Slave Machine Research Articles

Application of stable consistency wavelength in optimizing gasoline RON near‐infrared analysis model transfer

AbstractThe purpose of model transfer is to solve the problem that multivariate calibration models cannot be shared among different near‐infrared spectrometers. Taking gasoline as the research object, the transfer analysis of its octane number model was carried out. The gasoline samples collected by two near‐infrared spectrometers of the same type were used as the research object. The screening wavelengths with consistent and stable signals (SWCSS) combined with competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), uninformative variable elimination (UVE), and successive projections algorithm (SPA) were used to reduce the adverse effects of invalid wavelengths in the SWCSS method; therefore, the analysis ability of the master model to the slave samples was improved. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models based on SWCSS‐UVE, SWCSS‐CARS, and SWCSS‐SPA algorithms were established, and comparison was made between their analytical capabilities for slave samples and those of SWCSS, direct standardization (DS) algorithm , piecewise direct standardization (PDS) algorithm, and slope/bias (S/B) algorithm. The results shown that the SWCSS‐UVE and SWCSS‐CARS methods can be used to establish models from the 231 and 6 wavelengths selected from the consistent wavelengths, respectively. The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of the gasoline octane number (RON) content of the direct analysis of the spectrum measured by the slave machine was reduced from 5.7490 to 0.3226 and 0.3250, respectively, which was better than the single SWCSS and DS, PDS, and SWCSS‐SPA methods, and was close to the model transfer accuracy of the S/B algorithm. The transfer accuracy of SWCSS‐UVE and SWCSS‐CARS was not much different, but the wavelength variable involved in the model transfer of the latter was much smaller than that of the former, and the AIC value of SWCSS‐CARS was −59.59, which was much smaller than the akaike information criterion (AIC) value of SWCSS‐UVE 398.42.

DIAGNOSING AND COUNTERACTING NETWORK THREATS

Information security in cloud services is one of the most important issues that has attracted much research and development over the last few years. In particular, attackers can investigate the vulnerabilities of the cloud system and compromise virtual machines to deploy further large-scale distributed malware (DDoS). DDoS attacks typically include early-stage actions such as multi-stage exploitation, low-frequency vulnerability scanning, and compromising of identified vulnerable virtual machines as subordinate, and finally DDoS attacks through compromised virtual machines. In a cloud system, especially infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) clouds, detecting attacks from such slave machines is extremely difficult. This is because cloud users can install vulnerable programs on their virtual machines. To avoid the compromise of vulnerable virtual machines in the cloud, a multiphase mechanism for detecting, measuring and selecting a countermeasure based on analytical models based on well-established countermeasures based on a virtual network is proposed. System and safety assessments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed solution.

Design of Multi-Line Elastic Belt Conveying Control System for Knitting Machine Based on I2C Protocol

In order to solve the problems of fixed speed, single-way conveying, conveying speed and loom speed mismatch of knitting machine elastic belt conveying device, a design scheme of multi-line elastic band conveying control system based on I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) communication is proposed. The scheme realizes the real-time communication between the control host and the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal output slave through the I2C protocol communication of the master-slave MCU (Microcontroller Unit). The slave machine controls the stepper motor through the subdivision circuit and the drive circuit, and uses the stepping motor to speed up and down the differential. Algorithm and speed matching algorithm to realize multi-speed variable speed elastic belt conveyor control system with good speed matching. At the same time, because I2C protocol has easy scalability, it can realize multi-channel through bus analog communication and expansion between MCU I/O ports. delivery. Finally, by setting up simulation experiments, it is verified that the speed matching between the stepping motor and the knitting machine needle is better. When the stepping motor driver (TB6600) is 32 subdivided and the duty ratio of the PWM signal is 60%, the motor speed is stable, low vibration and noise. The system can play a positive role in improving fabric tightness, improving fabric production efficiency and adjusting fabric morphology.

FPO tree and DP3 algorithm for distributed parallel Frequent Itemsets Mining

Frequent Itemsets Mining is a fundamental mining model in Data Mining. It supports a vast range of application fields and can be employed as a key calculation phase in many other mining models such as Association Rules, Correlations, Classifications, etc. Many distributed parallel algorithms have been introduced to confront with very large-scale datasets of Big Data. However, the problems of running time and memory scalability still have not had adequate solutions for very large and “hard-to-mined” datasets. In this paper, we propose a distributed parallel algorithm named DP3 (Distributed PrePostPlus) which parallelizes the state-of-the-art algorithm PrePost+ and operates in Master-Slaves model. Slave machines mine and send local frequent itemsets and support counts to the Master for aggregations. In the case of tremendous numbers of itemsets transferred between the Slaves and Master, the computational load at the Master, therefore, is extremely heavy if there is not the support from our complete FPO tree (Frequent Patterns Organization) which can provide optimal compactness for light data transfers and highly efficient aggregations with pruning ability. Processing phases of the Slaves and Master are designed for memory scalability and shared-memory parallel in Work-Pool model so as to utilize the computational power of multi-core CPUs. We conducted experiments on both synthetic and real datasets, and the empirical results have shown that our algorithm far outperforms the well-known PFP and other three recently high-performance ones Dist-Eclat, BigFIM, and MapFIM.

A Soft Master-Slave Robot Mimicking Octopus Arm Structure Using Thin Artificial Muscles and Wire Encoders

An octopus arm with a flexible structure and no rigid skeleton shows a high degree of freedom and flexibility. These excellent features are suitable for working in an environment having fragile and unknown-shaped objects. Therefore, a soft robot arm resembling an octopus arm can be useful as a harvesting machine without damaging crops in the agricultural field, as a rehabilitation apparatus in the welfare field, as a safe surgery tool in the medical field, and so on. Unlike industrial robots, to consider the applications of the soft robot arm, the instructions for it relating to a task cannot in many cases be given as a numerical value, and the motion according to an operator’s sense and intent is useful. This paper describes the design and feedback control of a soft master-slave robot system. The system is configured with two soft rubber machines; one is a slave machine that is the soft robot arm mimicking the muscle arrangement of the octopus arm by pneumatic artificial muscles, and the other is a master machine that gives the target motion to the slave machine. Both are configured with soft materials. The slave machine has an actuating part and a sensing part, it can perform bending and torsional motions, and these motions are estimated by the sensing part with threads that connect to wire encoders. The master machine is almost the same configuration, but it has no actuating part. The slave machine is driven according to the deformation of the master machine. We confirmed experimentally that the slave machine followed the master machine that was deformed by an operator.

Research on the Monitoring System Design for the Line Loss of the Distribution Line Based on Dynamic Three-phase Unbalance Degree

Line loss, as one of the most important economic indicator to evaluate the quality of the power distribution network, the importance of monitoring it is self-evident. A new method is presented to calculate the line loss, which can consider the three-phase unbalance degree. Based on this algorithm，a line loss monitoring system is designed which apply the master-slave machine technology. This paper focus on the synchronous circuit between the master machine and the slave machine. In order to get the three-phase unbalance degree, wireless communication is adopted to compare the standard signal and the actual signal. The software chart about the monitoring algorithm is introduced as well. A performance test is conducted after the system design accomplishing, the test results show that this system can realize the line loss monitoring function very well.

An enhanced hadoop heartbeat mechanism for MapReduce task scheduler using dynamic calibration

MapReduce is a popular programming model for processing large-scale datasets in a distributed environment and is a fundamental component of current cloud computing and big data applications. In this paper, a heartbeat mechanism for MapReduce Task Scheduler using Dynamic Calibration (HMTS-DC) is proposed to address the unbalanced node computation capacity problem in a heterogeneous MapReduce environment. HMTS-DC uses two mechanisms to dynamically adapt and balance tasks assigned to each compute node: 1) using heartbeat to dynamically estimate the capacity of the compute nodes, and 2) using data locality of replicated data blocks to reduce data transfer between nodes. With the first mechanism, based on the heartbeats received during the early state of the job, the task scheduler can dynamically estimate the computational capacity of each node. Using the second mechanism, unprocessed Tasks local to each compute node are reassigned and reserved to allow nodes with greater capacities to reserve more local tasks than their weaker counterparts. Experimental results show that HMTS-DC performs better than Hadoop and Dynamic Data Placement Strategy (DDP) in a dynamic environment. Furthermore, an enhanced HMTS-DC (EHMTS-DC) is proposed by incorporating historical data. In contrast to the slow start property of HMTS-DC, EHMTS-DC relies on the historical computation capacity of the slave machines. The experimental results show that EHMTS-DC outperforms HMTS-DC in a dynamic environment.

Energy Efficiency Aware Task Assignment with DVFS in Heterogeneous Hadoop Clusters

While Hadoop ecosystems become increasingly important for practitioners of large-scale data analysis, they also incur tremendous energy cost. This trend is driving up the need for designing energy-efficient Hadoop clusters in order to reduce the operational costs and the carbon emission associated with its energy consumption. However, despite extensive studies of the problem, existing approaches for energy efficiency have not fully considered the heterogeneity of both workload and machine hardware found in production environments. In this paper, we find that heterogeneity-oblivious task assignment approaches are detrimental to both performance and energy efficiency of Hadoop clusters. Our observation shows that even heterogeneity-aware techniques that aim to reduce the job completion time do not guarantee a reduction in energy consumption of heterogeneous machines. We propose a heterogeneity-aware task assignment approach, E-Ant, that aims to improve the overall energy consumption in a heterogeneous Hadoop cluster without sacrificing job performance. It adaptively schedules heterogeneous workloads on energy-efficient machines, without a priori knowledge of the workload properties. E-Ant employs an ant colony optimization approach that generates task assignment solutions based on the feedback of each task’s energy consumption reported by Hadoop TaskTrackers in an agile way. Furthermore, we integrate DVFS technique with E-Ant to further improve the energy efficiency of heterogeneous Hadoop clusters. It relies on a DVFS controller to dynamically scale the CPU frequency of each slave machine in response to time-varying resource demands. Experimental results on a heterogeneous cluster with varying hardware capabilities show that E-Ant with DVFS improves the overall energy savings for a synthetic workload from Microsoft by 23 and 17 percent compared to Fair Scheduler and Tarazu, respectively.

Synchronization Time Division Multiplexing Bus Communication Method Using Serial Communication Interface

The invention discloses a synchronization time-division multiplexing bus communication method adopting a serial communication interface. Data receiving lines and data delivery lines of a host machine and slave machines are all connected with a bus respectively. The method is that each slave machine receives data through a serial communication interface (SCI) when the host machine sends downstream data message correspondingly needed by each slave machine once, the slave machine begin to send upstream data message after a certain time interval, a next slave machine begin to send upstream data message after same time interval when a last slave machine sends the upstream data message, and the bus communication method is achieved and the like. Only two physical connection lines are used to achieve high-reliability difference connection on the basis possessed by most majority of microprogrammed control units (MCU), simultaneously high-speed real-time requirements can be met, a bus communication problem of an internal module of the device is solved, real-time controllable communication is achieved, complexity of a hardware circuit is reduced, and generality and reliability are strengthened.

Robotic general surgery: current practice, evidence, and perspective.

Robotic technology commenced to be adopted for the field of general surgery in the 1990s. Since then, the da Vinci surgical system (Intuitive Surgical Inc, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) has remained by far the most commonly used system in this domain. The da Vinci surgical system is a master-slave machine that offers three-dimensional vision, articulated instruments with seven degrees of freedom, and additional software features such as motion scaling and tremor filtration. The specific design allows hand-eye alignment with intuitive control of the minimally invasive instruments. As such, robotic surgery appears technologically superior when compared with laparoscopy by overcoming some of the technical limitations that are imposed on the surgeon by the conventional approach. This article reviews the current literature and the perspective of robotic general surgery. While robotics has been applied to a wide range of general surgery procedures, its precise role in this field remains a subject of further research. Until now, only limited clinical evidence that could establish the use of robotics as the gold standard for procedures of general surgery has been created. While surgical robotics is still in its infancy with multiple novel systems currently under development and clinical trials in progress, the opportunities for this technology appear endless, and robotics should have a lasting impact to the field of general surgery.

The Design of Oxygen Content Controller in the Closed Environment

Oxygen content controller in the closed environment contains two parts, master machine and slave machine, of which the master one in the control room can monitor and control the slave ones hanged on it. The master one can not only read the current value of the salve but also control the parameter values and set the upper and lower limits, and the slave one can set its own limits meanwhile. The slave machines monitor the current oxygen content by 4OX2 oxygen sensor, and convert the content signal into digital signal which is conventional to process by the microcontroller.And then the digital signal will be compared with the limit, if less than the lower limit, the relay will open the valve to release oxygen into the air. On the contrary, if more than the upper threshold, the valve will be closed. In addition, the slave machine also has the calibration function and set its own communication address using DIPswitches. The communication between the master and slave is accomplished by the full duplex RS485 through max489 chip.

Highly Available Hadoop Name Node Architecture-Using Replicas of Name Node with Time Synchronization among Replicas

Hadoop is a Java software framework that supports data - intensive distributed applications and is developed under open source license. It enables applications to work with thousands of nodes and petabytes of data. The two major pieces of Hadoop are HDFS and MapReduce. HDFS works with two types of hardware machines, the DataNode (Slave machine) which is the machine on which application's data is stored and the NameNode (Master machine) which store the metadata of file system. Where NameNode is the only single machine for storing metadata of file system and is the Single Point of Failure (SPOF) for the HDFS. SPOF of NameNode machine affects the overall availability of Hadoop. When NameNode goes down the entire system become offine and cannot do any operation until NameNode gets restart. If the NameNode machine fails, the system needs to be re-started manually, making the system less available. This paper proposes a highly available architecture and its working principle for the HDFS NameNode against its SPOF utilizing well-known 2-Phase Commit (2PC) Protocol and election by bully with Time synchronization mechanism. Keywords - Hadoop, HDFS, Two Phase Commit Protocol, Berkeley algorithm for time synchronization, Name node.

Comparison of different solutions in predictive control for two PMSM in parallel

Abstract This study concerns the power supply in parallel of 2 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM) with the same inverter, in order to reduce the mass of embedded systems. This operation requires information from the two machines to ensure the stability of the system. Today several solutions address this objective, but about to improve energy efficiency it is important to develop new algorithms. The classical approach is based on a master-slave procedure where the current is controlled only in a master machine and the slave machine is simply connected in parallel. This solution guarantees stability but losses are not minimal. Predictive control applied to this configuration helps to ensure the stability of the system and gives the possibility to reduce Joule losses. In this way 3 predictive control laws are proposed by setting appropriated criteria. The first law uses the concept of master-slave machine, the second is defined with a criterion taking into account the two machines and the third uses the concept of virtual vectors which leads to an implementation of Space-Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SV-PWM). Results are compared in terms of dynamic performances and losses. The algorithms are tested on an experimental low-power test-bench.

Design of 5.1 Channel Audio System Based on Zigbee and PurePath Wireless Technology

This paper presents a design scheme of 5.1-channel wireless audio system which takes the advantages of Zigbee and PurePath Wireless technologies. It overcomes several disadvantages of traditional wired audio system such as inconvenience of speaker placement, complexity of wiring, low efficiency, etc. This system adopts a star topology structure with a host and six slave machines. System management is based on Zigbee network, and digital audio is transmitted via PurePath Wireless audio link. The CC8530 audio transceiver chips and IEEE 802.15.4 RF chips were adopted as the hardware platform and the Zigbee protocol stack was adopted as the core software. The results show that this method makes the wireless audio system low-cost, low-power and low-complexity. In addition, audio quality and system efficiency are both greatly enhanced.

Study on Intelligent Control of Laser 3D Rapid Prototyping Based on PMAC

The paper is based on industrial PC with rich application developed resources under Windows environment and openness of PMAC numerical control system. With the consideration of characteristics and specific requirements of laser rapid prototyping, a third party software is developed by Visual C++ in Windows98 to communicate with the slave machine to get some forming parameters in the laser processing under control by calling PCOMM32PRO DLLs which is offered by Delta Tau company. Combining the developed third party software with the infrared radiation thermometer monitoring the real-time temperature of molten pool can improve the forming efficiency of workpiece obviously.

Research of Multi-Channel Hygrothermoscope Acquiring System

The paper introduces a multipoint remote Hygrothermoscope monitoring system based on the MAX485 bus. The system of remote multipoint temperature control is composed of the host machine and slave machine; the host system for display and control, the slave system is responsible for collecting temperature data. Between master machine and slave machine communicate through the RS-485 bus, can realize the distant control room of the scene monitoring. The STC89C54 MCU is used as the controller and DHT11 is used as the temperate and humidity transducer. The hardware and software of the system are outlined. The system has realized multiple measuring points, easy expansion, and high reliability, anti-interference. The whole system has the advantages of simple circuit, reliable, and can be used for measuring temperature, humidity, temperature of building air conditioning control temperature and humidity monitoring and other fields.

Minimizing sum of completion times and makespan in master-slave systems

We consider scheduling problems in the master-slave model. In this model, each job has to be processed sequentially in three stages. In the first stage, a preprocessing task runs on a master machine, in the second stage, a slave task runs on a dedicated slave machine, and, in the last stage, a postprocessing task again runs on a master machine, possibly different from the master machine in the first stage. It has been shown that the problem of minimizing the makespan or the sum of completion times is NP-hard in the strong sense even if preemption is allowed. In this paper, we design efficient approximation algorithms to minimize the sum of completion times in various settings. These are the first general results for the minsum problem in the master-slave model. We also show that these algorithms generate schedules with small makespan as well

Distributed virtual experiments in water quality management

Since the complexity of virtual experiments (VEs) and their underlying models is constantly increasing, computational performance of monolithic software solutions is rapidly becoming insufficient. Examples of VEs are probabilistic design, model calibration, optimal experimental design and scenario analysis. In order to tackle this computational bottleneck, a framework for the distributed execution of VEs on a potentially heterogeneous pool of work nodes has been implemented. This framework was named WDVE (WEST distributed virtual experimentation) and is built on top of technologies such as C++, XML and SOAP. It was designed for stability, expandability, performance, platform-independence and ease of use. Complex VEs are most often composed of mutually independent sub-experiments, which can be run concurrently. With WDVE, a complex VE that is executed on a so-called Master machine will therefore attempt to execute its sub-experiments on Slave machines that have previously registered with the Master. The process of submitting requests for the execution of sub-experiments is transparent and involves the transfer of a description of the experiment to be executed, and the resources that are needed for the execution (i.e., model and input data). WDVE is in many ways similar to the Grid Computing paradigm, which is currently receiving widespread attention. However, WDVE is more geared towards application within the scope of water quality management.

Minimizing mean flowtime and makespan on master–slave systems

The master–slave scheduling model is a new model recently introduced by Sahni. It has many important applications in parallel computer scheduling and industrial settings such as semiconductor testing, machine scheduling, etc. In this model each job is associated with a preprocessing task, a slave task and a postprocessing task that must be executed in this order. While the preprocessing and postprocessing tasks are scheduled on the master machine, the slave tasks are scheduled on the slave machines. In this paper, we consider scheduling problems on single-master master–slave systems. We first strengthen some previously known complexity results for makespan problems, by showing them to be strongly NP-hard. We then show that the problem of minimizing the mean flowtime is strongly NP-hard even under severe constraints. Finally, we propose some heuristics for the mean flowtime and makespan problems subject to some constraints, and we analyze the worst-case performance of these heuristics.

TACT-An Environment to Construct Reliable Systems with Planning-based Task Scheduling

This paper proposes TACT, an environment to construct reliable systems where periodic tasks are dominant. TACT provides a planning based task scheduling mechanism, which enables the master machine to duplicate its task plan on the slave machine in run-time. Through the duplication, tasks on the slave machine get equivalent to those on the master machine. TACT allows two machines to stand-by alternately. The paper describes the concept, functions, and implementation of TACT. It also shows application of TACT to a steel mill control system.