The results of experimental piloted ignition studies, when considered in the light of theoretical calculations, indicate that the primary criterion which must be satisfied in order to achieve sustained ignition of cellulose slabs in the continued presence of the ignition and heat sources is the attainment of a fixed fuel-generation rate per unit surface area. These results contrast with the piloted convection-ignition data of Bamford et al., which do not correspond to a constant fuel-generation-rate criterion. Rather, the latter data correspond to the threshold of sustained ignition upon removal of the heat and pilot sources for ‘thermally thick’ slabs where a thermal feedback criterion applies. Correlations of the experimental results (based upon four nominal slab thicknesses, three nominal slab densities and three source temperature levels) reveal that the ignition criteria are substantially influenced by the physical and thermal properties of the slabs. Therefore, the correlated experimental results of this study should prove useful to investigators interested in the ignition characteristics of pure cellulose slabs in the continued presence of a heat source.