Sleep Latency Research Articles

No negative impact of a vibro-tactile supine-avoidance alarm on sleep onset latency following supine posture shifts during sleep.

It is unclear to what extent posture shifts during sleep are associated with prior arousal and full awakening, and if supine-avoidance alarms to discourage supine sleep promote more extended wake following supine alarms. Thus, this study sought to examine relationships between posture shifts, arousals and awakenings, and to establish if a vibro-tactile supine-avoidance alarm delays the return to sleep following supine posture shifts. Detailed posture shift and sleep data from a chest-worn device with an inactive or active supine-avoidance alarm, and in-home sleep study data were from 37 participants who completed a randomised controlled trial of supine-avoidance device treatment for supine-predominant obstructive sleep apnea. Posture shifts, sleep, arousal and awakening responses, and sleep onset latency following posture shifts were compared between baseline and supine-avoidance treatment nights. Compared to baseline, there was a marked reduction in overnight supine time with active supine-avoidance treatment. Around 90% of posture shifts were preceded by either wake, arousal or full awakening. Sleep onset latency was longer for posture shifts occurring from prior wake compared to those from prior sleep but was not different between baseline or supine-avoidance treatment nights or between shifts from non-supine to supine or vice-versa. Most overnight posture shifts are associated with either prior wake or brief arousal, which likely facilitates co-ordinated body movements needed for effective posture shifts. Thus, sleep is typically already interrupted around the time that supine-avoidance alarms are activated, and the alarm itself does not significantly delay the return to sleep.

Minimal changes in sleep parameters during overnight ambulatory blood pressure monitoring do not affect outcomes.

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is considered the gold standard for assessing blood pressure; however, its use may potentially disrupt sleep. Previous studies have produced mixed results on the impact of ABPM on sleep parameters and used actigraphy as the evaluating tool. To date, no studies have investigated the effects of ABPM on sleep parameters evaluated through polysomnography. This study aimed to examine the effects of ABPM on objectively assessed sleep parameters. We evaluated five women and five men (age: 38.0 ± 15.0 years; BMI: 27.0 ± 3.5kg/m²) using full polysomnography over two nights in a sleep laboratory-one night with ABPM and one night without it, with nocturnal assessments every 30min. The order of the conditions was randomized, with intervals between nights ranging from 3 to 10 days. N2 sleep was significantly longer during the night with ABPM compared to the night without it (66.4 ± 12.4% vs. 57.7 ± 11.3%, p < 0.003). Conversely, the apnea-hypopnea index was higher on the night without ABPM (13.1 ± 21.2 vs. 10.5 ± 19.8 events/hour, p < 0.005). Participants did not rate the night with ABPM as worse than the night without, and no significant differences were observed in total sleep time, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, number of awakenings, or time awake after sleep onset. ABPM does not appear to adversely affect significant objective sleep parameters or subjective evaluations of sleep quality.

Nurse-delivered brief behavioral treatment for insomnia in cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial.

To determine the efficacy of nurse-delivered brief behavioral treatment for insomnia (BBTI) compared to an attention control, in a heterogeneous sample of cancer survivors to reduce insomnia symptom severity. We recruited 132 participants from cancer care clinics, who had an Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score ≥ 8. Participants were randomized into two groups: an experimental BBTI group and a healthy eating attention control group. Demographics survey at baseline, and sleep-related questionnaires, self-reported sleep diaries, and wrist-worn actigraphy at baseline, 1, 3, and 12months were collected. Statistical analyses used analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models with two-sided 0.05 nominal significance level for treatment effect for primary outcome of insomnia severity at 1month. Participants were cancer survivors with a mean age of 63.7years, 55% female, 88.6% white, with breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancer. Statistically significant group differences were observed at all time points for ISI and sleep quality (ISI effect sizes 0.56, 0.59, and 0.54 respectively). Additionally, at 1month, those in insomnia remission (ISI ≤ 8) were higher for the BBTI (55.1%) compared to the control group (43.3%). Secondary outcomes from sleep diary measures (i.e., sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset) were significant at 1month. The BBTI group was significantly effective in reducing insomnia severity and improving sleep quality over time compared to the control among cancer survivors. Clinical trials identifier: http://ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03810365. Implementing BBTI in survivorship settings can effectively address and manage insomnia symptoms, thus bridging a crucial gap in care for cancer survivors.

Coffee&amp;apos;s Health Benefits for Human Diet

Coffee is the most popular beverage in the world and the most consumed caffeinated beverage after water and tea. It contains a combination of several chemical components that, with the health benefits, most consumers start the day with at least one cup of coffee after eating and end the working day with coffee. It is considered an important part of modern-day life because it has an alarming effect on the human brain. In contrast, different groups report. They face unequal health risks and are therefore reluctant to drink coffee, suggesting individual differences in coffee intolerance. The purpose of this study was to briefly summarize the health benefits and risks of coffee consumption. Most informative reports suggest that long-term consumption of coffee and decaffeinated coffee can reduce the risk of many diseases. Among them, it is used to improve our physical performance, burn fat, reduce the risk of stroke, liver, prostate and colorectal cancer by 20%, the risk of Parkinson&amp;apos;s disease by 25%. the risk of dementia and protect our mind, brighten our mood, help fight depression and minimize the risk of suicide by 50%. In addition, coffee drinkers have a lower risk of heart disease, with highly integrated DNA. It has also been reported that coffee consumption naturally lengthens sleep latency, decreases total sleep duration and efficiency, and worsens putative sleep functions. However, from the positive health perspective of coffee consumption, a recent study reveals that coffee consumption does not always provide protective benefits, since excessive consumption is associated with a negative impact or risk to our health. Some negative effects of coffee consumption on our health: reduces appetite, affects pregnant women, people with cholesterol, causes insomnia and restlessness, breast tissue cysts in women, digestive disorders related to incontinence and risk of headache In addition, it reduces the likelihood of fertility in women and men, causes allergies and abortions, violent heart contractions, anxiety, depression and the need for anti-anxiety drugs, inhibits the production of collagen in human skin, improves the hearing loss. it does not help with prolonged sleep deprivation, it interferes with ossification and may even lead to an increased risk of bone fracture. Finally, more recent studies have reported that the consumption of coffee is beneficial for our health when it is optimal, about four glasses on average. Further research will be crucial to clarify the health benefits and risks of coffee consumption.

Umbrella Review and Meta-Analysis: The Efficacy of Nonpharmacological Interventions for Sleep Disturbances in Children and Adolescents.

We conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews (SRs) - with or without meta-analysis (MA) - of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing non-pharmacological sleep interventions for children and adolescents across various clinical populations. We searched multiple electronic databases up to 24/01/24. Meta-analyzable data from RCTs in the retrieved SRs/MAs were pooled using Metaumbrella. Primary outcomes were subjective/objective child sleep parameters. Additional outcomes included child health/functioning and parental sleep/health. The quality of the MAs/SRs was assessed with AMSTAR-2, and the certainty of evidence using GRADE. We included 93 SRs/MAs covering 393 RCTs, with 25 (17%, 39% and 30%: high, moderate, and low quality) providing data for quantitative synthesis. Behavioral interventions, usually multicomponent including parent training, psychoeducation, and/or specific sleep therapy/strategies, showed beneficial effects on night waking, sleep duration, overall sleep disturbance, mood/depression, and maternal sleep quality (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.10 to 0.80) in participants with sleep problems without a formal sleep disorder diagnosis. For those with a formal diagnosis (mainly insomnia), benefits were found for night waking, sleep efficiency (subjective/actigraphically measured), and sleep onset latency (mean SMD: 0.49 to 0.97). Those with ADHD improved in bedtime resistance, night waking, parasomnias, sleep anxiety, ADHD symptoms, sleep disturbance, and quality of life (mean SMD: 0.18 to 0.49). For those with autism, sleep disturbance improved (mean SMD: 0.70). However, all findings were of low to very low certainty of evidence. Among non-pharmacological interventions for sleep difficulties in youth, only behavioral interventions are supported by meta-analytic evidence, yet with small to moderate effect sizes and limited certainty of evidence.

Epidemiology of narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia in Japan: A retrospective analysis of health insurance claims from the Japan Medical Data Center

BackgroundEstimation of prevalence and incidence of narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is challenging owing to symptomatic overlap, underdiagnosis, and misdiagnosis, and epidemiological data are lacking in Asian populations. We estimated the prevalence and incidence of narcolepsy and IH in Japan. MethodsThe Japan Medical Data Center (JMDC) database includes healthcare claims data for employed individuals ≤74 years of age. Narcolepsy and IH cases were defined by ≥2 diagnosis codes within 12 months, or a multiple sleep latency test with ≥1 diagnosis code within 12 months. Estimated point-prevalences of diagnosed narcolepsy and IH were calculated for December 31, 2019. Incidences of narcolepsy and IH were estimated for the period January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019. ResultsOf 7,075,869 individuals enrolled in the database on December 31, 2019, 6,110,751 (86.4 %) had ≥12 months’ continuous enrollment and were eligible for inclusion in the prevalence population. Age-sex standardized overall prevalences of narcolepsy and IH were 37.5 (95 % confidence intervals 35.9–39.1) and 7.7 (7.0–8.4) per 100,000 persons, respectively. Prevalence for both conditions peaked at age 20–29 years and declined with increasing age. Age-sex standardized overall incidences of narcolepsy and IH were 5.1 (4.8–5.4) and 1.2 (1.0–1.5) per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Narcolepsy and IH incidences peaked in the 10–19 and 20–29 years age groups then declined with increasing age. ConclusionsThis claims-based study provides updated estimates for the prevalence and incidence of narcolepsy in Japan, and the first estimates for prevalence and incidence of IH in Japan.

Child sleep onset latency mediates parental depression and noncompliance in autistic children

BackgroundParents diagnosed with depression often report that their children have difficulty following rules and falling asleep. Parents with depression are less likely to be consistent or enforce bedtimes, resulting in the child having fewer bedtime rules and getting less sleep. Over time this may mean the child develops poor sleep habits and difficulty falling asleep. Although these relationships have yet to be studied in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), it is an important area given that approximately 80 % of autistic children have sleep difficulties. MethodsThe current study examined whether parent-reported child sleep onset latency (SOL) mediated the relationship between parental depression and child noncompliance. The sample (N=34) consisted of parents (82 % female) reporting on their children aged 6–12 (M=8.63, SD = 2.00; 76.5 % male). All children were diagnosed with ASD and had parent-reported sleep complaints. Measures included the Child Sleep Health Questionnaire (CSHQ), the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC), and a question asking if the parent had been diagnosed with depression (yes/no). ResultsGreater parent-reported child SOL significantly mediated the relation between increased parental depression and greater noncompliance. ConclusionsThese results suggest that difficulty falling asleep may help to explain why children of parents who have depression are noncompliant.

Meal Timing and Sleep Health Among Midlife Mexican Women During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study aimed to examine associations between meal timing habits and sleep health in midlife Mexican women. Data comprised 379 midlife Mexican women who participated in a phone survey conducted within the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) project during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Women answered questions related to meal habits and sleep duration, latency, and quality. We used linear regression to investigate the associations between meal timing, frequency of meals/snacks, eating window (duration between first and last eating occasion of the day), duration between last meal, bedtime, sleep duration, and logistic regression to examine the associations between meal timing, sleep latency, and sleep quality, adjusting for confounders. Later timing of meals throughout the day, and a shorter interval between the last meal of the day and bedtime, were associated with prolonged sleep latency and worse sleep quality. Associations with sleep duration were mixed: a longer eating window and a later largest and last meal were each associated with shorter sleep duration, while a later first meal and a shorter interval between the last meal of the day and bedtime were associated with longer sleep duration. Meal timing habits are associated with sleep duration, latency, and quality in midlife women.

Evaluating the performance of open-source and proprietary processing of actigraphy sleep estimation in children with suspected sleep disorders: A comparison with polysomnography.

Evaluate the performance of actigraphy-based open-source and proprietary sleep algorithms compared to polysomnography in children with suspected sleep disorders. In a sleep clinic, 110 children (5-12 years, 54% female, 50% Black, 82% with sleep disorders) wore wrist-placed ActiGraph GT9X during overnight polysomnography. Actigraphy data were scored as sleep or wake using open-source GGIR and proprietary ActiLife software. Discrepancy and epoch-by-epoch analyses were conducted to assess agreement between algorithms and polysomnography, along with equivalence testing. The open-source vanHees2015 algorithm showed good accuracy (79.5% ± 12.0%), sensitivity (81.1% ± 13.5%), and specificity (66.0% ± 23.8%) for sleep detection but was outperformed by the proprietary ActiLife algorithms. The magnitude and trend of bias for total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, and wake after sleep onset were similar between algorithms. Total sleep time and sleep efficiency were statistically equivalent for the Cole-Kripke (Actilife) and vanHees2015 algorithms compared to the Sadeh (Actilife) algorithm. The Cole-Kripke (ActiLife) demonstrated higher sensitivity (90.5%) to detect sleep but lower specificity (61.2%) than Cole-Kripke (GGIR) (sensitivity: 62.7%, specificity: 79.9%). Sadeh and Cole-Kripke estimated sleep outcomes were not statistically equivalent between implementations in ActiLife and GGIR. The open-source vanHees2015 algorithm performed well but slightly worse than the proprietary ActiLife algorithms in children. The open-source nature vanHees2015 makes it ideal for clinical pediatric use. Implementation of the Sadeh and Cole-Kripke algorithms in the proprietary ActiLife and open-source GGIR software yield different sleep estimates, so comparisons between studies using these different implementations should be avoided.

Psychostimulants for hypersomnia (excessive daytime sleepiness) in myotonic dystrophy.

Excessive daytime sleepiness is a common symptom of myotonic dystrophy. Psychostimulants are drugs that are increasingly used to treat hypersomnia in myotonic dystrophy. To assess the effects of psychostimulants in myotonic dystrophy patients with hypersomnia. We searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP on 5 January 2023. We also checked the bibliographies of identified papers and made enquiries of the authors of the papers. We considered all randomised controlled trials that have evaluated any type of psychostimulant (versus a placebo or no treatment) in children or adults with myotonic dystrophy, confirmed by clinical and electromyographic diagnostic, or genetic testing, and hypersomnia. Two review authors independently scrutinised potentially relevant papers for study inclusion, with any disagreements resolved by discussion. Two review authors independently performed data extraction. We obtained unpublished data from some study authors. We assessed the methodological quality of trials and applied GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence. Review authors did not contribute to eligibility or risk of bias assessment or data extraction of trials in which they had participated. When cross-over trials were included in the analysis, treatment effects were summarised as mean difference (MD) between treatment effects and standard error, and analysed by generic inverse variance. We included six trials (136 participants). All studies included only adult outpatients, aged from 18 to 70 years old, and followed them only in the short term (up to four weeks). Five trials had a cross-over design. We judged five trials as being at low risk of bias. Primary outcome Data for mean improvement in the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test were available from three trials. The MD was 3.59 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.06 to 7.24) minutes, and there was marked heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 71%). We downgraded the certainty of evidence to very low for inconsistency and imprecision. Secondary outcomes Data for mean improvement in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were available from five trials. The MD was -2.55 (95% CI -4.00 to -1.11, P < 0.001) in favour of modafinil with considerable heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 80%). We downgraded the certainty of evidence to low for inconsistency. The effects of psychostimulants on excessive daytime sleepiness as assessed by the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MD -1.82, 95% CI -5.57 to 1.93; P = 0.34; very low certainty evidence) and on quality of life (MD 1.27, 95% CI -3.63 to 6.17; I2 = 0%; very low certainty evidence) were very uncertain. The risk ratio for experiencing adverse events was 1.70 (95% CI 0.75 to 3.85; P = 0.20; I2 = 0%; low certainty evidence). No trial evaluated our primary or secondary outcomes in the long term. We were not able to perform planned subgroup analyses as none of the trials provided relevant data. In myotonic dystrophy, the effects of psychostimulants on excessive daytime sleepiness as assessed by the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test or Multiple Sleep Latency Test and on quality of life are very uncertain. Psychostimulants may improve hypersomnia as self-evaluated by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and may increase the risk of adverse events. More randomised trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of psychostimulants in both the short and long term.

Exploring the impact of aerobic exercise on sleep quality in older adults: A systematic review

Problem: Sleep disturbances are common and impact health, yet the most effective exercise modalities for improving sleep quality remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic and resistance training in enhancing sleep quality and related health outcomes. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of various exercise modalities, including aerobic and resistance training, in improving sleep quality and related health indices, and to determine the most helpful techniques for managing sleep disruptions in old. Methods: This study utilized a systematic literature review approach, gathering and analyzing scientific articles on the effects of exercise on athlete immune function. Articles were sourced from Scopus using search terms such as "aerobic exercise" OR "aerobic training" OR "cardiovascular exercise" OR "endurance exercise" AND "sleep quality" OR "sleep disturbance" OR "sleep improvement" OR "sleep duration" OR "sleep patterns" OR "insomnia" AND "elderly" OR "older adults" OR "aging population" OR "senior citizens" OR "aged" AND "effect" OR "impact" OR "outcome" OR "influence" with a focus on studies published within the past five years that evaluate exercise interventions on immune enhancement in athletes. After collecting relevant articles, descriptive analysis was conducted to identify consistent patterns and findings. Results: Aerobic exercise was consistently the most effective intervention for improving overall sleep quality, including sleep efficiency, duration, and deep sleep, along with cognitive function and inflammation markers. Resistance and combined training also demonstrated significant benefits, with resistance training enhancing sleep onset latency and duration. These findings highlight exercise as a versatile, non-pharmacological approach to improving sleep health in diverse populations. Aerobic exercise was consistently the most effective intervention for improving overall sleep quality, including sleep efficiency, duration, and deep sleep, along with cognitive function and inflammation markers. Resistance and combined training also demonstrated significant benefits, with resistance training enhancing sleep onset latency and duration. These findings highlight exercise as a versatile, non-pharmacological approach to improving sleep health in diverse populations. Conclusion: This systematic study suggests that aerobic exercise improves sleep quality in older persons. Sleep disturbances decreased and sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and sleep start latency improved in multiple studies.

Different regulative effects of high- and low-frequency external trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) on sleep activity: Preliminary study

Study objectiveWith the growing prominence of peripheral nerve stimulation technology, the clinical applications and potential neurophysiological mechanisms of external trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) have garnered increasing attention. Despite its status as the sole neuromodulation method commonly employed in sleep, no studies have explored the effects of eTNS at varying frequencies on sleep activities. This study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of high-frequency and low-frequency eTNS on sleep activities using polysomnography. MethodsIn this within-subjects experiment, 20 participants underwent a night of adaptation sleep, followed by 8-h sessions of sham, 120Hz-, and 2Hz-eTNS interventions in a randomized order in the sleep laboratory, with polysomnographic signals collected throughout. ResultsThe results indicated that 120Hz-eTNS significantly improved sleep efficiency, increased N2 sleep proportion, and reduced sleep latency, without significantly affecting sleep stage transition probabilities, sleep duration, or sleep-specific wave activities. Conversely, while 2Hz-eTNS did not impact sleep efficiency or latency, it increased the proportion of N3 sleep, stabilizes N3 sleep, and enhanced the survival probability of N3 and REM sleep duration. Additionally, it increases the density of slow oscillations (SOs), improved the coupling ratio of SO-spindles, and enhanced coupling timing accuracy. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that eTNS during sleep can indeed modulate sleep activities, with different frequencies exerting distinct regulatory effects. This may hold significant value for advancing the clinical application and efficacy of eTNS.

Opposite effects of low and high frequency deep brain stimulation of lateral hypothalamus on arousal and temperature in a monkey pilot study

Deep brain stimulation is a well-established treatment for improving motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. However, persistent non-motor symptoms, such as excessive daytime sleepiness, remain a significant challenge and necessitate further investigation. In this study, we conducted repeated measurements of daytime sleepiness using a modified multiple sleep latency test in a healthy monkey (macaca fascicularis), which was later rendered parkinsonian through MPTP administration. Deep brain stimulation targeting the lateral hypothalamic area revealed frequency-dependent modulation of both sleepiness level and core body temperature. High-frequency stimulation (80 Hz) increased sleepiness in the healthy state, while low-frequency stimulation (20 Hz) promoted wakefulness in the parkinsonian state. These findings suggest a promising therapeutic approach for addressing sleep/wake disturbances, not only in Parkinson’s disease but also in other severe sleep disorders.

The association of objective daytime sleepiness with impaired glucose metabolism in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a multi-omics study.

To examine the joint effect of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and objective excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) on glucose metabolism and the underlying mechanisms. We included 127 patients with OSA. The multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) were used to assess objective and subjective EDS, respectively. Disordered glucose metabolism was defined as either a physician diagnosis or having fasting blood glucose levels ≥ 5.6 mmol/L. Values of fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) higher than the median values of our sample were defined as high fasting insulin and insulin resistance. Serum metabolomics and fecal microbiota were used to explore underlying mechanisms. Lower MSLT values were associated with higher levels of fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR. Furthermore, objective EDS was associated with increased odds of disordered glucose metabolism, elevated fasting insulin, and insulin resistance. Dysregulation of serum valine degradation and dysbiosis of fecal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron were associated with impaired glucose metabolism in OSA with objective EDS. No association between subjective EDS and impaired glucose metabolism was observed. OSA with objective, but not subjective, EDS is associated with an increased risk of disordered glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Dysregulation of valine degradation and dysbiosis of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron appear to link objective EDS and disordered glucose metabolism in OSA.

Influence of sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, circadian features and motor subtypes on depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease

ObjectivesThe diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is mainly based on the assessment of motor symptoms, although the influence of non-motor symptoms sometimes may be more significant on the patient's disability than the cardinal clinical signs of the disease. The predominant subtype of postural instability and gait disturbance is known to be associated with more severe non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Yet, the association between motor subtypes and specific mood symptoms remains understudied. The study aimed to analyze an association between sleep and chronotype signs, motor subtypes, with the severity of depressive symptoms in PD patients. MethodsWe have included 64 patients in the clinical study. The studied population was divided into the following groups: PIGD group – patients with PD and dominance of postural instability and gait disorders; non-PIGD group – patients with PD and dominance of tremor or intermediate motor subtype. We used the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. ResultsPatients with the PIGD subtype have higher levels of depressive symptoms and excessive daytime sleepiness, poorer sleep quality, later sleep onset and mid-sleep, longer sleep latency, and sleep inertia. PIGD motor subtype (p < 0.001), poor sleep quality (p < 0.001), mid-sleep (p = 0.016), and sleep latency (p = 0.025) had a significant impact on the level of depression in univariate regression analysis. Still, only mid-sleep (p = 0.019) and poor sleep quality (p = 0.003) increased the probability of higher severity of depression in the multivariate model. ConclusionPoor sleep quality and later mid-sleep may be predictors of more severe depressive symptoms in PD.

The relationship between sleep quality and happiness among preclinical students in a medical school

Sleep quality significantly impacts both mental and physical well-being. Sleep disorders are prevalent, especially among medical students, who often overlook the importance of good sleep. This study aimed to examine sleep quality, assess happiness levels, and explore the relationship between sleep quality and happiness among preclinical students. A cross-sectional study was conducted with preclinical students (Year 1 and Year 2 of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) from Manipal University College Malaysia. An online questionnaire was distributed, covering demographic data, sleep quality (measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and happiness (assessed using the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire). Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS, with multiple linear regression used to evaluate the relationship between sleep quality and happiness. A sample of 305 participants, comprising 66.6% females and 33.4% males, participated in the study. Sleep latency analysis revealed that 25.9% of students fell asleep within 30-45 minutes, while 6.2% took 5-6 hours. Most students (55.4%) rated their sleep as fairly good, and 43.3% slept 6-7 hours per night. A significant majority (81.3%) had high sleep efficiency (&amp;#62;85%). The study found that 66.6% experienced minor sleep disturbances. The happiness score revealed that 53% of participants were moderately happy, with family playing a crucial role in their happiness. In the multiple linear regression analysis, the p-value for subjective sleep quality was 0.005, and for daytime dysfunction, it was less than 0.001. Both subjective sleep quality and daytime dysfunction scores significantly predicted happiness levels.: A significant association was found between subjective sleep quality, daytime dysfunction, and happiness. Preclinical students with better sleep reported higher happiness levels. Interventions to improve sleep quality, such as counselling sessions, may enhance student well-being and academic performance.

Dimdazenil for the treatment of insomnia: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder affecting approximately 10-20% of adults worldwide. Despite various available treatment modalities, significant gaps remain in improving sleep maintenance and reducing functional impairments. To systematically review and synthesize studies on the efficacy and safety of Dimdazenil for the treatment of insomnia. A comprehensive search of multiple databases and websites was conducted to identify published and unpublished trials from inception to July 19, 2024. Due to the limited number of studies available, quantitative data were synthesized narratively. This synthesis included four randomized controlled trials. The primary efficacy endpoints of these studies met the predetermined criteria for superiority. Dimdazenil significantly improved certain objective and subjective sleep measures in patients with insomnia, including reduced sleep latency and longer total sleep duration. Importantly, these outcomes were achieved without causing significant excessive daytime drowsiness or impairing daytime functionality. Furthermore, Dimdazenil demonstrated a generally acceptable safety profile and was well tolerated. Most evaluation indicators related to withdrawal symptoms, drug residues, and rebound effects did not show significant statistical differences. The number of included studies and sample sizes were small, and there is a lack of data on the long-term efficacy and safety of Dimdazenil. Dimdazenil offers significant benefits in improving sleep onset and maintenance in patients with insomnia. It presents a favorable safety and tolerability profile while preserving daytime functioning. Future studies should extend the duration and scale to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of Dimdazenil across diverse populations.

Assessment of psychometric properties of the Dari version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) among Afghans

BackgroundSleep helps in improving the functions of all systems of human body. Disturbance in sleep can cause immediate adverse effects on normal human physiologic functions. Main objective of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Dari version of the of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) among general adult population of Afghanistan.MethodsThis methodological study has been conducted during July to November 2023. Reliability and validity of PSQI were evaluated using Cronbach’s Alpha and confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to assess the convergent validity of the components of PSQI, comparing results with those obtained from the DASS-21 subdomains.ResultsIn this cross-sectional study, 965 Afghan adults were studied during five months of duration between July and November, 2023. Mean age of the study participants was 35.2 years. The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 44.6% (430/965). Among them, 59.3% (572/965) reported experiencing subjective sleep quality disturbances less than once a week, 36.2% (349/965) had sleep latency issues less than once a week, 17.6% (170/965) had sleep duration disruption once or twice a week, while 36.3% (350/965) had daytime dysfunction less than once a week. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the seven-component scale was 0.677, indicating acceptable internal consistency. Substantial and statistically significant positive correlations were present among the component of PSQI subjective sleep quality and sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication, daytime dysfunction, DASS-Depression, DASS-Anxiety, and DASS-Stress. The overall PSQI exhibited favorable fit indices, supporting the proposed single-factor structure among adult Afghan population.ConclusionPrevalence of sleep disturbance was very high among adult population of Afghanistan. This study provided useful information that will help policy makers (such as ministry of public health as well as international donor agencies like WHO, USAID, and UNICEF) to design a better strategy to reduce the prevalence of sleep disturbance that affects health of the Afghan community at large.

The Bidirectional Relationship Between Sleep and Pain in Crohn's Disease: A Daily Diary Study.

Pain is common in Crohn's disease (CD) even after endoscopic healing is achieved. Depression, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and worry about pain impact the pain experience. There is a bidirectional relationship between sleep and pain, though it has received minimal attention in CD. Herein, we sought to comprehensively assess this relationship in CD using daily diaries. Patients with active symptoms of insomnia and CD were recruited as part of an ongoing clinical trial. Participants completed 14-day diaries on sleep patterns and CD symptoms. Temporal associations between sleep and pain were assessed using cross-lagged path analysis and controlled for age, sex, and menstrual cycle. Overall, 26 participants completed 14-day diaries. All assessed aspects of sleep continuity disturbance were associated with worse next-day abdominal pain (Ps < 0.01). When assessed microlongitudinally, sleep onset latency predicted next-day pain (P = 0.07) and vice versa (P = 0.03). Similarly, nightly awakenings predicted next day pain (P = 0.02) and vice versa (P = 0.04). Sleep efficiency (P = 0.003), sleep quality (P < 0.001), and total sleep time (P = 0.04) predicted next-day pain whereas models with pain as the predictor were not significant. Sleep continuity and abdominal pain are closely related, with sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and sleep quality potentially driving next-day abdominal pain. As interventions for pain in IBD are limited, it may be important to capitalize on the impact of sleep disturbances on pain to optimize overall wellbeing in people with CD.

Sleep schedules and MSLT-based diagnosis of narcolepsy type 2 and idiopathic hypersomnia: Exploring potential associations in a large clinical sample.

Differential diagnosis of narcolepsy type 2 and idiopathic hypersomnia relies on the frequency of sleep-onset rapid eye movement periods observed on the Multiple Sleep Latency Test. This study investigated whether variations in sleep schedules, particularly delayed sleep-wake patterns, contribute to the diagnostic distinction between narcolepsy type 2 and idiopathic hypersomnia. The study included 871 patients aged 18-39 years (316 with narcolepsy type 2, 555 with idiopathic hypersomnia). These patients were diagnosed based on MSLT results following polysomnography from November 2013 to November 2017. Patients' sleep habits, including bedtime and wake-up times on weekdays and weekends during the 2 weeks preceding the polysomnography/Multiple Sleep Latency Test, were assessed using self-reported sleep logs. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with narcolepsy type 2 diagnosis. The analysis revealed that being male (p < 0.001), younger age (p < 0.001), shorter weekday sleep duration (p < 0.05), and a delayed weekday sleep midpoint time (p < 0.01) were significantly associated with a diagnosis of narcolepsy type 2. The study suggests that the conventionally fixed schedule of polysomnography and Multiple Sleep Latency Test administration may have contributed to the increased occurrence of sleep-onset rapid eye movement periods particularly in individuals with a delayed sleep-wake schedule.