaction, and chronotype preference assessed at baseline (pre-term holiday week) were included as covariates. ResultsDynamic Structural Equation Modeling indicated significant but small fixed-effect and random-effect auto-regressions for all sleep variables. Collectively, these findings demonstrate day-to-day fluctuations in sleep patterns, the magnitude of which varied between individuals. Age, morningness, and mood predicted some of the temporal dynamics in sleep over time but other factors (BMI, life satisfaction) were not associated with sleep dynamics. ConclusionsUsing intensive longitudinal data, this study demonstrated inter-individual and intra-individual variation in sleep patterns over 81 consecutive days. These findings provide important and novel insights into the nature of adolescent sleep and require further examination in future studies.

Adolescent sleep patterns are associated with the selection of positive and negative emotional situations

Poor sleep in youth is a risk factor for experiencing increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions, which can contribute to the development of later emotional disorders. Understanding of specific processes that produce sleep-related alterations in emotion is limited, although preliminary studies suggest changes in the ability to appropriately regulate or control emotions as one mechanism. The current study builds on this research by examining the relationship between adolescent sleep patterns and a previously unexplored emotion regulation strategy: situation selection. Situation selection strategies are implemented prior to the onset of an emotional experience via decisions to approach rewarding/positive situations or avoid unwanted/negative situations. Fifty-four healthy adolescents (ages 13-17 years) completed 1 week of actigraphy and assessments of situation selection using: (a) trait-based questionnaires; (b) daily reports; and (c) an experimental lab task where participants were given the option to watch various emotional video clips of their choice. Greater variability in sleep timing was associated with less avoidance of negative emotional situations, and a longer sleep-onset latency was associated with more avoidance of negative emotional situations. Greater variability in nightly sleep patterns was also associated with decreased tendencies to select positive emotional situations as assessed by trait questionnaires, daily reports, and the lab-based task, but only for boys. These findings add to a growing body of research on sleep and emotional experience, and provide further support for the importance of intra-individual variability of sleep patterns in youth.

Social media use and adolescent sleep patterns: cross-sectional findings from the UK millennium cohort study

ObjectivesThis study examines associations between social media use and multiple sleep parameters in a large representative adolescent sample, controlling for a wide range of covariates.DesignThe authors used cross-sectional data from...

Relationships between Sleep Patterns, Health Risk Behaviors, and Health Outcomes among School-Based Population of Adolescents: A Panel Analysis of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey

Sleep patterns among adolescents are related to health outcomes and health risk behaviors. This study aimed to describe sleep patterns of Korean adolescents and to find the association between sleep patterns and health risk behaviors and health outcomes. Using the junior high school students’ panel data (n = 2351, 12–15 years old) from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey, this study described the sleep patterns operationalized as rising time, bedtime, and sleep duration both on weekdays and weekends. The relationships of sleep patterns with health outcomes and/or health risk behaviors were tested using mixed effect linear regression for continuous health variables and using mixed effect logit regression for binary health variables. Obesity status, the number of chronic symptoms, self-rated health status, smoking, and alcohol consumption were associated with rising time on weekdays after controlling for gender, living area, and housing type. The same set of variables except for the number of chronic symptoms were associated with bedtime during the weekdays. Sleep duration during the weekdays was associated with obesity status, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Similar patterns of association between sleep pattern variables during the weekends and health-related outcome variables were found, but were less obvious than those for weekdays. Significant relationships between sleep patterns and various health-related variables were found among adolescents in Korea. The results from this study indicate that helping adolescents change their sleeping times as necessary to ensure adequate sleep should be considered important in diminishing health risk behaviors and promoting positive health outcomes.

0255 Adolescent Sleep Patterns are Associated with the Selection of Positive and Negative Emotional Situations

0255 Adolescent Sleep Patterns are Associated with the Selection of Positive and Negative Emotional Situations

Sleep in Offspring of Parents With Mood Disorders.

Background: Sleep problems in childhood are an early predictor of mood disorders among individuals at high familial risk. However, the majority of the research has focused on sleep disturbances in already diagnosed individuals and has largely neglected investigating potential differences between weeknight and weekend sleep in high-risk offspring. This study examined sleep parameters in offspring of parents with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder during both weeknights and weekends. Methods: We used actigraphy, sleep diaries, and questionnaires to measure several sleep characteristics in 73 offspring aged 4–19 years: 23 offspring of a parent with major depressive disorder, 22 offspring of a parent with bipolar disorder, and 28 control offspring. Results: Offspring of parents with major depressive disorder slept, on average, 26 min more than control offspring on weeknights (95% confidence interval, 3 to 49 min, p = 0.027). Offspring of parents with bipolar disorder slept, on average, 27 min more on weekends than on weeknights compared to controls, resulting in a significant family history × weekend interaction (95% confidence interval, 7 to 47 min, p = 0.008). Conclusions: Sleep patterns in children and adolescents were related to the psychiatric diagnosis of their parent(s). Future follow-up of these results may clarify the relations between early sleep differences and the risk of developing mood disorders in individuals at high familial risk.

“How do you sleep?” sleep in self-figure drawings of young adolescents in residential care facilities—An exploratory study

ObjectiveChildren and adolescents who are referred to residential care facilities (RCFs) have a history of neglect, abuse, or other familial or environmental deficiencies, all of which may contribute to a higher risk of sleep problems. The purpose of this study was to explore sleep patterns of young adolescents living in RCFs and to examine whether these patterns are reflected in their self-figure drawings and accompanying narrative descriptions. MethodThe study compared quantitative subjective (self-report) and objective (actigraphy) measurements of sleep patterns in young adolescents living in RCFs (n = 26) and at home (n = 33), and explored a quantitative indicators analysis of “self-figure drawing while sleeping” and qualitative analysis of accompanying narrative descriptions. ResultsAdolescents in RCFs went to bed at least an hour earlier and woke up at least half an hour earlier than their home-residing counterparts (p < 0.001). Based on actigraphy, their sleep duration and sleep latency were longer (p < 0.01). They frequently drew themselves in a closed boundary, viewed from above, and used monochromatic colors. Analysis of the narratives revealed themes of exclusion, which reflect the need to exclude oneself from threatening and anxiety-provoking experiences. ConclusionsAdolescents in RCFs take longer to fall asleep; however, imposed early sleep schedules in RCFs enable good sleep hygiene practices that allow for longer sleep duration compared with home-residing peers and can prevent additional sleep problems. The need for protection and a sense of security emerged from the drawings and the accompanying narratives.

Association between Problematic Internet Use and Sleep Disturbance among Adolescents: The Role of the Child's Sex.

Use of the Internet has become an integral part of daily life. Adolescents are especially at a higher risk of developing problematic Internet use (PIU). Although one of the most well-known comorbid conditions of PIU is sleep disturbance, little is known about the sex disparity in this association. This school-based survey in students of grades 7–9 was conducted to estimate the prevalence of PIU and sleep disturbance among Chinese adolescents, to test the association between PIU and sleep disturbance, and to investigate the role of the child’s sex in this association. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to recruit participants, and two-level logistic regression models were fitted. The mean Internet addiction test score was 37.2 (SD: 13.2), and 15.5% (736) met the criteria for PIU. After adjusting for control variables, problematic Internet users were at a higher risk of sleep disturbance (adjusted odds ratio = 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.07–3.19). Sex-stratified analyses also demonstrated that association was greater in girls than boys. In this respect, paying more attention to the sleep patterns of adolescents who report excessive Internet use is recommended, and this early identification may be of practical importance for schools, parents, and adolescents themselves.

Healthy adolescent sleep patterns for improved psychosocial and educational outcomes: A systematic review

Healthy adolescent sleep patterns for improved psychosocial and educational outcomes: A systematic review

So Much to Do Before I Sleep: Investigating Adolescent-Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Sleep.

Adolescent sleep deprivation is a pressing public health issue in the United States as well as other countries. The contexts of adolescents' lives are changing rapidly, but little is known about the factors that adolescents themselves believe affect their sleep. This study uses a social-ecological framework to investigate multiple levels of perceived influence on sleep patterns of urban adolescents. Data were drawn from interviews and surveys conducted in three California public high schools. Most participants identified homework as their primary barrier to sleep, particularly those engaged in procrastinating, multitasking, or those with extracurricular demands. Results indicate that the home context has important implications for adolescent sleep, including noise, household rules, and perceived parent values. These findings identify important areas for future research and intervention, particularly regarding the roles of parents.

Sex differences in sleep patterns and changes in 7th to 12th graders: a longitudinal follow-up study in Taiwan.

To assess the relationship between sex and the development of sleep patterns in adolescents from grade 7 to 12. We analyzed longitudinal data from annual school-based assessments of sleep habits among secondary school students in northern Taiwan. Measures of sleep patterns included sleep length on weekdays and weekends as well as weekend-weekday difference (WndD), defined as the discrepancy in the time in bed (TIB) between weekdays and weekends. Growth curve models were used to assess sex differences in sleep patterns. Associations between other covariates and sleep patterns were also explored. We found shorter weekday TIB in girls compared with boys at all time points. In contrast, girls had longer weekend TIB than boys over time except in the 12th grade. WndD was also longer in girls than boys. All interaction terms between sex and time were insignificant, indicating that developmental change across time was not statistically different for boys and girls. Several other factors, namely, parental education, pubertal development, self-perceived health, weight status, depressive symptoms, academic stress, infrequent exercise, and substance use, were also found to be associated with sleep patterns. Our findings show a sex difference in TIB both on weekdays and weekends. No sex difference was found in the development of sleep patterns over time.