The number of patients with post-traumatic and post- trepanation defects of the cranial vault, who need to restore the integrity of the skull, is growing every year, due to an increase in the number of severe traumatic brain injuries, as well as an increase in indications for decompressive craniotomy associated with traumatic brain injury, vascular pathology, neurooncology for relief of hypertensive -dislocation syndrome (Fig. 1) [ 1–3 ]. In the future, with stabilization of the condition and the disappearance of the risk of herniation of the brain substance, the presence of defects in the bones of the cranial vault causes in patients the "trepanned skull syndrome", which includes headaches, including those associated with changes in environmental conditions, neurosis-like and depressive disorders, cosmetic defects in in the form of retraction of the skin flap in the area of the defect, as well as protrusion of intracranial contents into the trepanation window during physical exertion, coughing, sneezing, etc. Such patients need to restore the integrity of the skull not only for cosmetic, but also for therapeutic purposes [ 2 , 4 ]. Modern works on this topic have shown that cranioplasty after decompressive craniotomy can improve the patient's neurological status, especially if performed early after decompressive craniotomy, which is of great importance for further rehabilitation and its timing [5, 6]. Currently, the optimal time for plasty of defects in the bones of the cranial vault is the interval from 1 to 6 months after decompressive craniotomy [1, 4]. Despite the apparent simplicity of this operation, cranioplasty remains a rather laborious and painstaking procedure for maxillofacial and neurosurgeons, associated with a potential risk of complications [7–9].