Skinner's Theory Research Articles

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar dan Karakter Gotong Royong Siswa Kelas 2 SDN 07 Panjang

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of Problem-Based Learning methods (Problem-Based Learning or PBL) in improving learning outcomes and mutual cooperation character of students in Grade 2 SDN 07 Panjang. The background of this study is based on The Independent curriculum that emphasizes strengthening the profile of Pancasila students, including the dimension of mutual assistance that is very relevant to social life in Indonesia. However, the implementation of The Independent curriculum in SDN 07 Panjang faces challenges, such as limited facilities and the need for training for teachers. These challenges can affect the formation of mutual cooperation characters in students as well as their academic learning outcomes. In this study, theories related to learning outcomes, Catholic Religious Education, and Problem-Based Learning Methods (PBL) are used as a basis for designing learning that can improve learning outcomes and mutual cooperation characters. Theoretical foundations such as Piaget's cognitive theory, Skinner's behavioristic theory, and Vygotsky's constructivism help to understand the mechanisms of effective learning. In addition, The Independent curriculum applied in Catholic Religious Education in Phase A supports the use of PBL to build student character, especially mutual aid. Through previous research, it was found that PBL was able to improve students ' social skills and learning outcomes. Studies by Nurhayati (2019) and Lestari (2017) show that the application of PBL in Catholic Religious Education subjects successfully improves understanding of religious teaching materials, student participation, and mutual cooperation characters. This study used the method of class action (CLA) which was carried out in two cycles. Each cycle includes a 105-minute opening, core, and closing activity. Subjects were 26 students of Grade 2 SD Phase A. Data were collected through observation and learning outcomes tests. The results showed that the application of PBL method significantly improved students ' cognitive learning outcomes and strengthened the character of mutual cooperation. In Cycle 2, there was an increase in student participation in group activities and understanding of the material.

APPLICATION OF B.F. SKINNER'S BEHAVIORISM LEARNING THEORY IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION LEARNING FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

This study aimed to know and describe the application of B.F Skinner's Operant Conditioning Behaviorism Learning Theory in Islamic Education learning at high school students and to know students' responses. In this study, the researchers described the forms of stimulus provision and the principles of Operant Conditioning B.F Skinner applied in Islamic Education learning. This research used qualitative methods. The data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and documentation. While data analysis is done with several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that B.F Skinner's Operant Conditioning Behaviourism Learning Theory in Islamic Education learning was successfully applied. The implication of this research shows that overall the application of the theory resulted in a good response and changes in student behaviour in a positive direction in the form of the formation of learning motivation, activeness, reinforcement and improved student memory.

English Grammar Test App An Assessment of Grammar Skill from the Lens of Computerized Software

The study aims to assess the significance of the English grammar test application for secondary-level students to improve their English language grammar skills. Using an appropriate smartphone application for teaching and learning ESL grammar skills is a challenge that must be considered. On the other hand, other associated challenges, such as internet connection, suitable ESL teaching pedagogy, learners' socio-cultural and socio-economic background, and low level of motivation among ESL learners, need a viable solution. Through mixed method techniques, pre-tests and post-tests were conducted. In both phases of the study, a purposeful sampling technique was used and the assigned teacher and a total of ten students were selected for filling in a questionnaire after the post-test. The data collected from the pre-test and post-test were analyzed through charts and tables, whereas the questionnaires were analyzed through QDA Miner and Word Stat. The study employed Skinner's learning theory of Behaviorism (1976) to practice stimulus, response, and reinforcement techniques. The findings concluded that although the students faced learning constraints, the teacher and the students positively responded to the English grammar test application. The study can be useful for ESL /EFL students in various contexts.

The Obligatory Roles and Responsibilities of Teachers on Learner Discipline, Case of Selected Schools in Nylstroom Circuit

Disciplinary measures and learner safety are critical components of effective teaching and learning. Lack of discipline has become a major problem in schools. The abolishment of corporal punishment led to an increase in violent incidents in schools. This study aims to provide educators with useful guidelines to help them understand their roles when instilling discipline in schools and to ensure learners have a clear understanding of the difference between discipline and corporal punishment. The study followed a qualitative research approach in exploring human elements and behavior. Interviews, observations, field notes, and questionnaires were used to collect data, with a case study design. The population consists of principals, disciplinary committee members, educators, and learners from three high schools. We used a purposive sampling method, selecting three members from each of the three schools. We used Skinner's behavioral theory model, which attempts to explain how repeated behavior with rewards alters bad behavior. We applied grounded theory, a method that employs inductive reasoning for data analysis. The study found that teachers, accustomed to the banned use of corporal punishment for discipline, find it challenging to adjust to new forms of discipline. The study revealed that parents find it difficult to accept the long-standing ban on corporal punishment and attempt to coerce teachers into applying it to their children. The study suggested educating learners about their mistakes and motivating them to avoid ill-discipline. Parents should instill morals and discipline in their children from a young age, as they model discipline and behavior at home.

Application Of Skinner's Behaviorist Learning Theory In Learning Arabic Speaking Proficiency/ Penerapan Teori Belajar Behavioristik Skinner Dalam Pembelajaran Maharah Kalam

Skinner's behaviorist theory is a behavior change caused by the interaction between stimulus and response. This theory views learning as a change in student behavior. The purpose of this study is to describe B.F. Skinner's behaviorist theory, its implementation in Arabic speaking skill/ Maharah Kalam learning, and the problems in its application. The research method used is a literature study with a qualitative approach. Research results 1. Behaviorist learning theory is a behavior change caused by the interaction between stimulus and response. This theory views learning as a change in student behavior. 2. Implementing behaviorism for Maharah Kalam learning includes introducing and creating a conducive environment, using supporting learning media, and providing reinforcement as a positive response to student behavior. Applying Skinner's behaviorist theory has proven effective in Maharah Kalam's learning, especially in creating a supportive learning environment and providing positive reinforcement. 3. The problems in its application include internal factors, such as intelligence, which influences their ability to adapt to the environment when learning Arabic, especially in learning to communicate in that language.

Co-Construction Online Learning Models in Early Childhood Education Management Courses

The challenge of online learning in higher education is that there is often a lack of focus on students taking part in lectures, which causes a loss of learning. This study aims to analyze the feasibility and effectiveness of the co-construction online learning model in early childhood education management courses. The research method uses a research and development approach with the ADDIE model. Data collection was carried out by interviews, questionnaires, and observations on 88 students taking early childhood education management courses. Product feasibility testing was carried out from questionnaire data analysis on 10 statement items using a four-rating scale, while observations and interviews were used to analyze the effectiveness of implementing the co-construction online learning model. Data analysis used qualitative descriptive and quantitative techniques to analyze the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing the co-construction online learning model. The results of the study in the electronic feasibility test for teaching materials achieved a score of 71.4%, which means it is feasible and does not need revision. While the effectiveness test was carried out twice with different timeframes, in the first data collection there were 73% of active students, then it increased in the second data collection with 88% of active students. This increase is to Skinner's theory of operant conditioning learning, where individual behavior is influenced by the repetition of actions received.

Metaphorical expressions for successful doctoral study abroad

Timely positive feedback to students pursuing a Ph.D. program motivates completion. Drawing upon Skinner's Reinforcement theory and Lakoff and Johnson's Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), this study aimed at uncovering metaphors employed in feedback practices by exploring the linguistic expressions of supervisors and peers, which encouraged students to complete their Ph.D. studies in Australia. The methodology employed the use of a semi-structured interview to delve into the lived experiences of two Indonesian Ph.D. students (currently EFL lecturers) during their studies in Australia. The results that the use of positive expressions from supervisors and peers strongly motivated the students to complete their Ph.D. programs. The four types of expressions used served to praise, give hope, give direction as feedback to support completion, and reminders to keep the student on track. The following expressions were commonly used to motivate completion: "Do not worry, mate, you will get there," and "Wow, it's great work! I understand it is not easy to write academically in such good English, but you did." These expressions metaphorically imply that: "PhD study is a journey," and "Work speaks louder than words." These findings suggest that positive verbal feedback from supervisors' and peers' can motivate PhD students' completion.

ACTUALIZATION OF TEACHERS' STRATEGIES IN OVERCOMING BULLYING AT MI HADRUL ULUM CISALAK

This study aims to: (1) describe the teacher's strategy in overcoming bullying behavior at MI Hadrul Ulum Cisalak (2) analyze the teacher's obstacles in overcoming bullying behavior atMIHadrul Ulum Cisalak. To answer the problems that occur in this study, the research used BF Skinner's Behaviorism Theory. The type of research used is a qualitative approach with a case study research method. The research location is at Madarasah Ibtidaiya (MI) Cisalak which is located at Cisalak Village. In data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation, while determining informants using purposive sampling techniques. Whereas in data analysis techniques using data collection techniques, data presentation, drawing conclusions, and data validity. The results of this study indicate that the teacher' strategy in overcoming bullying behavior at MI Hadrul Ulum Cisalak is: (1) knowing the root causes of bullying, (2) giving punishment (punishment), (3) making study groups, (4) giving advice to students who engage in bullying behavior and other students, (5) provide several services from BK to students who are victims of bullying and bullies, (6) provide rewards, (7) provide "stop bullying" programs, (8) supervise (Obstacles in overcoming bullying behavior are: (a) difficulties in controlling student behavior when outside school, (b) students who are victims of bullying are not open to reporting to teachers, (c) teachers lack understanding of bullying behavior).

Social Interaction And Behavior In The Silent Patient Novel

This research discusses the types of social interaction and behaviour of the main character in a novel entitled The Silent Patient by Alex Michaelides which was published in 2019. This research used descriptive qualitative method and focuses on Sheickman's theory of social interaction: co-operation, accommodation, and assimilation and Skinner's theory of behaviour: neutral operant, reinforces and punishers. Furthermore, the data were analysed using a descriptive qualitative method. Writer use the novel as a valid data instrument. The result of this study in finding out that there are several types of social interaction resulting in the occurrence of both positive and negative interactions that occur in the novel, there are 15 data that divided into two parts namely social interaction and impact of responses and how social interaction can influence the formation or change of a behaviour, the result shows that the change of behaviour only appear in negative responses, and the punishers in the form of punishment for a person behaviour so that the behaviour or action does not happen again, this is how the behaviour can affect social interaction as depicted in the novel.

BEHAVIORISM IN AYU UTAMI’S NOVEL SAMAN

Behavior is a series of causes and effects of the stimulus and response. The response occurs as a result of the given stimulus. In this regard, this study aims to dissect changes in the behavior of the major characters through stimulus and responses that occur in Ayu Utami's novel Saman. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with a literary psychology approach supported by Skinner's theory of behaviorism. According to Skinner, the relationship between stimulus and response occurs through interaction with the environment, which then causes changes in behavior. The data collection technique used in this research is library study. The data analysis technique in this research is descriptive qualitative which begins with data analysis, description of the classification results, and conclusions. The results show that the major characters in this novel experience behavioral changes through the perspective of stimulus and response related to two points of discussion: parental advice and love. In one case heeding parental advice brings good to others and in another disaster; so is love, one runs with risk and the other goes smoothly.

McClelland Acquired Need and Skinner’s Reinforcement Management Theories: Their Relevance in Today’s Organization

The growth of management theories, principles, and concepts in Nigeria is whether the application McClelland acquired need and Skinner’s reinforcement theories improve companies’ performance. In a qualitative study design, thematic and theoretical research approaches were employed. This study lends credence to the premise that management theories are influenced by the current business environment since theories have evolved over time to meet changing internal and external requirements of firms. These approaches may keep moving because the contingency theory emphasizes that there is not a single best method of management. According to the study, management philosophy is advancing rather than stagnating. Once upon a time, people thought that they were the only beings in the universe capable of having a true experience of themselves, but they were unable to understand themselves in modern society. In this work, the researcher reviews every aspect of the B. F. Skinner Reinforcement Theory of Motivation. This study reviews Skinner's reinforcement theory and McClelland's acquired need theories on companies’ performance. Giving a front-line employee the freedom to make decisions right away while considering the effects on the organization is empowerment. Attracting and keeping customers in service firms is a difficult undertaking. Employees who are given psychological support will be better able to take the initiative to provide for customers. The goal of the current paper is to investigate how psychological empowerment is impacted by motivational needs. The independent variable is the requirement for motivation while, the dependent variable of psychological empowerment. Different variables were measured using standard tools, and their effects on psychological empowerment were investigated. The relevance and association are determined and assessed using a variety of inferential statistics. The key finding is that psychological empowerment is significantly and positively correlated with all motivating demands, excluding connection. Certain organization was used because its staff members are expected to exhibit a high level of demand for affiliation.

Social Behavior Of Panrita Lopi Group In Bira Village, Bulukumba Regency

The purpose of this study was to analyze in depth the social behavior of the panrita lopi group. This study uses a qualitative method by analyzing the social behavior of the panrita lopi group and describing social phenomena that exist in the community. The types and sources of data used are primary data and secondary data. The data were analyzed using BF Skinner's theory of social behavior. The results showed that there was a change in the social behavior of the panrita lopi group, this change was generally influenced by the work environment, both from the aspect of social objects and non-social objects. This behavior change is in the aspect of a consumptive individual's lifestyle, in the social aspect of the reduced intensity of social interaction between individuals and society in general, but this does not apply to interactions between individuals and members of the panrita lopi group.

Peran Pengelola Perpustakaan dalam Menumbuhkan Budaya Gemar Membaca Siswa Tunarungu di Perpustakaan SLB-B Pangudi Luhur Jakarta

The decline in reading culture in school students is an issue that comes to the fore today. The government and schools have made various efforts to develop a reading culture. Many roles should be involved so that the student is in an environment that always encourages him to read hard. Library managers are an essential part of having a role in fostering a culture of reading. This study aims to determine the role and constraints of library managers in motivating the reading interest of deaf students in the library of SLB-B Pangudi Luhur a Jakarta. This study aims to determine library managers' roles and constraints in motivating the reading interest of deaf students. This research is descriptive with a qualitative approach and the case study method. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews and literature reviews. Using B. F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Learning Theory, research shows that library managers play their role in motivating deaf students' reading interest through mandatory library programs. The activities carried out by library managers in the program include storytelling, using picture books, composing for students to imagine, and collaborating with teachers. Library managers carry out these activities to encourage deaf students to read, especially when there are obstacles in the process of absorbing their ear language and difficulties in generating emotions such as anxiety, fear, anger, depression, and low communication resulting in a lack of self-confidence. Obstacles experienced by library managers in motivating students include the lack of adequate human resources and the lack of availability of new books. The manager of the SLB-B Pangudi Luhur Jakarta Library applies the oral/aural verbal communication method in communicating to support and make it easier to motivate the reading interest of deaf students.

The Behavioral Analysis of Media Social Utilization and Its Implications on the Adolescent Based on an Islamic Perspective

Social media users show a number that continues to grow. The use of social media has both positive and negative impacts. According to various studies, social media can affect mental health for long-term use. For this reason, research on the effects that arise due to the use of social media needs to be carried out continuously to minimize the harmful effects of using this media. This study aims to determine the impact of social media on changes in adolescent behavior. This study analyzes changes in adolescent behavior based on patterns of access to information. Furthermore, this study investigates the practice of adolescents in accessing and using information sources using Burhuss Skinner's theory and Social Islamic perspective. The results showed that adolescents tend to imitate behavior or Tasyabbuh. If it is not balanced with adequate literacy skills, changes in adolescent behavior have a destructive tendency. Study results show this harmful effect, which offers a negative correlation. Assistance and improvement of adolescent literacy competence will help adolescents reduce the adverse effects of using technology.

THE USE OF PICTURE SERIES MEDIA IN IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY OF RECOUNT TEXT VIA GOOGLE CLASSROOM IN CLASS VIII IN THE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL OF JEMBATAN BUDAYA

This study was aimed at analyzing (1) the student's ability to write recount text before and after applying the picture series as a teaching-learning media via Google classroom; (2) the strategy of implementing picture series as a teaching-learning media in enhancing the ability to write recount text via Google Classroom for the eighth-grade students at Jembatan Budaya Middle School. This study involved a form of qualitative descriptive design. The research respondents were 25 students in class VIIID at Jembatan Budaya Junior High School. The theory used for this research is Skinner's (1975) behaviouristic learning theory. In gaining the data, this research employed twice tests and direct observation. The pre-test was to determine the student's initial abilities in writing the recount text before applying the treatment, and the post-test was handed after the treatment. The observations were accomplished during the online treatment via Google Classroom to discover the strategy utilized for implementing picture series as a teaching-learning media. The results revealed that the use of picture series as a teaching-learning media via Google Classroom had a positive effect on students' ability to write recount text. It is evidenced by the enlargement in the students' average score from the pre-test of 47.56 to 77.28 in the post-test. The results of students' writing also proved that picture series media could help students develop their ideas in writing recount text. Furthermore, the study's results revealed that the strategy teachers use in applying picture series as teaching-learning media via Google Classroom is through discussion. The teachers' phases in teaching via Google Classroom were uploading learning materials, involving students, giving examples based on the picture series media uploaded by the teacher, and the training stage as strengthening understanding of the learning material.

Behaviorism, Skinner, and Operant Conditioning: Considerations for Sport Coaching Practice

The aim of this article is to provide a concise overview of the theoretical assumptions of behaviorism, which generally informs “traditional” approaches to sport coaching. B.F. Skinner's (1904–1990) theory of operant conditioning is discussed, alongside considerations for sport coaching practice. For coaches who draw upon the principles of Skinner's theory of operant conditioning, four reflective questions are posed. This article does not attempt to present behaviorism or Skinner's work as superior or inferior to any other theory of learning. Rather, this article is founded on the belief that sport coaches would benefit from a greater understanding of their assumptions about learning, enabling them to make more informed choices and modifications to their practice.

Penerapan Teori Belajar Behavioristik B.F Skinner dalam Memotivasi Siswa pada Pembelajaran PAI di Sekolah Dasar

The background that prompted the researcher to conduct this research was to apply B.F Skinner's learning theory to PAI learning and to be able to motivate students in PAI learning worship materials in class. As we know that there are still many students who experience a decline, especially in their morals. Teachers are responsible for correcting the moral decline that occurs in the classroom, both religious teachers and other teachers. Therefore, Islamic religious education is able to improve, change things that are not good, shortcomings and weaknesses in student beliefs. This relates to the formation of behavior in accordance with the theory of B.F Skinner. The purpose of this study was to find out how the process of applying B.F Skinner's theory in PAI learning in the classroom. With the implementation of learning based on the process of learning theory B.F Skinner is expected to be able to motivate students in the spirit of learning. The method that researchers use in this research is a type of qualitative research. The results showed that with the application of B.F Skinner's theory, students who previously had unruly behavior and lacked learning skills, after applying this theory, students' learning motivation and morals increased.

EFFECT OF SKINNER'S LEARNING THEORY WITH PICTURE AND PICTURE MODEL ON THE ABILITY OF MATHEMATICAL UNDERSTANDING OF STUDENTS IBNU HAJAR MANDIRI

Mathematics is often considered a scourge for the field of study that is considered difficult and boring, the learning carried out is teacher-centered where students are less active and only accept the learning delivered by the teacher. Based on this background, the purpose of this research is to find out the improvement of students' mathematical understanding skills whose learning uses Skinner's learning theory through picture and picture models, to find out the differences in students' mathematical understanding abilities who use Skinner's learning theory through picture and picture models with those who do not use Skinner's learning theory but through the picture and picture model, and knowing the student's response to learning using Skinner's learning theory through the picture and picture model. The research method used is a true experimental method with a population of all eighth-grade students of Ibnu Hajar Mandiri Bekasi Junior High School for the 2020/2021 academic year. Sampling was done purposively. The instrument is a test about the description of students' mathematical understanding abilities on function material and questionnaire sheets. The results showed that learning mathematics using Skinner's learning theory through picture and picture models can improve students' mathematical understanding skills, besides that there are differences in the mathematical understanding of students whose learning uses Skinner's learning theory through picture and picture models with students whose learning does not use Skinner's learning theory but through picture and picture models. The student's response after using Skinner's learning theory through the picture and picture model was considered good. This shows that only a small number of students still consider mathematics a very difficult and boring subject.

Influence of Conditional Cash Transfers on the Uptake of Maternal and Child Health Services in Nigeria: Insights From a Mixed-Methods Study.

Background: Increasing access to maternal and child health (MCH) services is crucial to achieving universal health coverage (UHC) among pregnant women and children under-five (CU5). The Nigerian government between 2012 and 2015 implemented an innovative MCH programme to reduce maternal and CU5 mortality by reducing financial barriers of access to essential health services. The study explores how the implementation of a financial incentive through conditional cash transfer (CCT) influenced the uptake of MCH services in the programme.Methods: The study used a descriptive exploratory approach in Anambra state, southeast Nigeria. Data was collected through qualitative [in-depth interviews (IDIs), focus group discussions (FGDs)] and quantitative (service utilization data pre- and post-programme) methods. Twenty-six IDIs were conducted with respondents who were purposively selected to include frontline health workers (n = 13), National and State policymakers and programme managers (n = 13). A total of sixteen FGDs were conducted with service users and their family members, village health workers, and ward development committee members from four rural communities. We drew majorly upon Skinner's reinforcement theory which focuses on human behavior in our interpretation of the influence of CCT in the uptake of MCH services. Manual content analysis was used in data analysis to pull together core themes running through the entire data set.Results: The CCTs contributed to increasing facility attendance and utilization of MCH services by reducing the financial barrier to accessing healthcare among pregnant women. However, there were unintended consequences of CCT which included a reduction in birth spacing intervals, and a reduction of trust in the health system when the CCT was suddenly withdrawn by the government.Conclusion: CCT improved the utilization of MCH, but the sudden withdrawal of the CCT led to the opposite effect because people were discouraged due to lack of trust in government to keep using the MCH services. Understanding the intended and unintended outcomes of CCT will help to build sustainable structures in policy designs to mitigate sudden programme withdrawal and its subsequent effects on target beneficiaries and the health system at large.

Acquisition of Kosa Kata Bahasa Karo of a Four Year Karonese Child

Acquisition of Kosa Kata Bahasa Karo of a Four Year Karonese ChildEndamya Bevi Nesra Barus, Elia Masa GintingsUniversitas Negeri MedanAbstractThis study analyzed the acquisition of kosa kata Bahasa Karo of a fouryear old Karonese Child. The instrument of collecting data is by voice recordingof child in his daily activity. Particular attention is seeing aspects that affectchild’s acquisition as defined by using theory of Skinner, Behaviorist Theory. Theresult show that the child acquired 5 words of noun, 3 words of verb, 5 words ofadjective, 2 words of adverb, 2 words of pronoun, 1 word of preposition, 1 wordof conjunction, and 6 words of interjection. There are 2 aspects that affect child’sacquisition namely social interaction with his environment and imitation frompeople around him.Keywords: Child’s Acquisition Word, Skinner Theory, Karonese Child.