Skin Wounds In Rats Research Articles

Photocuring and Gelatin-Based Antibacterial Hydrogel for Skin Care.

The development of moisturizing, antibacterial, and biocompatible multifunctional hydrogels is essential to protect skin and promote skin defects recovery. Gelatin has admired potential to be applied for skin care as a hydrogel in virtue of its hydrophilic biocompatible and biodegradable properties. In this study, triclosan-grafted gelatin and photo-cross-linkable methacrylated gelatin were synthesized and then combined to construct the semi-interpenetrating network and antibacterial hydrogels with the aid of a visible blue light. The antimicrobial test demonstrated that the resulting hydrogel obtained excellent inactivation capacity against E. coli, S. aureus, T. rubrum, and C. albicans with sterilizing rates of 99.998%, 99.998%, 99.19%, and 99.64%, respectively. In addition, the cytotoxicity, hemolysis, skin irritation, and rat skin wound healing experiments proved the good biocompatibility of the hydrogel. Therefore, this investigation sheds light on the development of multifunctional hydrogels in skin care.

Spray-coating of a hydrophobic poly(tetrafluoroethylene) membrane with a copolymer containing sulfobetaine methacrylamide to boost hydration and reduce biofouling in view of improving diabetic wound management and alleviate the immune response

In spite of being an application that tends to be overlooked by membranologists, chronic skin wound healing can be tackled by innovating approaches starring advanced porous membrane materials creating a suitable environment for wound management. Here, we fabricated porous poly(tetrafluoroethylene) membranes decorated with sulfobetaine methacrylamide moieties using a spray-coating method following surface activation by plasma. The zwitterionization permitted to reach improved hydration (WCA of 70°, down from 114°) and quasi-neutral zeta potential (−3 mV up from −68 mV) which rationalized low non-specific protein adsorption (reduced by 88% with fibrinogen), low bacterial and blood fouling (Escherichia coli and whole blood attachment decreased by 98% and 92%, respectively), all the while maintaining very high survival rate of fibroblasts (89%). Improved hydrophilicity and porous features arose in a water vapor transmission rate (>3000 g m−2.day−1) thought to be appropriate to the healing of highly exuding chronic wounds. Applied on skin wounds of diabetic rats, the zwitterionic antifouling biocompatible porous membranes led to faster closure than a commercial dressing (87% vs. 79% after 14 days) by efficiently alleviating the inflammation response. From a histological analysis ran during the inflammation period, infiltrates in the tissue were measured to be 830 ± 240 cells/mm2, against 1507 ± 321 cells/mm2 with the commercial material. Thus, the results of this work demonstrate the benefit of using antifouling porous membranes which reduce the immune response, leading to better and faster healing of chronic wounds. This widens the range of applications for such membranes.

Mechanism of wound repair in diabetic rats using nanosilver-free alginate dressing.

Nanosilver-alginate dressing can effectively promote the healing of diabetic wounds in rats. However, due to the potential toxicity of nanosilver, its widespread application in hard-to-heal wound healing is limited. In the present study, the role and potential mechanism of nanosilver-free alginate gel (NSFAG) in the healing process of diabetic wounds were explored. A diabetic rat skin wound model was established, and wounds were treated with saline (NC group), nanosilver gel (NSG group) or nanosilver-free alginate gel (NSFAG group) for seven consecutive days. NSFAG significantly promoted wound healing and increased the content of protein and hydroxyproline in granulation tissues, and was superior to NSG (p<0.05). Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the skin wound tissue structure of the NSFAG group was intact, and the number of skin appendages in the dermis layer was significantly higher compared with the NC group and the NSG group (p<0.05). Western blot analysis found that the protein expression of the epidermal stem cell marker molecules CK19 and CK14 as well the proliferation marker of keratinocytes Ki67 in the NSFAG group was significantly higher compared with the NC group or NSG group (p<0.05). Additionally, the proliferation marker of keratinocytes Ki67 in the NSFAG group was significantly higher compared with the NC or NSG group (p<0.05). Immunofluorescence staining analyses indicated that the CK19- and CK14-positive cells were mainly distributed around the epidermis and the newly formed appendages in the NSFAG group, and this result was not observed in the NC or NSG groups. The present findings demonstrate that NSFAG can effectively accelerate wound healing in diabetic rats by promoting epidermal stem cell proliferation and differentiation into skin cells, as well as formation of granulation tissue, suggesting that it can be a potential dressing for diabetic wounds.

Serum lipidomics-based study of electroacupuncture for skin wound repair in rats.

Lipid metabolism plays an important role in the repair of skin wounds. Studies have shown that acupuncture is very effective in skin wound repair. However, there is little knowledge about the mechanism of electroacupuncture. Thirty-six SD rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated group, model group and electroacupuncture group, with six rats in each group. After the intervention, orbital venous blood was collected for lipid metabolomics analysis, wound perfusion was detected and finally the effect of electroacupuncture on skin wound repair was comprehensively evaluated by combining wound healing rate and histology. Lipid metabolomics analysis revealed 11 differential metabolites in the model versus sham-operated group. There were 115 differential metabolites in the model versus electro-acupuncture group. 117 differential metabolites in the electro-acupuncture versus sham-operated group. There were two differential metabolites common to all three groups. Mainly cholesteryl esters and sphingolipids were elevated after electroacupuncture and triglycerides were largely decreased after electroacupuncture. The electroacupuncture group recovered faster than the model group in terms of blood perfusion and wound healing (p < 0.05). Electroacupuncture may promote rat skin wound repair by improving lipid metabolism and improving local perfusion.

Experimental study on the effect and mechanism of adipose stem cell-derived exosomes combined with botulinum toxin Aon skin trauma in rats.

Adipose stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-EXO) and botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) individually showed a therapeutic effect on skin wound repair. This study investigated their synergistic effect on promoting skin wound healing in vitro and in vivo and the underlying molecular events. ADSCs were isolated from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to obtain ADSC-EXO by ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation and were confirmed using nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Human skin fibroblasts (HSF) were cultured and treated with or without ADSC-EXO, BTX-A, or their combination. Changes in cell phenotypes and protein expression were analyzed using different in vitro assays, and a rat skin wound model was used to assess their in vivo effects. The isolated ADSC-EXO from primarily cultured ADSCs had a circular vesicle shape with a 30-180 nm diameter. Treatment of HSF with ADSC-EXO and/or BTX-A significantly accelerated HSF migration in vitro and skin wound healing in a rat model. Moreover, ADSC-EXO plus BTX-A treatment dramatically induced VEGFA expression but reduced COL III and COL I levels in vivo. ADSC-EXO and/or BTX-A treatment significantly upregulated TGF-β3 expression on Day 16 after surgery but downregulated TGF-β1 expression, suggesting that ADSC-EXO plus BTX-A promoted skin wound healing and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. The ADSC-EXO plus BTX-A treatment demonstrated a synergistic effect on skin wound healing through upregulation of VEGF expression and the TGF-β3/TGF-β1 and COL III/COL I ratio.

Histological Evaluation of Skin Wound Healing After Using the Human Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells in Male Diabetic Rats

Background and Objectives The use of stem cells for skin wound healing is still facing serious challenges. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) spray in histologically improving skin wounds in male diabetic rats. Subjects and Methods In this experimental study, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from adipose tissue and cultured and characterized by evaluating the expression of specific CD markers. Microbial contamination in samples was assessed before treatment. Then, 18 male Wistar rats were divided into control and treatment groups. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin. Then, wounds with a diameter of 0.8 cm were created in the back of the rats. The ADSCs were sprayed on the wound area in the treatment group. Wound healing was assessed on days 7, 14, and 21 after treatment using visual observation and histopathological examination. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results Wound closure was accelerated on days 7, 14 and 21 in the treatment group compared to the control group. Histological examination showed that the skin thickness, angiogenesis, and epithelialization were higher in the treatment group on days 7, 14, and 21 compared to the control group. Conclusion The spray of ADSCs on the wound area can accelerate the healing process and can be used for skin wound repair.

Tissue Extract from Brittle Star Undergoing Arm Regeneration Promotes Wound Healing in Rat.

This study set out to evaluate the wound healing properties of brittle star extracts in vitro and in vivo. Due to the great arm regeneration potential of the brittle star, Ophiocoma cynthiae, the present study aimed to evaluate the wound healing effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of brittle star undergoing arm regeneration in wound healing models. The brittle star samples were collected from Nayband Bay, Bushehr, Iran. After wound induction in the arm of brittle stars, hydroalcoholic extracts relating to different times of arm regeneration were prepared. The GC-MS analysis, in vitro MTT cell viability and cell migration, Western blot, and computational analysis tests were performed. Based on the in vitro findings, two BSEs were chosen for in vivo testing. Macroscopic, histopathological and biochemical evaluations were performed after treatments. The results showed positive proliferative effects of BSEs. Specifically, forty-two compounds were detected in all groups of BSEs using GC-MS analysis, and their biological activities were assessed. The MTT assay showed that the 14 d BSE had a higher proliferative effect on HFF cells than 7 d BSE. The cell migration assay showed that the wound area in 7 d and 14 d BSEs was significantly lower than in the control group. Western blot analysis demonstrated an increase in the expression of proliferation-related proteins. Upon the computational analysis, a strong affinity of some compounds with proteins was observed. The in vivo analysis showed that the evaluation of wound changes and the percentage of wound healing in cell migration assay in the 7 d BSE group was better than in the other groups. Histopathological scores of the 7 d BSE and 14 d BSE groups were significantly higher than in the other groups. In conclusion, the hydroalcoholic extract of O. cynthiae undergoing arm regeneration after 7 and 14 days promoted the wound healing process in the cell and rat skin wound healing model due to their proliferative and migratory biological activity.

Developing hyaluronic acid-proline-ferric ion cross-linked film for efficient wound healing application

A novel cross-linked film dressing that can accelerate wound healing and guard against bacterial infection was presented in this work. The hyaluronic acid-proline-ferric ion (HA-Pro-Fe3+) film was successfully prepared by physically cross-linking method, which the carboxyl groups of the HA and Pro molecules should be in coordination with Fe3+. The HA-Pro-Fe3+ cross-linked film showed three-dimensional porous structure, appropriate water vapor permeability and swelling property, favorable cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility, antibacterial and antioxidative capability. The results of rat skin wound healing confirmed that HA-Pro-Fe3+ film could accelerate epithelial regeneration and collagen deposition, promote angiogenesis and significantly improve skin wound healing. Elisa analysis indicated that HA-Pro-Fe3+ material could down-regulate the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, and up-regulate the level of TGF-β1 and VEGF. Given its biocompatibility, antibacterial ability, promotion of cell proliferation and angiogenesis, the wide application of HA-Pro-Fe3+ cross-linked film in wound repair would be anticipated.

Injection of stem cells derived from allogeneic adipose tissue, a new strategy for the treatment of diabetic wounds

A diabetic wound is one of the major complications of Diabetes mellitus. Considering the impact of these wounds on the health and quality of life of diabetic patients, the need for a suitable treatment is essential. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) play a role in healing diabetic wounds. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of ASCs on skin wound healing in diabetic rats. Rats were divided into three groups, diabetics treated with ASCs, non-diabetic, and diabetic (treated with phosphate-buffered saline). Skin wounds and its margin were examined to measure the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and histopathological examinations on three, six, and nine days after wound formation and treatment. As a result, the administration of ASCs can reduce the healing time of skin wounds in diabetic rats by controlling inflammation and increasing angiogenesis.

Healing of a skin wound when using Trigonella foenum‑graecum against the background of experimental steroid hyperglycemia

Purpose. To evaluate the intensity of healing of an infected skin wound in rats using Trigonella foenum- graecum (Fenugreek) against the background of experimental steroid hyperglycemia.Materials and methods. The rats included in the study (n = 20) were divided into two equal groups. First, a model of steroid hyperglycemia was created for all animals. Then the same animals (n = 20) were used to create models of infected skin wound. The rats of the first group (the main one) were treated with wound surface ointment containing Trigonella foenum- graecum. Also, Trigonella foenum- graecum extract was constantly added to the water for the rats of the first group. Intact vaseline ointment was applied to the wound of the second group (control) rats. After 5 days, we evaluated the wound regeneration activity, blood glucose levels, and blood panel in all animals.Results. This study showed several positive aspects of the use of Trigonella foenum-g raecum in terms of treatment of infected skin wounds in animals with steroid hyperglycemia. The decrease in glucose levels almost to baseline values in the rats of the main group against the background of oral administration of Trigonella foenum-g raecum was recorded. By the end of the observation, the level of glycemia was almost two times less in animals of the first group compared to the second (p &lt; 0.05). In animals of the first group, the number of leukocytes was higher compared to the second group, but this difference was not significant. However, we recorded a significant increase in the number of granulocytes by more than two times (p &lt; 0.05), which indicates the immunomodulatory property of Trigonella foenum- graecum, which affected the regeneration activity of the infected wound in a positive way in rats of the first group.Conclusion. As a result of this study, promising prospects have been obtained for the use of the plant‑ derived drug Trigonella foenum- graecum in the correction of hyperglycemia and the treatment of infected wounds. Application of fenugreek topically in the form of an extract reduced inflammation and improved wound healing in rats suffering from steroid hyperglycemia.

The effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on the healing of the incisional skin wound in rats

The effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on the healing of the incisional skin wound in rats

The Effect of Sambang Darah Leaf Filtrate (Excoecaria Cochinchinensis L) to Reduce The Bleeding Time in Skin Wounds of White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

Hemostasis is the process of stopping bleeding from a damaged blood vessel. When bleeding occurs, the body will naturally respond with a hemostatic mechanism to stop the bleeding. Indonesian people have long used plants in medicine, one of which is sambang darah (Excoecaria cochinchinensis L) plant. Sambang darah has a chemical compound that is thought to stop bleeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of sambang darah filtrate to reduce the bleeding time in skin wounds of white rats (Rattus norvegicus). This study is a pre-experimental study with a static group comparison approach. The number of experimental units in this study were 10 white rats which were divided into treatment group and control group. Data analysis used the Independent Sample T Test. The results showed that the average of bleeding time in the skin wounds of white rats without drops of sambang darah leaf filtrate was 252 seconds. While the average of bleeding time in the skin wounds of white rats with drops of sambang darah leaf filtrate is 163 seconds. The conclusion of this study is sambang darah (Excoecaria cochinchinensis L) leaf filtrate have a potential to reduce the bleeding time in the skin wounds of white rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Flexible, Breathable, and Self-Powered Patch Assembled of Electrospun Polymer Triboelectric Layers and Polypyrrole-Coated Electrode for Infected Chronic Wound Healing.

Chronic wound healing is often impaired by bacterial infection and weak trans-epithelial potential. Patches with electrical stimulation and bactericidal activity may solve this problem. However, inconvenient power and resistant antibiotics limit their application. Here, we proposed a self-powered and intrinsic bactericidal patch based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). Electrospun polymer tribo-layers and a chemical vapor-deposited polypyrrole electrode are assembled as the TENG, offering the patch excellent flexibility, breathability, and wettability. Electrical stimulations by harvesting mechanical motions and positive charges on the polypyrrole surface kill over 96% of bacteria due to their synergistic effects on cell membrane disruption. Moreover, the TENG patch promotes infected diabetic rat skin wounds to heal within 2 weeks. Cell culture and animal tests suggest that electrical stimulation enhances gene expression of growth factors for accelerated wound healing. This work provides new insights into the design of wearable and multifunctional electrotherapy devices for chronic wound treatment.

Regeneration of an infected skin wound under conditions of experimental steroid hyperglycemia

Purpose. To evaluate the regeneration of an infected skin wound in experimental steroid hyperglycemia in rats.Materials and methods. Regeneration of an infected rat skin wound (n = 30) was evaluated on the background of steroid hyperglycemia. Depending on the type of wound surface treatment, all observed animals were divided into 3 groups: the first group (n = 10) was treated with an ointment containing Cymbopogon proximus per os administration; the second group (n = 10) was treated with an ointment containing sodium fusidate 2 %; the third group (n = 10, control) the wound was treated with vaseline. After five days, local changes in the wound area and the activity of its regeneration were evaluated. We also studied the blood changes: the composition of the shaped elements and the content of total protein, albumins, transaminase activity (ALT, AST), total cholesterol, urea and creatinine.Results. The use of Cymbopogon proximus orally by rats of the first group, with induced diabetes mellitus, contributes to a decrease in serum glucose levels by almost two times compared with the second and third groups. Ointment containing Cymbopogon proximus has immunomodulatory properties: it prevents the development of leukopenia, promotes the activation of agranular immunocytes. The use of Cymbopogon proximus extract has a positive effect on the rate of wound regeneration due to several factors: reduction of hyperemia and edema, stimulation of leukocyte activity, and as a consequence activation of regeneration. We did not find a significant difference in the rate of wound regeneration when treated with an ointment based on Cymbopogon proximus extract and an ointment containing sodium fusidate (p &gt; 0.05).Conclusion. The regeneration activity of an infected wound in rats with steroid hyperglycemia does not significantly differ when treated with antimicrobial ointment and Cymbopogon proximus. The extract of Cymbopogon proximus has a double effect in vivo: it reduces glucose levels and promotes wound healing in the condition of hyperglycemia, which is promising in the treatment of complications in diabetes mellitus.

Peptide RL-QN15 promotes regeneration of epidermal nerve fibers and recovery of sensory function in diabetic skin wounds.

Epidermal nerve fiber regeneration and sensory function are severely impaired in skin wounds of diabetic patients. To date, however, research on post-traumatic nerve regeneration and sensory reconstruction remains scarce, and effective clinical therapeutics are lacking. In the current study, localized treatment with RL-QN15, considered as a drug candidate for intervention in skin wounds in our previous research, accelerated the healing of full-thickness dorsal skin wounds in diabetic mice and footpad skin wounds in diabetic rats. Interestingly, nerve density and axonal plasticity in the skin wounds of diabetic rats and mice, as well as plantar sensitivity in diabetic rats, were markedly enhanced by RL-QN15 treatment. Furthermore, RL-QN15 promoted the proliferation, migration, and axonal length of neuron-like PC12 cells, which was likely associated with activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway. The therapeutic effects of RL-QN15 were partially reduced by blocking the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway with the inhibitor LY294002. Thus, RL-QN15 showed positive therapeutic effects on the distribution of epidermal nerve fibers and stimulated the recovery of sensory function after cutaneous injury. This study lays a solid foundation for the development of RL-QN15 peptide-based therapeutics against diabetic skin wounds.

Charge‐Driven Self‐Assembled Microspheres Hydrogel Scaffolds for Combined Drug Delivery and Photothermal Therapy of Diabetic Wounds

AbstractThe treatment of diabetic wound remains a big clinical challenge. Hydrogel that can provide physical barrier and humidity displays amazing potentials for managing the diabetic wounds healing. Herein, a new charge‐driven self‐assembled microsphere hydrogel scaffold (SMHS) is reported based on an electric charge interaction, by combining use of black phosphorus (BP)‐contained chitosan methacryloyl (CS) microspheres with positive charge and basic fibroblast growth factor‐contained hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HA) microspheres with negative charge. The weak charge attraction among microspheres gives the SMHS the injectable characteristic. Due to the existence of BP, near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation has obvious effects on the degradation and drug release behaviors of SMHS. Significantly, SMHS that combines the short‐term physical (photothermal) intervention and long‐term chemical (drug release) intervention may be promising in spatio‐temporal regulation of regenerative microenvironment. SMHS with NIR irradiation (SMHS+NIR) can promote cell proliferation, cell migration, angiogenesis and macrophage polarization. Moreover, in diabetic rat skin wounds, SMHS+NIR significantly accelerates the wound healing process by simultaneously inhibiting the inflammatory response, promoting angiogenesis and tissues remodeling. The outcome of this research not only provides a biomaterial for diabetic wounds healing, but also demonstrates a new strategy for designing novel hydrogel‐based biomaterials which have the free editing and combination functions.

Evaluation of collagen type I and III, TGF-β1, and VEGF gene expression in rat skin wound healing treated by alginate/chitosan hydrogel containing crocetin

Skin tissue engineering is one of the popular strategies are used to improve the wound healing process. In this study, different concentration of Crocetin (Crot) were loaded into a three-dimensional (3D) alginate (Alg) and chitosan (CS) hydrogel to improve wound healing process. After hydrogel preparation, it is characterized with different experiments such as morphology evolution, water absorption, cumulative release, weight loss, hemo- and cytocompatibility, cell viability, and antibacterial properties. Then, the therapeutic role of the prepared hydrogel was investigated in a full-thickness dermal wound in a rat model with analyzing RNA expression and histology. The results showed that fabricated hydrogels had sufficient porosity and the weight loss test verified the appropriate biodegradability of the prepared hydrogel (about 90% after 14 days) that can release enough of the Crot without any toxicity effect. In addition, the in vivo findings showed that the alginate/chitosan/crocetin 150 µM group had the highest wound closure percentage, re-epithelialization, and gene expression. Furthermore, rt-PCR revealed that 150 µM crocetin increased the expression of Collagen type I, III, VEGF, and TGF-β mRNA. Overall, this research indicates that 3D Alg/CS hydrogels containing 150 µM crocetin may be used in the clinic to treat skin injuries.

Histomorphometric evaluation of skin wounds in rats submitted to biomodulatory therapies – research protocol

INTRODUCTION: The use of biomodulatory therapies in order to help tissue repair has been increasingly common in different areas of health. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to comparatively evaluate the effects of 660 nm laser photobiomodulation, ozone therapy, and ozonated oil on repair through histomorphometric analysis in skin wounds in rats. Forty Wistar rats will be divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each, Control Group (GC), Laser Group (LG), Ozone Gas Group (OGG), and Ozonated Oil Group (OOG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standard skin wounds will be made on the back of the animals, and the different experimental groups will be treated with the biomodulatory therapies described for three consecutive days. Five and ten days after surgery, five rats from each group will be euthanized. Skin fragments, including the wound area, will be removed for histological processing and subsequent staining of histological sections with Hematoxylin-eosin and Sirius red. Micrographs of the histological sections will be obtained and ten standard images will be captured for quantitative evaluation of the variables collagen area, number of blood vessels, and epithelium thickness. The variables infiltrate of polymorphonuclear and monomorphonuclear inflammatory cells, as well as edema, will be analyzed semiquantitatively. Statistical analysis of the study variables will be performed, with a significance level of p&lt;0.05. CONCLUSION: It is expected to verify which of the biomodulatory therapies used can favor the resolution of tissue repair, in particular, by promoting collagen biosynthesis.

Dually Crosslinked Copper-Poly(tannic acid) Nanoparticles with Microenvironment-Responsiveness for Infected Wound Treatment.

Reducing the burden of death due to wound infection is an urgent global public health priority. Metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) have received widespread attention in antimicrobial infections due to their facile synthesis process, excellent biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties brought about by polyphenols and metal ions. However, typical therapeutic MPNs show rapid release of metal ions due to their poor solution stability, impeding long-acting efficacy in multiple wound healing stages. To address these issues, copper-poly (tannic acid) nanoparticles (Cu-PTA NPs): robust (dually crosslinked), microenvironment-responsive, antibacterial, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory are prepared, which hierarchically modulate the infected wound healing process. Covalently polymerized via phenol-formaldehyde condensation and crosslinked with bioactive Cu2+ , reactive polyphenols are preserved, and Cu2+ is efficiently entrapped in the PTA scaffold. The proposed strategy relieves the systemic toxicity, and only high reactive oxygen species (ROS)level as stimuli can "turn on" the catalytic activity of Cu2+ to implement antibacterial therapy specifically in an infected wound. Systematic tissue regeneration assessment on the infected full-thickness skin wounds of rats demonstrates enhanced wound healing rate. Cu-PTA NPs enables the direct application in infected wound and exertion of long-acting healing efficacy. This synergetic therapy strategy will pave the way for more complicated infections and inflammatory diseases.

LED photobiomodulation therapy associated with heterologous fibrin biopolymer optimizes wound repair in rats

The skin is a complex organ that covers the entire surface of the body. Any situation that interrupts the integrity of the skin, whether by accidents, trauma, disease, or surgery, is defined as a skin wound. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of LED photobiomodulation therapy associated or not with heterologous fibrin biopolymer to repair skin wounds in rats. Full-thickness skin wounds were induced on the back of 84 Wistar rats and they were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (CG), LED group (LED), heterologous fibrin biopolymer group (HFB), and LED + heterologous fibrin biopolymer group (LED + HFB). The animals were euthanized at 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery. In the macroscopic findings, it was observed in the control group, mild local inflammation, evidenced between the 5th and 6th day after the injury, not manifested in the other groups. The analysis of the wound reduction index showed that the treated groups presented greater wound reduction in the three periods evaluated. The results of the degree of inflammation showed that the LED and LED + HFB groups showed a predominance of chronic inflammation, while the control group showed a predominance of diffuse acute inflammation. The quantity of type I collagen was bigger after 7 days in the LED and LED + HFB groups, and at 14 and 21 days this type of collagen appears more intensely in the group that used only HFB. For the traction force at 7 days of the experiment, the treated groups showed better performance, while at 14 and 21 days the group that used only the biopolymer obtained greater strength in the suture region. Treatments using HFB and LED, either isolated or associated, stimulated the wound repair process in rats. HFB promote collagen maturation.