Slaughter Yield Research Articles

Effect of complex bioadditives of phytogenic origin on productive performance of quails

Comparative research on studying the influence of phytobioadditives from natural plant raw materials and with synthetic adaptogen Aurol in complex with arabinogalactan on quail productive indices were carried out. Daily inclusion of bio-additives in the diets of quails, from 5 days to 107 days of age, had a different effect on the safety and their productive performance. The control group received the basic diet, the 1st experimental group – the basic diet with drinking aqueous solution of aurol with arabinogalactan; in the 2nd experimental group 0.1% of bio-additive No. 1 consisting of roseroot powder with arabinogalactan was added to 99.9% of the basic diet; in the 3rd experimental group – 98.4% of the basic diet + 1.6% of bio-additive No. 2 consisting of roseroot powder, pine nut shell and pine needles with arabinogalactan in the first period of growing; in the second period – 98.3% of the basic diet + 1.7% of bio-additive No. 2a. Biochemical composition of blood, muscle tissue of quail carcasses, quail eggs was studied. In the period of quails growing, inclusion of complex bio-additives of plant origin with arabinogalactan No. 1 and No. 2 in the main composition of the diet of experimental groups increased their live weight by 7.6 and 11.1%; average daily gain by 8.6 and 12.4%; slaughter yield of gutted carcass by 0.9 and 1.5%; increased safety by 5.7 and 1.4% compared to the control group. At the beginning of egg production, the best results were with natural complex bio-additives. The laying hens of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups started egg laying 2 days earlier, they had the highest egg laying intensity (66,98 and 61,67%). In comparison with the control group, a higher average weight of one egg was observed in the 2nd experimental group – by 5.7%, the intensity of oviposition was higher – by 15.0%, egg mass – by 38.9.

Use of feed additive based on milk whey and medicinal herbs in feeding of geese

The purpose of the research was to determine the appropriate dose of the biologically active additive AA-50 based on whey and medicinal herbs when added to the main diet of broiler goslings. An experiment was carried out to determine the effectiveness of rearing broiler goslings using the biologically active additive AA-50. In order to determine the eff ectiveness of the AA-50 additive, data on live weight, growth rate, livestock livability, feed conversion and profi tability of meat production of Lindovsky breed goslings were studied. The results of the slaughter of geese and the results of anatomical cutting of the carcass were analyzed, and the protein picture of the blood of geese was studied. It was found that of the three experimentally tested doses of the AA-50 additive to the main diet (30,0 ml, 50,0 and 100,0 ml per 1 kg of compound feed); the most effective dose was 50,0 ml/kg of compound feed. When using the indicated dose, the live weight of 60-day-old goslings was higher by 200 g (p ≤ 0,05), the average daily gain by 3,4 g, livability by 3 abs.%, productivity index by 26 units or by 13,5 %, the level of profi tability was 8,0 abs.% higher compared to the 1st control group of goslings that did not receive the biologically active additive. The slaughter yield of the gutted carcass was the highest in the 3rd experimental group and amounted to 65,72 %, which was higher than the control by 1,21 abs.%, the meat quality index by 0,21 units, the ratio of pectoral muscles to all others by 1,4 %. As a result of the research, the most effective dosage of the feed additive AA-50 turned out to be 50,0 ml/kg of compound feed during the entire technological cycle of rearing meat geese. The positive eff ect of the AA-50 additive on the protein profi le of the blood of goslings has been established.

Resiliency of fast-growing and slow-growing genotypes of broiler chickens submitted to different environmental temperatures: growth performance and meat quality

Growth performance and meat quality were assessed in 238 chicks of both sexes belonging to a commercial crossbreed (Ross 308), and 2 Italian local breeds (Bionda Piemontese-BP and Robusta Maculata-RM). The chickens were kept in 2 rooms at standard environmental conditions or under heat stress (+4.7°C on average) until slaughtering (42 d of age for Ross 308 and 99 d for RM and BP chickens). The Ross chickens showed the highest final live weight, feed intake, and daily weight gain, and the best feed conversion ratio compared to the local breeds (P < 0.001), with RM performing better than BP chickens. Thus, Ross chickens had the heaviest carcasses, the highest slaughter, and breast yields followed by RM and BP chickens (P < 0.001). At the pectoralis major (p. major) muscle, Ross chickens showed the highest pH, lightness, and yellowness, besides the highest cooking losses, whereas BP showed the highest redness (P < 0.001). Ross meat had higher water and ether extract contents, and lower crude protein content compared to BP and RM (P < 0.001), whereas no differences among genotypes were measured for the fatty acid profile. At the sensory analysis, Ross breasts had a higher juiciness compared to BP ones, besides a lower score for "brothy and chickeny/meaty" and a higher one for "wet feathers" compared to local breeds (0.05 < P < 0.001). The increase of the room temperature decreased growth performance and cold carcass weight (P < 0.001) compared to standard conditions, whereas the rate of α-linolenic acid in the meat increased (P < 0.01). The effect of a high environmental temperature on growth performance and slaughter and meat quality traits was more pronounced in Ross compared to BP and RM chickens (0.05 < P <0.001; significant interaction genotype×temperature). In conclusions, local chicken breeds showed lower performance and slaughter yield compared to the commercial genotype, but more favorable meat quality traits and higher resilience to the environmental heat-stress.

Features of calves’ meat productivity formation with different energy nutritional value of forage

An increase in the level of nutrients in calves diets with a 87.5% Holstein blood genotype by 10-20% compared with the Animal Science Center norms contributes to a significant (P? 0.999) increase in live weight (by 39-73.8 kg). By carcass weight, the bulls of the first and second experimental groups outperformed analogues from the control group by 26.0–52.1 kg (P?0.999), by carcass yield by 2.41–3.92% (P?0.999), by slaughter yield 2.39–4.0% (P?0.999). According to the yield of internal fat, the superiority of the bulls of the first and second experimental groups in comparison with the control group was 0.44–1.64 kg, or 5.2–19.4%. The bulls of the second experimental group differed in their hams and developed musculine torso. The meat index of the experimental bulls is higher compared to the control group by 0.13–0.39%. An increase in the level of feeding by 10-20% in bulls’ diets contributes to a significant increase by 21.1-34.7% in protein and fat carcasses. Hence, the optimization of breeding system and feeding conditions for Holsteinized animals allows maximizing their genetically determined productivity potential.

Feeding and killing indicators of pigs using the drug “Kronocid-L”

The effect of feeding the drug “Kronocid-L” with the content of chelated compounds of trace elements on the productivity and slaughter performance of fattening pigs was studied. The scientific and economic experiment was conducted on two analogous groups of 75-day-old fattening young pigs, 12 heads in each, obtained from crossing sows of the large white breed with boars of the landrace breed. The experiment lasted 105 days and consisted of two periods: an equalization period (15 days) and a main period (90 days). The control group of pigs consumed the basic diet during the equalization and baseline periods. The compound feed “Grower” included: corn – 25 %, wheat – 25 %, barley – 23 %, sunflower meal – 12 %, wheat bran – 7 %, soybean meal – 3 %, BMVD – 5 %. “Finisher” compound feed included: barley – 38 %, wheat – 24 %, wheat bran – 12 %, corn – 9 %, sunflower meal – 9 %, BMVD – 4 %. In addition to the main diet, the experimental group was fed the drug “Kronocid-L” with the content of chelated compounds of microelements at the rate of 1 liter per 1 ton of water. The drug “Kronrocid-L” is a transparent green-blue solution that contains chelate compounds of trace elements (iron, zinc, manganese and copper), formic, acetic, orthophosphoric, lactic, citric, succinic and benzoic acids in an amount of 19 % by weight in an aqueous solution. Experimental animals that received the drug “Kronocid-L” during the first stage of the main period (75–110 days) and the second stage of the main period (111–165 days) outweighed the pigs of the control group by live weight by 5.9 and 7.4, respectively %, with an average daily increase of 9.5 % (P &lt; 0.05) for the entire period of fattening. The use of the drug “Kronocid-L” at the rate of 1 liter per 1 ton of water allows to reduce feed consumption by 6.2 %, which is 3.0 kg per 1 kg of growth. At the end of the scientific and economic experiment, a control slaughter of experimental pigs was carried out, 4 heads from each group. It was established that feeding pigs on fattening with the above-mentioned preparation contributes to an increase in slaughter weight and slaughter yield in the 2nd experimental group, respectively, by 12,8 kg or by 15 % (P &lt; 0.05) and 5.6 % (P &lt; 0.05) against benchmarks. At the same time, under the influence of the feed additive, the thickness of the lard above the 6–7 thoracic vertebra decreased by 3.2 mm or by 10 % (P &lt; 0.05) and the area of the “muscle eye” increased by 2.8 cm2 or 6 % P &lt; 0.01).

Effect of mineral feed additive on productivity of broiler chickens

Mineral elements play an essential role in the metabolic processes carried out in the animal body at the cellular level. They support homeostasis, acid-base balance, and osmotic pressure. Lack of mineral elements leads to disturbances in metabolic metabolism, reduced productivity, and increased morbidity in poultry. Therefore, the research aimed to establish the effect of selenium-containing feed additives on broiler chickens' live weight, gains, feed consumption, slaughter, and hematological indicators. Selenium – exchanges proteins, fats, and carbohydrates to regulate enzymatic and redox reactions. The introduction of selenium into animals' rations contributes to the normalization of metabolism, preventing the accumulation of toxic oxidation products and damage to the cell membrane. The experiment lasted 42 days. Two groups of Ross-308 cross-broiler chickens, 20 heads each, were selected for the experiment. In addition to compound feed, the second experimental group used a mineral feed additive at the rate of 100 g per 1 ton of compound feed. When broiler chickens were fed a mineral feed additive, live weight increased by 4.9 %, average daily weight gain by 4.8 %, and absolute weight gain by 5.0 %, relative to control counterparts. It was established that using a mineral feed additive in feeding broiler chickens of the 2nd group, the consumption of feed per 1 kg of growth decreased by 9.0 %, compared to control analogs. It was found that the pre-slaughter live weight of broiler chickens of the 2nd group increased by 5.0 %, the weight of non-carcass carcass by 5.6 %, half-carcass by 5.5 %, and carcass weight by 6.2 %, compared to the control value. In addition, under the influence of the studied feed additive, the mass of the pectoral muscles in broilers of the 2nd group increases by 16.0 % (Р ≤ 0.05) and thigh muscles by 36.0 % (Р ≤ 0.001) relative to control indicators. It was found that in the broilers of the 2nd group, under the influence of the additive, the slaughter yield of the thigh muscles increased by 29.4 % (Р ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group. It was established that under the action of the mineral supplement, the level of hemoglobin in broiler chickens of the 2nd group increased by 5.3 % (Р ≤ 0.05) relative to the control value.

Hematological indicators of bulls and their meat productivity depending on the structure of the ration

The article reflects the results of long-term scientific research conducted by the department of animal feeding and feed technology on fattening cattle. The task of the research was to study the specifics of the formation of meat productivity by the body of bulls of the Volyn meat breed, depending on the level of feeding, which, under the same type of ration, fully meets the animal's need for nutrients, in particular, in dry matter, available energy, the fractional composition of protein, carbohydrates, minerals and biologically active substances. The question of the organization of full-fledged nutrition of livestock of specialized meat breeds with the same type of feeding all year round using hay-type monoforage is relevant, especially in the practice of fattening young animals, with the aim of obtaining veal meat and young beef. This type of fodder according to the recipe proposed by us is produced at the “Pchany-Dеnkovich” farm. More complex fodder mixtures of three, four and five components have also been developed, based on the principle of field-made compound feed, which has received the name grain hay. Rations of this type do not require the use of concentrated feed when fattening livestock. This is exactly the approach reflected in the materials of the scientific and practical publication on the intensity of the functional growth processes of muscle tissue without excess fat. The data obtained in our research allow us to conclude that there is a direct relationship between the total protein content in muscle tissue and the nutritional qualities of the forage in the ration. Monofeed components such as grain of corn cobs of milk-wax maturity and soybean pods provide a relatively high protein content in the feed, which ensured high average daily gains in live weight with a limited amount of concentrates. The control slaughter of bulls at the end of the experiment showed that the average pre-slaughter live weight was at the level of 541–501 kg. The slaughter yield of the carcass had a direct dependence on the structure of the ration with a slight intergroup difference, which was within 0.8–1.2 % in relation to the first group, whose ration compensated the animals' need for energy and protein due to concentrates and was usually more expensive. Therefore, the replacement of part of the concentrates in terms of nutrition of the second and third groups does not lead to a significant negative impact on the morphological composition of the carcasses, which gives reason to assert the effectiveness of such rations. The conducted studies on fattening bulls of the Volyn beef breed allow us to state that the harvesting of monoforage (corn-soybean) of the hay type, the nutritional value of which is more than 0.5 fodder unit, which contains a sufficient amount of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and mineral salts, ensures high average daily gains in live weight and has a positive effect on the quality indicators of young beef meat. The production of this type of fodder allows to produce 78.1–99.8 hundredweights of fodder unit from 1 ha of fodder area and 6.1–13.9 hundredweights of digestible protein and makes it possible to reduce the consumption of concentrated feed in the structure of the rations of fattening animals.

The effect of chelating compounds on the meat qualities of beef

An important aspect is the problem of balanced micronutrient nutrition in diets, which arises from insufficient macro- and micronutrients in soil and feed. Some of these elements act as components of biologically active compounds and regulate various metabolic processes. A lack or excess of these elements can lead to significant metabolic disorders in the animal's body and decreased productivity. The ratio imbalance occurs when a violation of metabolism accompanies fattening young cattle concerning mineral substances, a decrease in the productivity and stability of animals, and deterioration of veterinary and sanitary indicators and meat quality. The research aimed to reveal the effect of enriching rations with deficient microelements in combination with chelating compounds (methionates) on the productivity of experimental cattle. The use of trace elements and their chelated compounds, such as methionates and other biologically active substances, has advantages. This helps to reduce the assimilation of heavy metals and radionuclides from contaminated feed and water. Chelated complexes of microelements easily penetrate through cell membranes, which allows you to have a targeted effect on the metabolism of substances and energy and correct the deficiency of microelements in the corresponding biogeochemical zones. With the addition of trace element supplements and their chelated compounds, the slaughter yield of bulls of the 2nd, third, and fourth experimental groups increased by 0.15, 1.48, and 2.26 kg, respectively, compared to the control group. The yield of high-grade meat increased by 9.18, 11.02, and 13.9 kg, respectively, for the control. Also, the first-grade muscle tissue yield increased by 11.35, 12.95, and 15.1 kg compared to the control. Correction of the rations of experimental animals with deficient trace elements in the form of salts and their chelated compounds (methionates) contributed to improving beef's physical and chemical composition and nutritional value. Thus, we conclude that the fourth experimental group, which was fed microelements in the form of chelated compounds (methionates), has the best indicators in terms of all parameters, the second and third experimental groups, which were fed inorganic salts of deficient microelements, have slightly lower indicators, respectively. In the future, we will use chelating compounds of deficient trace elements to improve beef's physiological and morphological indicators.

Triazoline compounds influence on the meat productivity of turkey carcasses

The need to find effective means to improve the quality and production of meat products from poultry farming determines the relevance of the study. The introduction of drugs into the diet can increase the safety of livestock and improve the quality characteristics of poultry meat. The research aims to evaluate the impact of new 1,2,4-triazole derivatives on some blood parameters, as well as meat and slaughter qualities of poultry. The study was conducted between 2022 and 2023 at Odesa State Agrarian University. The trial was conducted to study the effect of new triazoline derivatives GKPF-109 at a dose of 0.5 ml/bird per day on turkey performance and meat quality. The experiment was conducted on Big-6 turkeys aged 1-105 days. The following research methods were used: morphological and biochemical, organoleptic, physicochemical, and statistical. The effects of triazoline derivatives GKPF-109 on organoleptic (appearance, smell, consistency, fat condition, broth quality during meat cooking) and physicochemical studies of turkey meat for microbiological parameters were analysed and investigated following DSTU 3143:2013. The results showed that there was an increase in average daily weight by 13.1%, slaughter yield of gutted carcasses by 12.4%, semi-gutted carcasses by 12.3% and livestock preservation by 4%. An increase in the nutritional value of meat was noted due to an increase in muscle tissue protein by 7.5%, fat by 8.3%, and energy value by 4.8%. The organoleptic, bacteriological, and physicochemical parameters of turkey meat when using triazoline derivatives GKPF-109 in the diet met the requirements of DSTU 3143:2013. It was concluded that the addition of triazoline GKPF-109 derivatives to drinking water enhances haemopoiesis and has antiinflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. The assessment of the quality of broiler turkey meat and broth at the end of the experiment does not allow to assert a decrease in their aroma and taste, which indicates the absence of a negative effect of triazoline derivatives GKPF-109 and methods of their application on the organoleptic characteristics of meat, which should be considered when keeping turkeys

Effect of additives with chelated forms of trace minerals on growth performance of broiler chickens, feed nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics

Demand for chicken meat has been growing in recent years, requiring prominent production levels and efficient feed conversion. The purpose of this study was to determine the productivity, preservation, and slaughter performance of broiler chickens, feed conversion on the background of feeding with additives with chelated forms of trace minerals. Poultry growth intensity was determined according to zootechnical methods, slaughter indicators – according to morphological methods, and statistical analysis of the results was used. By the end of the rearing period, the live weight of broiler chickens in the groups where the dietary supplement with chelated trace minerals (second group) and copper chelate complex (third group) was significantly higher than in the control group – by 6.9% and 13.8%, and the relative increase was 4.5 percentage points and 8.5 percentage points, respectively. The growth rate of broilers in terms of average daily weight gain is higher in these groups by 6.8% and 14.2%, respectively. The safety of poultry in the experimental groups is 4% better than in the control group. The feed conversion of a diet with chelated trace element additives is higher. Feed consumption in the experimental groups was reduced by 2.8% when feeding the selected additive and by 9.7% when feeding the copper chelate complex. The results of balance studies revealed an increase in the digestibility of nutrients in the diet of broiler chickens. Additives with micronutrient chelates are effective in increasing slaughter yield, meatiness of the thighs and shins, and pectoral muscles by 5.3-6.2 percentage points. The broilers of the experimental groups had a higher meatiness of the thighs and shins. The highest growth rate was found in broilers fed a copper chelate complex in their diet. The lower feed conversion in the control group is due to the lower body weight of these chickens. Based on the research data obtained, the possibility of effective introduction of additives with chelated microminerals into the diet of broiler chickens was established, which helped to increase the growth rate and meat yield. The results can be used in farm poultry farms to produce more products and reduce the cost of chicken production

Применение кормовой добавки на основе растительного жмыха и лактулозы в рационах кроликов на откорме

Purpose. Study the effectiveness of a new feed additive based on vegetable cake and lactulose introduced into the diet of young rabbits in order to increase productivity. Materials and Methods. During the research, the objects were rabbits of the Californian breed, which were divided into 2 groups (control and experimental), in each group of 15 heads, according to the principle of analogues, as well as a feed additive based on milk thistle cake and lactulose. Experimental studies on the determination of growth dynamics, determination of slaughter indicators, as well as biochemical and morphological indicators of blood were carried out in a complex analytical laboratory by using standardized research methods. Results. During the experiment, it was found that the introduction of "Lactu-Super" in the amount of 5% by weight of feed contributed to an increase in the concentration of erythrocytes, leukocytes and hemoglobin, which corresponded to a higher level of metabolism, as well as the pre-slaughter weight of animals by 3.7% and slaughter weight, slaughter yield of 141.6 g and 2.0% relative to the control group that did not receive the supplement. Conclusion. The results of scientific and economic experience have demonstrated the effectiveness of using a new feed additive based on vegetable cake and lactulose for fattening hybrid rabbits under intensive technology from the age of 45 days.

Optimisation of trace mineral supplementation in diets for Atlantic salmon smolt with reference to holistic fish performance in terms of growth, health, welfare, and potential environmental impacts.

The aquafeed ingredient inventory is ever changing, from marine to plant based, and recently evolving to incorporate increasing amounts of low trophic, side stream and circular economy based raw materials, each one contributing with variable amounts and qualities of macro- and micronutrients. Meeting the micronutrient requirement of farmed fish for healthy and efficient growth under normal and challenging conditions is of paramount importance. In this study we run a trial based on a 2 × 4 factorial design with three replications for each dietary treatment, where Atlantic salmon smolt were fed one of 8 experimental diets supplemented with either organic or inorganic mineral premixes (copper, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc) at four dietary inclusion levels. We saw a trend for higher growth rate in the organic mineral groups irrespective of the dietary mineral levels. Mineral digestibility was negatively correlated with increasing mineral supplementation levels for all tested minerals but Se which increased with the increasing supplementation in the inorganic and up to the 2nd inclusion level in the organic mineral groups. Increasing mineral supplementation affected retention efficiency of Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe while mineral source affected only the retention of Se which was higher in the organic mineral groups. Moreover, fish obtained higher EPA and DHA in their body and increased slaughter yield in the organic as compared to the inorganic mineral groups and corroborated that trace mineral inclusion levels play a key role on salmon fillet's technical quality. More effects from different origin and dietary inclusion levels of trace minerals were seen on fillet yield, fillet technical and nutritional quality, bone strength, skin morphology, organ mineralization and midgut transcriptome.

Infl uence of change in the energy and amino acid nutritional value of compound feed on the meat productivity of quails

In order to achieve high results when housing of quails, complete feeding has of great importance. The production of poultry meat and its cost depends on feeding. The formation of diets without the use of synthetic amino acid additives is not possible today, especially when trying to reduce the nutritional value and the cost of compound feed. Their use makes it possible to achieve greater fl exibility in the selection of raw materials, high availability of these substances while saving expensive food resources and a lower cost of the diet. At the same time, the reduction in the cost of the diet should not adversely affect its usefulness and the resulting products. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of changes in the energy and amino acid nutrition of compound feed on the meat productivity and quality of quail meat. The results of using compound feed with an increase in metabolic energy by 41,86 kJ and amino acids (lysine and methionine with cystine) by 10 and 15 %, their impact on livestock indicators, meat productivity, meat quality and economic efficiency of rearing quails of Estonian breed have been presented in the article. The change in the nutritional value of compound feed of the experimental groups contributed to a decrease in the cost of 1 ton of compound feed by 10,6–12,2 %, an increase in the slaughter yield by 0,7–1,1 abs.%, obtaining a greater yield of meat and proceeds from its sale by 0,7–2,5 %, reducing the cost of rearing by 1,8–2,9 % and the cost of 1 kg of meat by 2,5–5,2 %. It was found that the use of experimental compound feed recipes had an impact on lipid metabolism in the quail body. Thus, nutrients were spent on the growth of muscle tissue, and not on the deposition of abdominal fat: more muscle mass was obtained by 5,87 and 4,76 % and significantly less accumulation of abdominal fat in quails of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups by 67,74 % (p &lt; 0,01) and 44,09 % (p &lt; 0,05).

The effects of fermented feedstuff derived from Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by-products on growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, nutrient utilization, meat quality, gut microbiota, and metabolites of broiler chicken.

This research aimed to assess the impact of fermented Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by-products (FCSF) on the growth performance, gut digestive enzyme activity, nutrient utilization efficiency, gut microbiota, and their metabolites in broiler chickens. A total of 1,080 male broiler chickens were allocated into four groups (T1-T4) consisting of 6 replicates per group, each containing 45 chickens. The basal diet was provided to group T1, while groups T2, T3, and T4 were supplemented with 1%, 3%, and 5% FCSF in the basal diet, respectively. The experimental period was 42 days. The findings revealed that supplementing FCSF improved the FW and ADG of broiler chickens, and led to a reduction in the F/G, ADFI, and mortality rate of broiler chickens (p < 0.05). Furthermore, supplementation with 3% and 5% FCSF improved the thigh yield, semi-eviscerated carcass yield, slaughter yield, and lipase activity in the duodenum and ileum of birds (p < 0.05). Additionally, supplementing 3% FCSF enhanced the activity of protease in the duodenum of broilers (p < 0.05). Moreover, supplementing 3% FCSF enhanced the utilization of total phosphorus, dry matter, crude protein, and crude ash in the feed by broilers (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, supplementation of 3% and 5% FCSF reduced the serine content in broiler chicken breast meat (p < 0.05). Supplementing 1% FCSF significantly increased the C14:0, C14:1, and C20:1 content in the breast meat compared to the other experimental groups (p < 0.05). The levels of C20:4n6 and C23:0 in the breast meat of birds of FCSF supplemented groups were lower than in T1 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the content of ∑ω-3PUFA decreased after supplementing with 3% and 5% FCSF (p < 0.05). 16SrDNA showed that supplementing 3% FCSF reduced the ACE, Chao1, and Shannon indices in the cecum of birds (p < 0.05). Supplementing 3% FCSF also decreased the abundance of the phylum Desulfobacterota and improved genera Coprobacter and Prevotella in the cecum of broiler chickens (p < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that supplementing 3% FCSF upregulated 6 metabolites and downregulated 16 metabolites (p < 0.05). Moreover, supplementing 3% FCSF downregulated 12 metabolic pathways and upregulated 3 metabolic pathways (p < 0.05). In summary our findings indicate that supplementing FCSF can improve the growth performance of broiler chickens by enhancing intestinal digestive enzyme activity, nutrient utilization, improving gut microbial diversity, and influencing the metabolism of gut microbiota.

INFLUENCE OF COUMARIN ON PRODUCTIVITY, IMMUNITY AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF HEALTHY BROILERS

Background. Coumarins are natural compounds (secondary metabolites of plant origin) that have a wide range of biological activity, mainly due to their ability to interact with various enzymes and receptors in living organisms. The relevance of their use in feeding poultry is obvious, in view of the active search for alternatives to feed antibiotics.&#x0D; The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of coumarin on the productivity and antioxidant status of broiler chickens.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Objects of study: broiler chickens of the Arbor Acres cross, 7-hydroxycoumarin. The experiment was carried out on 180 heads of 7-day-old broiler chickens (n=45). Control - the main diet (OR), 1 experimental – OR + coumarin (at a dose of 1 mg/kg of feed/day, 2 experimental – OR + coumarin at a dose of 2 mg/kg of feed / day, 3 experimental – OR + coumarin in at a dose of 3 mg/kg feed/day. Hematological parameters (number and type of leukocytes) were taken into account on an automatic hematological analyzer URIT-2900 Vet Plus (URIT Medical Electronic Group Co., Ltd, China). Biochemical analysis of blood serum was performed on an automatic biochemical analyzer CS-T240 (Dirui Industrial Co., Ltd, China).&#x0D; Results. The inclusion of 7-hydroxycoumarin in the diet contributed to an increase in live weight in the experimental groups by 8,6–19,4%; (by 9,2–21,1%), slaughter yield (up to 4,76%), against the background of a decrease in feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain (by 3,5–15,7%). showed a decrease in total protein, albumin, ALT (groups 1 and 2 (p≤0,05)), bilirubin (by 38,3–68,6%), cholesterol (in group 3 by 16,4% (p≤0,05)), triglycerides (groups 1 and 2, p≤0,05), urea (41,8–65,1%; p≤0,05), against the background of elevated iron levels (groups 1 and 2, p≤0,05). Depending on the dose of 7-hydroxycoumarin, a decrease in the number of leukocytes (group 1, p≤0,05), neutrophils (groups 1 and 2, p≤0,05), monocytes, eosinophils and basophils (p≤ 0,05). Antioxidant indicators were characterized by a decrease in the level of malondialdehyde (by 63,7–77,3%), superoxide dismutase activity (22,4–71,5%) and an increase in catalase activity (by 24,3–46,1%).&#x0D; Conclusion. Thus, the inclusion of 7-hydroxycoumarin (2 mg/kg feed/day) in the diet contributed to an increase in the live weight of broiler chickens, feed intake, slaughter yield, against the background of a lower feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain; had a positive effect on the parameters of the liver (ALT, total bilirubin), lipid and nitrogen metabolism (triglycerides, urea), the antioxidant status of the body of broiler chickens.

The effectiveness of feeding broiler chickens using drugs based on oligosaccharides

Russian and foreign scientists and farmers have found that the use of feed antibiotics for prevention purposes is unjustifi ed and can have a negative impact on the immunity of a man who uses poultry products containing an excessive amount of such drugs in his diet. Of great scientific and practical importance is the development and justifi cation of the use of new approaches in poultry the physiological state, productivity, and quality of meat products of broiler chickens when replacing feed antibiotics in their diet with new, alternative drugs Safmannan and Immunosan containing oligosaccharides of dried cell walls of inactivated yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the feeding of broiler chickens using drugs based on oligosaccharides. The inclusion of Safmannan and Immunosan drugs in the compound feed instead of feed antibiotics allowed to increase: the digestibility of dry matter in the body of broiler chickens by 4,3 and 5,1 abs.%, the digestibility of raw fat by 9,5 and 13,2 abs.%, the amount of metabolic energy by 3,1 and 3,8 %, the use of nitrogen – by 8,4 and 3,2 abs.%, the use of calcium by 20,0 and 23,6 abs.%, respectively, compared with the control. The use of Safmannan and Immunosan drugs was accompanied by the increase in live weight in broiler cocks by 1,3 and 0,06 % by the end of fattening, in broiler chickens by 3,4 (p &lt; 0,05) and 0,1 %; the increase in the slaughter yield of the gutted carcass by 2,3 and 2,0 abs.%, the number of muscles in the carcass by 8,1 and 10,2 abs.%, respectively. The level of profi tability of meat production of broiler chickens in the group where Safmannan was fed instead of feed antibiotics exceeded the base variant by 6,8 abs.%, and in the group of broiler chickens fed Immunosan, it was inferior to the base value by 3,4 abs.%, while corresponding to the level of profi tability at the poultry farm (39–40 %).

Efficiency of using fodder meal of animal origin in the rearing of broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross

Studies on the effectiveness of the use of fodder meal of own production prepared from poultry waste as an ingredient of diets for feeding broiler chickens are presented. Scientific-economic and physiological experiments were carried out under production conditions in the Novosibirsk region in 2021, 2022. The object of the study were broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross from 5 to 40 days of age. In the diet of the control group meat and bone meal in the amount of 5% of the diet structure was used, which in the two experimental groups was replaced by animal fodder meal of own production sterilized at different temperature regimes. In the 1st experimental group young animals consumed fodder meal sterilized at 135 °С, in the 2nd experimental group - at 150 ◦С. Sterilization was carried out in the boiler BC 10,000. The data obtained indicate that the live weight of broiler chickens was high in all groups, with the young birds of the control and 1st experimental groups significantly exceeded the 2nd experimental group by 3.1 and 2.6% (p &lt;0.05) in terms of live weight. Energy of growth, keeping stock and feed expenses were close in all groups and were at the level of 71.1-73.4 g, 97.0-98.0% and 1.49-1.56 kg per 1 kg of growth respectively. Digestibility of crude protein and fat was high, differences between groups were insignificant. Digestibility of crude fiber was almost the same in the control and 1st experimental groups, in the 2nd experimental group it decreased by 1% relative to the control (p &lt; 0.05). The maximum slaughter yield of meat (75.8%) was observed in the 1st experimental group, while in the control group this indicator was slightly lower (by 2.3%). In the 2nd experimental group, it was lower compared to the control and 1st experimental groups by 3.0 (p &lt; 0.05) and 4.3% (p &lt; 0.01), respectively. In the 2nd experimental group, the productivity index was lower compared to the other groups. Economic efficiency was high in all groups, but production efficiency increased by 16% when feed flour sterilized at 135 0C was fed to young animals.

Productive traits and biological features of young horses of Yakut breed in different areas of breeding

The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is one of the regions of Russia where drove breeding of horses has long been developed. In the modern realities of horse breeding, to further increase the number of drove breeding of horses and improve their productive, reproductive and adaptive traits, one of the most important techniques is to increase the genetic diversity of animals. The purpose of the research was livestock characteristics, the study of productive traits and biological characteristics of young horses of Yakut breed of the Arctic zone (Momsky ulus) in a comparative aspect with young horses of the Middle Taiga zone (Amginsky ulus). So, in terms of pre-slaughter weight and slaughter yield, the foals of the Momsky ulus had superiority. At the age of 6 months, they had a higher preslaughter weight by 9,3 kg (P ≥ 0,99), and a heavier carcass by 10,09 kg (P ≥ 0,99), compared with their herdmates of the Amginsky ulus. According to the slaughter yield, the foals of the Momsky ulus also had superiority. In the foals of the Momsky ulus at the age of 6 months the slaughter yield was 56,5 %, which was higher in comparison with the young animals of the Amginsky ulus by 2,5 abs.% (P ≥ 0,95). Probably, the higher pre-slaughter weight of foals in the Momsky ulus was due to more productive pasture lands with a higher nutritional value of plants. Chemical analysis of horse meat showed that the meat of foals of the Arctic zone (Momsky ulus) has a lower fat content. This allows you to get meat with a lower energy value, a suffi ciently high protein content and is a higher-quality product, which is probably due to the composition of the feed of this zone. Breeding of Yakut horses in the Arctic zone of Yakutia is more attractive from the point of view of the growth and development of young animals, obtaining better quality horse meat.

Evaluation of Cattle Slaughtering Efficiency at the M'pila Slaughterhouse in Brazzaville (Republic of Congo)

The majority of cattle breeding herds in Congo are made up of the N'Dama breed. Despite their hardiness and trypanotolerance, they have low productivity, which explains the massive importation of meat products, specifically beef. The objective of this study was to evaluate the slaughter yield of cattle according to their place of origin at the M'pila abattoir. The study involved 180 heads of cattle of different origins for the period August-October 2022. Barymetric measurements (height at withers, chest circumference, ventral circumference, and scapulo-ischial length) on live animals and weighing of hot carcasses for yield calculation were performed. The results obtained in this study show an average live weight of 438.75 kg; an average carcass weight of 204.93 kg and therefore an average yield of 49.97%. The barymetric measurements indicate averages of 144.74 cm for scapulo-ischial length; 172.77 cm for chest circumference; 137.5 cm for height at withers and 196.15 cm for ventral circumference. The average age of this study was 4.11 years, for 4 different breeds (N'dama, M'bororo, Goudali and Foulbé). These results made it possible to determine the beef performance of animals from Congo and Cameroon, respectively 56.88% and 51.72%. Nevertheless, it appears that the hazards of transport and feeding affect these results.

Meat productivity of bulls of the Simmental breed and crossbreeds with blood relationship (? Simmental + ? Aberdeen-Angus), (? Simmental + ? Kalmyk)

The aim of the study was to establish the characteristics of the meat productivity of steers obtained from crossing Simmental cows with Aberdeen-Angus and Kalmyk bulls, depending on the cultivation technology. Scientific and economic experiments were conducted in three farms of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic: LLC firm Hammer (experience 1); SEC PZ Zarya -1 (experience 2) LLC Yugagrohim (experience 3) in 2021-2022. For the entire period of cultivation in crossbreeds (? Simmental + ? Aberdeen-Angus) in the first experiment, the average daily increase was 711 g, 8.5 energy feed units were spent on 1 kg of increase, while the increase in Simmental bulls was 655 g per day, 10.4 EQ was spent on 1 kg of increase, or 22.35% more. The crossbreeds (? Simmental + ? Kalmyk) were closer to the bulls of the Simmental breed in terms of growth and payment of feed. In the first, second and third experiments, the crossbreeds (? Simmental + ? Aberdeen-Angus) outperformed purebred simmentals by: pre-slaughter live weight by 29.7 (P&gt;0.999), 12.1 and 13.9 (P&gt;0.99) kg; the mass of the paired carcass by -18.5, 8.9 and 8.6 kg (P&gt;0.99 – 0.999); internal fat weight by – 3.1 (P&gt;0.999), 0.6 and 2.4 (P&gt;0.99) kg; slaughter weight by – 21.6, 9.5 and 10.2 kg (P&gt;0.99–0.999); slaughter yield by -1,07,0,66 and 0.49 abs.%; half-carcass weight by 9.1, 4,5. and 4.5 kg (P&gt;0.99–0.999); muscle mass by -6.13 (P&gt;0.999), 3.0 (P&gt;0.95) and 3.74 (P&gt;0.99) kg; adipose tissue by–3.75 (P&gt;0.99), 1.91 and 0.58 kg, respectively.