Slaughterhouse Research Articles

Development of triplex assay for simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli, methicillin resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in raw pork samples of retail markets.

Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are the most important food borne pathogen transmitting from animal meat and meat products. Therefore, it is vital to design an accurate and specific diagnostic tool for identifying those food-borne pathogens in animal meat and meat products. In the current study, E. coli, methicillin-resistant and sensitive S. aureus (MRSA and MSSA) were simultaneously detected using a developed triplex PCR-based technique. To obtain an optimal reaction parameter, the multiplex assay was optimised by changing just one parameter while holding the others constant. Specificity of the assay was assessed using several porcine bacterial template DNA. The plasmid DNA was used to test the multiplex PCR assay's sensitivity and interference in spiked pork samples. E. coli, MRSA, and MSSA each have PCR amplified products with sizes of 335, 533, and 209bp, respectively. The assay detects a minimum microbial load of 102CFU/μl for all the three pathogens and can identify bacterial DNA as low as 10-2ng/µl. The assay was validated employing 210 pork samples obtained from retail meat shops and slaughter houses, with MRSA, E. coli, and MSSA with the occurrence rate of 1.9%, 42.38%, and 18.1%, respectively. The rate of mixed bacterial contamination in pork meat samples examined with the developed method was 6.19%, 1.43%, 1.90%, and 1.43% for MSSA & E. coli, MRSA & E. coli, MSSA & MRSA, and E. coli, MSSA & MRSA, respectively. The developed multiplex PCR assay is quick and efficient, and it can distinguish between different bacterial pathogens in a single reaction tube.

Prevalence and characterization of non-typhoidal Salmonella in egg from grading and packing plants in Korea

Egg washing guidelines vary across countries; however, since 2020, Korea has required that all eggs produced from farms with more than 10,000 laying hens must be washed through egg grading and packing (GP) plant. This study investigated the prevalence and characterization of non-typhoidal Salmonella in eggs after washing at GP plants. In total, 16,800 eggs were collected from 60 egg GP plants located inside commercial layer farms, and 840 pooled eggshell and egg contents were tested for Salmonella, respectively. Of the 60 GP plants tested, 11 (18.3%) and 12 (20.0%) plants were positive for Salmonella spp. In the eggshells and egg contents, respectively. In particular, High Salmonella prevalence in the eggshells and egg contents occurred most often in farms with laying hens older than 80 weeks (33.3% and 40.0%, respectively). However, among 840 pooled eggshells and egg content samples, only 19 (2.3%) of each sample type were positive only for non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. The most common Salmonella serovar in both eggshells and egg contents was S. Infantis, which was found in five (8.3%) of 60 GP plants for both samples types. The other Salmonella serovars detected in eggshells were S. Bareilly (5.0%), S. Agona (3.3%), S. Enteritidis (1.7%), and S. Montevideo (1.7%), whereas those detected in egg contents were S. Enteritidis (5.0%), S. Agona (3.3%), S. Newport (3.3%), S. Senftenberg (3.3%), and S. Derby (1.7%). Of the 19 virulence genes tested, 14 genes were detected in all Salmonella. Interestingly, the spvB gene was detected only in S. Enteritidis, and the sefC gene was detected only in S. Enteritidis and S. Senftenberg. Moreover, all S. Infantis isolates showed multidrug resistance (MDR) against five or more classes, and the other serovars only showed MDR against three to four classes or no MDR. These results suggest that comprehensive surveillance and advanced management approaches for egg GP plants are required to minimize egg contamination with non-typhoidal Salmonella.

Mencari Hikmah Di Balik Tradisi: Makna Dan Tujuan Aqiqah Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur'an

Aqiqah, the slaughter of animals as a form of gratitude for the birth of a child, is a tradition that has long been practiced by Muslims. However, as time goes by, the meaning and purpose behind this tradition sometimes becomes blurred, even trapped in empty ritualism. This article aims to explore the meaning and purpose of aqiqah based on the perspective of the Qur'an. Using a literature review method with a focus on verses and interpretations related to aqiqah, this research concludes that aqiqah is more than just a tradition. Aqiqah is a form of devotion to Allah SWT, a form of gratitude for the blessing of the birth of a child, and a prayer for the child's safety and blessings in this world and the afterlife. Through slaughtering animals, aqiqah also contains social and human values, such as sharing with the community and building relationships. This article invites readers to reflect again on the practice of aqiqah, not only as a formality, but as a means of getting closer to Allah SWT and carrying out Islamic teachings with wisdom. In this way, aqiqah can be a moment full of meaning and bring blessings to children and families.

The 2022 Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever outbreak in Iraq

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an endemic, zoonotic, viral, and tick-borne disease that causes hemorrhagic symptoms. The disease has been reported in Iraq since 1979 comprising six cases between 1989 and 2009. Subsequently, 11, 3, and 33 cases were reported in 2010, 2018, and 2021, respectively. This study describes the 2022 Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) outbreak in different Iraqi governorates. In the 2022 outbreak, 212 cases of human CCHFV were reported between January 1 and May 22. These included 97 (46%) cases confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 115 (54%) suspected cases. Most human cases have been reported for livestock breeders and butchers. Approximately half of the confirmed cases (48%) were reported in the Dhi Qar governorate, whereas the others were reported in Missan, Muthanna, Wasit, Diwaniya, Karkh/Baghdad, Rusafa/Baghdad, Kirkuk, Basra, Najaf, Nineveh, Babylon, and Karbala. Patients with CCHFV showed symptoms of the pre-hemorrhagic phase, including sudden fever, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, nose bleeding, and abdominal and joint pain. Later, hemorrhagic symptoms started with unexplained bleeding lesions, ranging from small petechiae to large hematomas. The factors responsible for the re-emergence of CCHFV included a shortage of veterinary services during the COVID-19 pandemic and illegal slaughtering of animals outside the abattoirs. This led to massive tick infestations that acted as viral vectors. In conclusion, this is the first report documenting the 2022 CCHFV outbreak in Iraq, with a total of 212 patients and 27 overall deaths, including 13 laboratory-confirmed cases. The authors recommend improving veterinary services provided to farmers. Additionally, future studies need to be done including the sero-epidemiology and molecular studies on local livestock and ticks to understand their roles in circulating the virus to humans.

Continuity and discontinuity of rituals: Covid-19 pandemic in Southern Africa

The onset of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in late 2019 gave way to the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic that changed the world. These changes impacted many spheres of ritualised social life, including burial, funerary and cultural rituals, and rites of passage. In this article, we focus on the reorganisation of life and the reimagining of rituals arising from the Covid-19 pandemic in relation to ancestral veneration in Cacadu and Queenstown (Eastern Cape, South Africa), burial practices amongst Basotho (Lesotho), state funerals in Lusaka (Zambia), funerary and mortuary practice generally in South Africa, and everyday cultural practices of care in Eldorado Park (Gauteng, South Africa). In these sites, lockdown regulations saw ritual, burial and funerary practices carried out in novel, uncanny ways that unsettled communal support systems and obligations. This included the slaughtering of animals, or lack thereof, and changes in customary mourning practices at both communal and state level. In extrapolating the above, this article relies on ethnographic data gathered by way of in-depth interviews, participant observation and auto-ethnography, to explore and discuss how the pandemic has changed and (re)shaped burial, ritual and funerary practices in Southern Africa.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Food Safety of Beef Among Meat Handlers at Homes and Slaughter Houses in and Around Babich and Gedo Towns, West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia

Food safety refers to the situations and practices that prevent contamination of food with unwholesome chemicals or microbes, and remains a serious public health concern worldwide. Food-borne diseases have been known as a major human health problem occurring commonly in both developed and underdeveloped countries, particularly in African countries, because of unhygienic handling of food and poor sanitation practices. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to April 2022 in and around Babich and Gedo towns, West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. This study aims to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of meat handlers at homes and slaughterhouses regarding food safety of beef. To address these objectives 160 meat handlers at homes, 9 slaughter personnel were participated as sample respondents. Semistructured questionnaires and visual observation were used to collect data and the data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 20. Descriptive statistics such as tabulation, frequency, percentage and mean were used to analyze the survey data collected from respondents. The overall result of meat handlers at homes showed that their knowledge, attitude and practices of beef safety were 56.8%, 45.4% and 60.1%, respectively, which were below the acceptable level. The overall knowledge, attitude and beef safety practices of slaughter personnel were 56.67%, 68.15% and 42.86%, respectively, which were also below the acceptable level. This study found that meat handlers generally had low levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to food safety. This is mainly because of lack of training, poor structured slaughter facilities, improper waste and environmental management system. To improve meat safety through regular training of all actors along the meat chain on safe meat handling as well as general and personal hygiene requires great attention.

Prevalence and economic losses associated with foetal wastage in abattoir.

Both male and female food animals are slaughtered for meat. Some cows, ewes and does slaughtered are found with viable foetuses resulting in foetal wastage and loss of future replacement stock. Foetal wastage accounts for about 20%-25% of the decline in livestock numbers in sub-Saharan Africa. Slaughter of pregnant cows, ewes and does results in economic losses and threatens food security with consequent decrease in available animal proteins to the fast growing human population. Protein requirement for healthy human development is inadequate in most developing countries including Uganda. The prevalence and economic losses associated with foetal wastage were assessed in an abattoir. The study was cnducted to assess the prevalence of feotal wastage at the study abattoir and estimate the associated economic losses. The researchers supported by abattoir resident meat inspectors examined all slaughtered female animals during the study period. Gravid uteri obtained from slaughtered animals after dressing of carcasses were eviscerated using a sharp knife across the long axis to recover foetuses. The crown rump lengths (CRLs) of the recovered foetuses were measured using a tape measure, weighed on a scale and categorised into first, second and third trimesters. Prevalence of pregnant animals slaughtered was determined by calculating the percentage of pregnant animals over the total number of female animals slaughtered. Economic losses were estimated based on the monetary losses at birth, weaning, maturity, and carcass loss at weaning and maturity. The aggregate slaughters were bovine 604 (73.6%), caprine 169 (20.6%) and ovine 48 (5.9%). The overall prevalence of foetal wastage was 21.9%. The aggregate prevalence of foetal wastage by species include 160 (88.9%) cows, 8 (4.4%) heifers, 4 (2.2%) does and 8 (4.4%) ewes. Foetal wastage of cows by trimester included 62 (38.8%), 26 (16.25%) and 72 (45.0%) in first, second and third trimesters, respectively, translating into loss of US$13,055. Foetal wastage was high and the associated economic losses were substantial which undermines sustainability of the national herd. Farmers should be sensitised about the economic losses and long-term impact associated with foetal wastage and dissuaded from this practice. A policy is needed to deter farmers from selling pregnant animals for slaughter. A total of 168 bovine, 8 caprine and 12 ovine foetuses were wasted within 60 days study period. These foetal wastages translated to US$ 13,224 monetary losses at birth, US$ 31,849 monetary loss at weaning and US$ 57,0896 monetary loss at maturity.

Ritual connections: altars and installations of Late Bronze Age Cyprus and Iron Age Philistia as examples of continuity, change and nostalgia

The two-horned Philistine altar from the site of Tell es‑Safi/Gath is a hallmark find. Whilst this altar is the earliest of its kind in the Iron Age Levant, there are remarkable Late Bronze Age connections to the Cypriot horns of the consecration and slaughtering blocks/altars from Late Cypriot cult sites. The Philistine altar is hewn from stone and unworked on the back and rear sides, bearing resemblance to these Late Bronze Age Cypriote cult and ritual furnishings in both aesthetic design and possible use. Slaughtering blocks from Late Bronze Age Cyprus are rectangular stone blocks with shallow concave surfaces usually set into the floor. They have been historically interpreted as blocks for ritual slaughter of animals due to their proximity to faunal remains, however there is no concrete evidence which would suggest sacrificial use, such as blood or residue atop the surfaces. This paper will further investigate and illuminate these connections between the Levant and Cyprus as possible Philistine symbols of nostalgia, prestige and status emulating (or remembering) both the Aegean and Cyprus, a process which was prevalent up until around the 9th century BCE in Philistia and the wider Mediterranean. This paper will further analyze the Area D altar from Tell es‑Safi/Gath which may be an attempt at imitating the basic form of a Cypriot LC IIC/IIIA stepped altar with horns of consecration as a way of remembering parts of the Philistine Mediterranean past.

ОЦЕНКА ПАТОМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ В ЛЕГКИХ УБОЙНЫХ СВИНЕЙ

The lungs of 12 pigs were studied with the aim to determine morphological changes, caused on a slaughtering with carbon dioxide stunning. Pulmonary alveoli edema and fullness of blood vessels were found. Pathological lesions typical for blood aspiration were not detected. Also veterinary and sanitary standards for meat and animal slaughter products were investigated to find recommendations on lungs utilization with fullness of blood vessels lesions.

Screening and characterization of thermostable protease-producing bacteria isolated from slaughter site soil samples from Southern India

The current study was isolated and identified Bacillus cereus from an animal slaughter site in the South Indian state of Kerala, as a potent additive to detergents for enhancing stain removal efficacy. Identifying the isolates as B. cereus was confirmed through microbial biomass production, biochemical tests, protease-specific activity, and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Following the growth condition optimization, the protease enzyme was extracted from the biomass, exhibiting a protease activity of 72.212 ± 0.235 U/mL. Calcium, magnesium, and sodium positively influenced protease activity under the tested conditions and were negatively impacted by zinc, copper, and iron. The polar solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) supported enzyme activity, whereas the non-polar solvents hexane and chloroform completely inhibited it. The highest protease-specific activity of the crude extract following dialysis was 62.997 U/mg. The purified fractions of Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-Sephadex A50 anion exchange columns showed the highest enzyme-specific activity of 193.652 U/mg and 324.004 U/mg, respectively. The addition of crude protease to a generic detergent significantly enhanced its efficacy in removing fabric stains from cotton, polyester, and silk materials. Therefore, the isolated serine protease demonstrates significant potential for industrial applications.

Ekosistem Halal Rumah Potong Hewan

Slaughter person has an important role in determining the halalness and quality of the meat. Slaughterperson competence has been regulated in SKKNI No. 196 of 2014 concerning Indonesian national work competency standards for the categories of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, main groups of livestock support services in the field of halal animal slaughter. However, what happens between understanding the material during training and practice in the field is not easy to implement. This study aims to explore the understanding gaps of halal butchers about the critical points of halal slaughter in poultry at UD Dragon Broiler, Bantul and Sinar Raya Abadi, Sleman. The research method used was qualitative through observational data collection techniques and direct interviews with the butchers in charge of slaughtering at the slaughterhouse. The results of the study found that UD Dragon Broiler already has a certified halal slaughterman but acts as a supervisor, not a slaughterman, there are no banners containing procedures for the halal slaughter system, it's just that there is the word bismilah allahu akbar, and the competence of the slaughterers is based on experience, while RPA Sinar Raya Abadi do not yet have a certified halal slaughterman, there is a SOP for halal slaughter but it is very small, and the competence of the slaughterer is based on experience.

Brucellosis outbreak in a remote village in northwestern Tajikistan in 2023: a matched case-control study.

A sharp increase in reported brucellosis incidence was observed in northwestern Tajikistan (from 1.0/100,000 people in January-May 2022 to 32.7/100,000 in January-May 2023). Most (82%) cases were from the same remote mountainous village (population = 10,712). The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for brucellosis infection and mitigate disease risk. Using a case-control design, we conducted face-to-face interviews and collected blood samples during May-June 2023. Fifty-seven cases and 114 controls were recruited. Cases were the first person in a household diagnosed with brucellosis during February-June 2023 with positive serum agglutination test and antibody titers ≥1/160 from blood samples. Two controls were selected for each case (neighbors from different households matched by age and sex). Controls testing positive were excluded and replaced. We conducted conditional multivariable logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Among the 87 brucellosis patients reported, 57 (66%) agreed to participate and didn't have secondary cases in the household. Of the 57 cases, 68% were 15-44 years old, and 44% were male. Cases peaked in May 2023. Common symptoms were joint pain (95%), fever (84%), weakness (72%), and night sweats (65%). Of selected controls, 13% tested positive and were excluded. All cases and 94% of controls owned livestock (mostly cattle, sheep, or goats); no animals had not been vaccinated in the past 5 years. Brucellosis was associated with consumption of both homemade kaymak (clotted cream) and home-raised meat compared with neither (AOR: 59 [95%CI: 4.3-798], p < 0.01), home-raised meat but not kaymak compared with neither (AOR: 54 [4.0-731], p < 0.01), and involvement in animal slaughter compared with no involvement (AOR: 36 [2.8-461], p < 0.01). Contact with unvaccinated livestock or consumption of their products was a key contributor to this outbreak in a remote village of Tajikistan. With 13% of controls testing positive, true incidence was likely greater than reported. Following our investigation, a brucellosis awareness education campaign and animal vaccination campaigns were carried out in the region and only one case was reported in September 2023.

СПРИЙНЯТТЯ СТРАВ З ЇСТІВНИХ КОМАХ СПОЖИВАЧАМИ ПОСЛУГ ЗАКЛАДІВ ІНДУСТРІЇ ГОСТИННОСТІ

It has been determined that in modern conditions, growing insects for food usually requires much fewer resources than meat production, while edible insects can also complement other diets and provide the necessary nutrients into the body. The historical features of the use of insects as part of the human diet are considered. Three types of insect breeding have been identified: wild cultivation, semi-domestication and closed cultivation. It has been estimated that more than 2000 species of edible insects are consumed today worldwide. A comparative analysis of the composition of meat of slaughter animals and insects was carried out, it was determined that the content of individual nutrients differs significantly both in meat and in insects, while some of the edible species of insects have a higher energy value, a higher content of protein, fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol, compared to the meat of slaughter animals, but at the same time the content of insects is lower saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, thiamine, niacin, cobalamin, iron. The encouragement of insect consumption in food is characterized. and the United Nations Agricultural Organization (FAO) because of its environmental and human health benefits. The main ways of eating insects and the problem of allergenicity on insects are highlighted. The most commonly used species of insects for food are characterized. The problems of the impact of environmental pollution on the nutritional quality of insects are highlighted. The factors that need to be given importance to provide scientifically based recommendations for the development of environmentally sustainable production of edible insects for consumption, including the production and delivery of feed, product processing, are characterized. Trends in the development of the market for insect food products have been determined. Ways to increase consumer perception of edible insects are proposed. The results of a survey of the attitude of Ukrainian youth to the consumption of edible insects based on a survey are presented. It is concluded that the consumption of alternative proteins from insects is one of the ways to solve the problems of environmental protection, and edible insects can potentially become one of the sources of food in countries that do not have such cultural traditions, but for this insect-based food products to be similar to existing products, pleasant to the taste and have no visible signs of replacing traditional ingredients.

Prevalence of heart lesions in cattle, pigs, sheep and goats detected during veterinary checks in slaughterhouses with respect to animal welfare

The incidence of heart damage in cattle, pigs, sheep and goats slaughtered in slaughterhouses in the Czech Republic between 2010 and 2021 was monitored. Findings classified as acute, chronic, and parasitic were recorded during postmortem slaughterhouse examination. Significantly the highest incidence of acute heart damage was found in piglets (14.92%) and calves (4.03%) compared to other animal categories. The incidence of chronic heart damage was found to be significantly the highest for piglets (14.13%). Among fattening animals, the prevalence of chronic heart damage was significantly the highest for finisher pigs (8.19%), followed by bulls (1.33%), lambs (0.20%) and kids (0.15%). Among adult animals, the incidence of chronic heart damage was significantly the highest for cows (7.10%) followed by sows (5.21%), does (1.46%) and ewes (0.86%). Parasitic findings were rare in the period under review (&lt; 0.2% for ewes and &lt; 0.03% for the other monitored species and categories). In general, the highest incidence found was for chronic damage, followed by acute damage, and the lowest for parasitic damage, except for sheep, where the incidence of parasitic findings was higher than the incidence of acute findings. Overall, the highest number of pathological findings on the heart was found for piglets (29.06%), followed by calves (10.87%), i.e. culled young. Relatively high numbers of findings were also found for cows (9.84%), finisher pigs (8.43%), and sows (5.80%). For the other monitored species and categories, heart lesions were found in less than 3% of cases. The results provide insights into the overall heart health and welfare of slaughter animals.

Animal welfare in terms of lung health in cattle, pigs, sheep and goats assessed at slaughter

Lung health has a significant impact on the well-being of farm animals. In this study, the incidence of lung damage in cattle, pigs, sheep and goats was monitored in animals slaughtered in slaughterhouses in the Czech Republic between 2010 and 2021. In fattened animals (bulls, finisher pigs, lambs and kids), the incidence of lung damage was statistically significantly the highest in finisher pigs (39.08%) followed by lambs (25.2%), bulls (13.1%) and kids (6.4%). In adult animals (cows, sows, ewes and does), the incidence of lung damage was significantly the highest in ewes (39.5%), followed by cows (36.4%), sows (23.7%) and does (21.5%). For chronic lung damage, the results showed significantly the highest incidence in finisher pigs (37.2%) and young culled from farms (calves 34.0%, piglets 31.3%). For acute lung damage, the results showed significantly higher incidence in piglets (27.4%) and calves (9.7%) compared to other categories of slaughtered animals. In cows and sows, the findings ranged approximately between 6–8%, and did not exceed 2% in the other categories. For parasitic lung damage, significantly the highest findings were found in ewes (25.8%) followed by lambs (17.1%), does (5.8%) and kids (1.0%). The incidence of parasitic lung damage in cattle and pigs did not exceed 0.05%. The differences between chronic, acute and parasitic findings in each category of animals were significant. The findings of lung damage illustrate the fact that the welfare of slaughter animals is inadequate and should be increased.

Administering the maternal appeasing substance before slaughter to improve carcass characteristics of finishing cattle.

Two experiments evaluated carcass characteristics of finishing steers administered the maternal bovine appeasing substance (mBAS) prior to slaughter. In Exp. 1, 954 Angus-influenced finishing steers housed in 6 original pens were used. Each original pen was split into a pair of experimental pens 14.3 d ± 3 d prior to slaughter, in a manner that number of steers and average pen body weight (BW; 636 ± 4kg) were similar. An oiler containing mBAS (Ferappease Finish Cattle 5%; FERA Diagnostics and Biologicals; College Station, TX) was added to one of the experimental pens 7 d prior to slaughter (n = 6), whereas the other pen did not contain an oiler (CON; n = 6). The oiler delivered 120mL of mBAS/steer during a 7-d period. Steer BW was recorded 7 d prior to and during loading (final BW) to the packing plant. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.51) for BW gain, final BW, and proportion of carcasses that graded Choice or Prime. Carcass dressing percentage was greater (P = 0.02) in mBAS compared with CON steers (65.9% vs. 64.2%; SEM = 0.5), which was not sufficient to impact hot carcass weight (HCW; P = 0.29). Incidence of dark-cutting carcasses did not differ between treatments (P = 0.23). In Exp. 2, 80 Angus-influenced finishing steers housed in 16 pens (5 steers/pen; 600 ± 4kg of BW) were used. Pens were arranged in 4 rows of 4 pens/row, and rows were alternately assigned to receive an oiler containing mBAS (n = 8) or mineral oil (CON+; n = 8) 7 d prior to slaughter. Oilers were designed to deliver 120mL/steer of mBAS or mineral oil during the 7-d period. Steer BW was recorded as in Exp. 1, and a blood sample was collected during exsanguination. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.20) for BW parameters, carcass marbling score, backfat thickness, Longissimus muscle area, yield grade, and proportion of carcasses that graded Choice or Prime. Carcass dressing was greater (P = 0.02) in mBAS steers compared with CON + (60.6 vs. 59.6%; SEM = 0.3) but HCW did not differ (P = 0.47) between treatments. Plasma cortisol concentration was less (P < 0.01) in mBAS steers compared with CON + (11.7 vs. 20.8ng/mL; SEM = 1.6). Incidence of dark-cutting carcasses did not differ (P = 0.53) between treatments. In summary, mBAS administration to finishing cattle using oilers during the last 7 d on feed alleviated the adrenocortical stress response elicited by the process of slaughter, which likely resulted in increased carcass dressing.

Effect of binder inclusion on poultry slaughter house byproducts incorporated pet food characteristics and palatability

Effect of binder inclusion on poultry slaughter house byproducts incorporated pet food characteristics and palatability

Health Risk Assesment of Air Emitting from Different Abattoirs in Akure Metropolis of Ondo State, Nigeria.

The burden of diseases can be greatly reduced by reducing air pollution which is one of the greatest risks to health in our environments. The study assessed the different types of micro-organisms present in a major and minor abattoir in Akure metropolis of Ondo state, Nigeria and their sensitivity to Antibiotics. Pre-tested questionnaires were used to obtain socio-demographic information, how the environment of the abattoir is sanitized and diseases likely to be contacted from the workers working in the abattoirs. Different levels of occurrence of isolates were observed in the major and minor abattoirs and the total count was done with the total bacteria counts ranging from lowest to highest. The total count for Escherichia coli range from 3.6×10 cfu/ml to 6.5 ×10 cfu/ml, while the total bacteria count ranged from 1.34×10 cfu/ml to 2.55×10 cfu/ml, also total coliform ranged from 2.8×10 cfu/ml to 4.1×10 cfu/ml at the major abattoir. The total count for Escherichia coli range from 5.7×10 cfu/ml to 7.2×10 cfu/ml, while the total bacteria count range from 5.2×10 cfu/ml to 1.56×10 cfu/ml, also total coliform ranged from 3.4×10 cfu/ml to 4.3×10 cfu/ml at the minor abattoir. During gram staining test it was observed that three out of the eight organisms namely, Micrococcus luteus, bacillus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, were gram positive, while Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter aerogenes and Aeromonas sppwere gram negative. Antibiotic sensitivity was carried out on each of the isolates. Ciprofloxacin antibiotic had inhibitory effect on both grampositive bacteria with the highest effect on Staphylococcus aureus at 24mm and gram negative bacteria with highest result on Escherichia coli at 21mm. Therefore, there is presence of pathogenic micro-organisms especially Escherichia coli in the air environment of the abattoirs. Conclusively, there is need for routine environment sanitation of these slaughter houses because inhalation of air from these abattoirs can constitute a great environmental menace to the workers and residents around the area where they are situated, resulting in health complications to those with existing health challenges.

『조선왕조실록』에 나타난 ‘백정(白丁)’

Before the start of the Joseon Dynasty, nomads from various ethnicities entered the Korean Peninsula from the north. In the early Joseon Dynasty, the scattered inhabitants in the country, who were either the northern nomads or their descendants, began to be called Baekjeong. During the Joseon Dynasty, Baekjeong were primarily engaged in animal slaughter, leather manufacturing, crafting daily necessities from willow trees, and traveling to different villages to provide entertainment. To facilitate the integration of the Baekjeong with the natives, officials of the early Joseon Dynasty implemented several civilization policies, including allocating land for farming, registering them in the family register to encourage settlement, etc. Despite these efforts, Baekjeong were originally commoners but faced discrimination due to their status as outsiders in the early Joseon Dynasty, as they could not easily abandon their nomadic lifestyle. However, following the Imjinwaeran and the Byeongjahoran, the term Baekjeong underwent a change in meaning, evolving into a discriminatory label for individuals who no longer belonged to nomadic descent, but only worked in menial occupations such as slaughter and organic manufacturing, in a situation where they were completely assimilated with the native population. Baekjeong had the identity of northern nomads in the early Joseon Dynasty, but they played a significant role in shaping present-day Korean people through their assimilation with the native inhabitants of the Korean Peninsula.

EVALUATION OF MEAT PROCESSING KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE WITH SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF BUTCHERS

The present research set out to assess Bangladesh’s socioeconomic situation, meat processing knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP), and the state of the nation’s butcher shops. The investigation of 200 butcher shops was carried out between June 2022 and July 2023 using an organized questionnaire. The interview schedule addressed the butchers’ socioeconomic situation, the meat market’s infrastructure, their educational attainment and other characteristics. Seventy two percent of butchers chose agriculture as their secondary career, 98% were men, and 16% were illiterate. Each week the percentage of slaughter animals with the highest ratio (1-2) was 49%, and the percentage of animals with the lowest ratio (&gt;5) was 23%. The butchers incomes per month ranged between 30000 and 40000 (BDT), 34% had the highest proportion, and for those &gt;40000 (BDT), 16% had the lowest. The roofs of the butcher shops were tin sheds (90%). The drainage system is an important issue for butcher shops, which were subdivided into no sewerage (45%), soil made (26%), cannel (15%), and concrete (14%). It was concerning to learn that 27% of butchers were aware of an antibiotic withdrawal period. The meat shop’s biosecurity is currently appropriately managed to a 43% extent. 31% of butchers were knowledgeable about animal welfare and animal enjoyment. The negative effects of steroid use were known to 38% of butchers. Only 23 % of butchers knew about antibiotic resistance. In terms of meat handling and hygiene procedures, only 34% have training. The rs value of knowledge of quality meat, known as diseased animals, known as life-threatening zoonotic diseases, parasitic infestation knowledge, environmental pollution concern, knowledge of the antibiotic withdrawal period, knowledge of animal welfare, knowledge of the harmful effects of steroid use, knowledge of microbial resistance, and training on meat handling negatively correlated with the educational level and had a significant (p&lt;0.01) negative strongly (rs &gt; 0.3) relationship with the educational level. It indicates that the educational level increased with the improved awareness of knowledge about the health hazards of meat, which was significant (p&lt;0.01). To solve current challenges, the government and the appropriate authority in the livestock industry should take necessary action.