Skin Trouble Research Articles

Effects of Pandemic on Skin Changes and Psychological Conditions by Mask Use Types

Due to the pandemic phenomenon that occurred after December 2019, wearing a mask became commonplace, and the virus is blocked, but it causes other problems. As the number of respiratory problems and skin problems from masks increases, it is expected that people with weak skin will have skin diseases and psychological effects on skin trouble. Therefore, this study was conducted by providing basic data in anticipation of helping to suggest a solution by studying the effect of mask use type on skin change and psychological state due to pandemic phenomenon.

Effects of Covid-19 Skin Changes on Cosmetic Consumption Form -Focusing on adult men and women in their 20s and 50s-

Since Covid-19, it has emerged with economic and psychological damage as a policy to curb virus fear and infection worldwide. In addition, the aesthetic industry is shrinking consumers' expectations and consumer sentiment due to the lockdown policy, and the demand for related cosmetics products is decreasing. As Covid-19 continues, as schools conduct online classes and companies conduct telecommuting, our daily lives are gradually changing to a non-face-to-face, untact method. In addition, due to this change in lifestyle, the untact method of the New Normal era is expanding online rather than offline, and as it is mandatory to wear a mask when going out, skin changes and cosmetics consumption changes affect consumer sentiment, skin changes, and cosmetics consumption patterns. This study was conducted to derive the following results. First, the difference in the type of cosmetics consumption according to the general characteristics of the survey subjects was significant in the type of practical cosmetics consumption according to sleep time and skin type. As for the sleep time, respondents who slept for more than 8 hours in order of 7 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, and 8 hours or more had the lowest practical cosmetics consumption type. As for the skin type, the practical cosmetics consumption type of sensitive skin was the highest in the order of sensitive skin, acne skin, neutral skin, other, oily skin, complex skin, and dry skin, and the practical cosmetics consumption type of dry skin was the lowest. The difference in the form of hedonic cosmetics consumption according to skin type was significant, and the form of hedonic cosmetics consumption was high in the order of sensitive skin, complex skin, neutral skin, acne skin, oily skin, and other dry skin. Second, the correlation between skin change and cosmetic consumption pattern was high in the order of skin trouble, deterioration of dead skin condition, deterioration of moisture condition, and deterioration of oil condition. Third, the effect of skin change on cosmetic consumption patterns is found to have a significant effect on practical cosmetic consumption in the order of skin trouble, deterioration of moisture condition, and deterioration of oil condition. The effect of skin change on the form of pleasure cosmetics consumption was found to have a significant influence on the form of pleasure cosmetics consumption, which means that the more severe the skin trouble of skin change, the higher the form of pleasure cosmetics consumption. Therefore, the results of this study showed that hedonic consumption decreased and practical consumption increased compared to before Covid-19, indicating that skin change due to Covid-19 affects cosmetics consumption. However, this study conducted a survey on the effect of cosmetic consumption patterns and skin changes on cosmetic consumption patterns caused by Covid-19, so there will be limitations in generalizing. Therefore, it is expected that future research should be conducted in-depth to accurately determine the correlation between the consumption form and skin change caused by Covid-19 as various factors related to various variables.

Age changes of foot microbiome estimated by microscopy method.

Despite of great number of investigations in the area of tinea pedis, question is opened: to what extent dermatophyte fungi are spread among modern population and does their occurrence interrelated with host age? Investigated group included 99 volunteers from 14 to 73 years old. Skin scales were collected from heel area of foot, and signs of heel skin trouble were expressed in points. In contrast to usual laboratory microscope magnification x900 we worked at x1750, what allowed to estimate not only fungal, but bacterial forms too. Average abundances of microbial morphotypes were expressed in points. Heel skin trouble increased in the process of aging (Pirsons` coefficient r=0.954). Bacilli occurred in all persons independently from age, but their abundance increased with aging (0.821). On the contrary cocci were more common and abundant in young person`s feet (-0.620). Occurrence of dermatophytes increased with age (0.891), at that relatively high values took place in young persons (10.5% with mycelium and 73.7% with spores) and in group without any heel skin trouble symptoms (7.7% and 76.9%), what allow to refer these fungi to normal habitats of foot skin.

Infrared Thermography with High Accuracy in a Neonatal Incubator

As the accuracy of body temperature measurement is especially critical in premature infants on admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), noninvasive measurement using infrared thermography (IRT) has not been widely adopted in the NICU due to a lack of evidence regarding its accuracy. We have established a new calibration method for IRT in an incubator, and evaluated its accuracy and reliability at different incubator settings using a variable-temperature blackbody furnace. This method improved the accuracy and reliability of IRT with an increase in percentage of data with mean absolute error (MAE) < 0.3 °C to 93.1% compared to 4.2% using the standard method. Two of three IRTs had MAE < 0.1 °C under all conditions examined. This method provided high accuracy not only for measurements at specific times but also for continuous monitoring. It will also contribute to avoiding the risk of neonates' skin trouble caused by attaching a thermistor. This study will facilitate the development of novel means of administering neonatal body temperature.

A Study on the Risk Recognition and PROTECTION of Semi-Permanent Makeup in Female Students

Purpose: Since ancient times, the culture of putting on wounds or paints on the body like a tattoo has been carried on until now. In modern times, the interest, popularity, and market potential of semi-permanent makeup are increasing because it gives confidence and convenience as if wearing makeup. However, continuous research on safety is necessary because the risk factors for semi-permanent makeup are perceived in various aspects such as design, safety of ingredients, belief, worry, pain, and sanitary environment. Method: The researcher used the questionnaire method to construct questionnaire items with reference to previous studies. The questionnaire was constructed using a 5-point Likert scale and checklist. The questionnaire consisted of questions about demographic variables, the status of semi-permanent makeup, and risk perception factors. The subjects of this study were set as middle and high school girls and female university students from all over the country. The results were derived using frequency analysis. Results: The risk perception factors of semi-permanent makeup were design, eyebrow color, skin trouble, pain, and product and tool safety. However, there was an opinion(48.6%) that semi-permanent makeup should be performed by a beautician who is good at designing rather than a medical person. 46.4% answered that semi-permanent makeup is a type of makeup. However, as to the reasons for thinking that semi-permanent makeup should be regulated by the medical law, the highest responses were because it is more hygienic and the risk of infection is lower if it is done in a hospital and the difference in trustworthiness was the highest, and anesthetic cream was ranked next. Conclusion: According to the results of the study on risk perception and protection for semi-permanent makeup, it is recommended that a beautician with design and technology perform the procedure, but in terms of hygiene, infection, trust, and use of anesthetic cream, it should be regulated by the Medical Act. It is presumed to think that Therefore, as in the case of other countries, beauticians are allowed to perform semi-permanent makeup, but thorough education and management on semi-permanent makeup procedures, hygiene management, and safe use of products and tools are required.

Ceriporia lacerata Mycelium Culture Medium as a Novel Anti-Aging Microbial Material for Cosmeceutical Application

Skincare is very critical in preventing aging and skin trouble, which is difficult to recover if progressed. However, the development of effective anti-aging solutions is still on the horizon. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional efficacy of Ceriporia lacerata exo-pharmaceutical substance (CLEPS) in view of its use in innovative skin care cosmetics. CLEPS was found to have no cytotoxicity against normal human dermal fibroblasts and B16 melanoma cells in a wide concentration range of 0.05–7 mg/mL. It exhibited a whitening effect by inhibiting melanin synthesis comparable to that of the respective reference compound (arbutin). Notably, CLEPS not only substantially increased collagen (65.4%) and filaggrin synthesis (36%), but also significantly inhibited the activity of collagenase (93.4%), suggesting that CLEPS could prevent skin barrier damage or skin wrinkles. In addition, it showed an excellent anti-inflammatory effect and wound-healing effect. Overall, CLEPS exhibited exceptional anti-aging effects in human skin cells, designating as a potential natural cosmeceutical ingredient.

Mogamulizumab Monotherapy in the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma or Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Patients in Single-Institution Experience

Objectives; T-cell lymphomas generally have a poor outcome with shorter long-term survival compared with B-cell lymphomas. CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is highly expressed by aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCLs), particularly adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs). Mogamulizumab is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that targets CCR4. In phase II study, Mogamulizumab has been shown to high clinical efficacy and low toxicity. However, its efficacy has not been well evaluated in the clinical setting. We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy and safety of Mogamulizumab of against relapsed/refractory non- ATL T-cell lymphomas.Methods; Fourteen patients with relapsed/ refractory CCR4 positive PTCLs or CTCL were treated with weekly Mogamulizumab (1.0 mg/kg) alone at Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital between January 2015 and June 2017. CCR4 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry by a central laboratory center (SRL, Tokyo, Japan). In the first line, most patients receive commonly anthracycline-containing induction chemotherapy regimens such as CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone). The patients had received a median of one previous chemotherapy regime (range 1-3).We retrospectively evaluated (1) the best overall response, (2) progression-free survival (PFS), (3) overall survival (OS), (4) the best response according to disease site(peripheral blood; PB, lymph nodes; LN and skin) and (5) safety. Response assessments were performed after eighth mogamulizumab infusions according to the 1999 IWG criteria guidelines for response assessments for NHL (IWG-NHL). Treatment efficacy in patients with CTCL was evaluated by using a Global Response Score. Treatment was discontinued if progressive disease (PD) was evident.For safety evaluations, adverse events (AEs) were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for AEs, version 4.0.Results; The median age was 69 years old (range 48-85). Eight patients are male. The diagnosis comprised PTCLs (n=12) and CTCL (n=2). The median follow up periods and median number of Mogamulizumab infusion were 293 days (range 49- 681) and 8 courses (range 2- 9). (1) Complete remission (CR) was achieved in two patients (16.7%) and partial remission in one patients (8.3%), stable disease (SD) in two patients (16.7%), respectively. And (2) median PFS was 88 days and (3) median OS was 475 days. Peripheral blood, lymph node and skin lesion were affected in two, ten, and six patients, respectively. (4) In PB, complete response (CR) was obtained in all two patients (100%) and two patients were achieved CR in skin lesion (33.3%). In LN, only one of ten patient manifested CR(10.0%). This patient's tumor burden is low. (5) With regard to safety issues, hematological AEs were frequently observed, and lymphocytopenia occurred in 62.5% of patients. However, the AEs were controllable and tolerated. Non-hematological AEs, including fever, infusion reactions and skin trouble , were frequently observed (37.5%, 25.0%, and 37.5%, respectively). Grade 3/4 non-hematological AEs were scarcely observed.Conclusions; Although Mogamulizumab monotherapy is effective with highly safety, the patients who had swollen lymph node may need combination chemotherapy with mogamulizumab. The number of patients was small in this retrospective analysis, further investigation are required. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

持続皮下インスリン注入療法（CSII）を行う糖尿病をもつ小児の皮膚トラブルの実態

持続皮下インスリン注入療法（CSII）を行う糖尿病をもつ小児の皮膚トラブルの実態

Wearable porous PDMS layer of high moisture permeability for skin trouble reduction

The present research proposes the present porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer for the skin trouble reduced daily life skin attachable devices. The present research proposes the new pores forming method in the PDMS by crystallization and dissolution of the citric acid in the PDMS for fabricating high uniform and small size pores. The present porous PDMS layer (i) decreases the pore size 93.2%p and increases the pore size uniformity 425%p compared to the conventional porous PDMS layer of mixing sugars and PDMS; (ii) is able to be fabricated in the thickness of 21–101 µm by spin-coating; (iii) has the 2.2 times higher water vapor transmission rate (947 ± 10.8 g/day•m2) compared to the human skin water vapor transmission rate. The present porous PDMS layer reduces the skin trouble effectively by having the high water vapor permeability, therefore is applicable to the human daily-life skin attachable devices.

Behavioral Study on the Use of Cosmetics and Skin-Care Products among Female University Students in their 20s

Purpose: To correct misperceptions about makeup use among younger age groups and to support opportunities for education, this study analyzed makeup use and skin-care behavior among young people in their 20s. Methods: A survey was conducted among 130 female students living in Seoul/Gyeonggi Province concerning general characteristics, skin knowledge, and behavior. Frequency analysis was applied to the survey data using SPSS WIN 12.0 software for statistical processing. Result: Most of the surveyed females in their 20s used base (foundation makeup) to cover defects, and there was wide recognition that warm water should be used when washing the face. Use of a professional facial cleanser improved facial skin appearance. Because of the financial burden, however, most participants usually used self-administered skin-care. Facial massage and packs were widely used self-care treatments, and most respondents believed these treatments to be effective. The most common causes of side effects from cosmetic products involved the cleaning of cosmetic tools (p=0.022) and skin-care methods (p=0.005). Conclusion: This study provides guidelines for young cosmetic product users to overcome misinformation, incorrect usage and bad habits related to cosmetic products. This paper also provides information to a variety of cosmetic products, and by applying information, students could experience lower incidence of skin trouble when using cosmetic products.

Editor's Column: “I set this matter down … to inform myself”: Steinbeck's Travels with Charley in Search of America as Private Discourse

Editor's Column: “I set this matter down … to inform myself”: Steinbeck's <i>Travels with Charley in Search of America</i> as Private Discourse

Effectiveness of a far-infrared low-temperature sauna program on geriatric syndrome and frailty in community-dwelling older people.

AimAlthough it is known that geriatric syndrome is associated with the development of frailty, it is not known whether an amelioration of geriatric syndrome also improves shared risk factors and frailty.MethodsIn total, 67 community‐dwelling older people (79.6 ± 6.5 years, 49 women) participated in this study (41 were classified as pre‐frail and 26 as frail). We analyzed indices of physical frailty and cognitive depression, exercise tolerance and health‐related quality of life as frailty related indices, and the participants completed a questionnaire regarding common geriatric symptoms (cold extremities, leg edema, breathlessness, urinary incontinence, chronic headache, chronic pain, a sense of numbness, anorexia, constipation, insomnia and skin trouble) using numeric ratings. Frailty was evaluated using the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study (J‐CHS) criteria. The participants then underwent a far‐infrared low‐temperature sauna (FILTS) program twice a week for 3 months and the above parameters were reassessed.ResultsAfter the FILTS program, there were significant differences in usual walking speed, peak oxygen uptake, Geriatric Depression Scale‐15, health‐related quality of life and the severity of several geriatric symptoms. Of the 67 participants, 18 showed improvements in their J‐CHS frailty score, 47 showed no change and two showed reductions. Linear regression analysis showed that the change in the numeric rating of the coldness of extremities (B = −0.105, P = 0.013) and the cumulative numeric rating for geriatric syndromes (B = 0.044, P < 0.001) were independent determinants of the change in the J‐CHS score.ConclusionsA 3‐month FILTS program ameliorates geriatric syndrome, the severity of frailty and frailty related indices in older Japanese people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 892–898.

Erratum: Investigation of skin trouble in children with diabetes using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)

Erratum: Investigation of skin trouble in children with diabetes using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)

ACT-21 PRIMARY EXPERIENCE OF NOVOTTF THERAPY FOR THE PATIENTS WITH GBM IN OUR INSTITUTION

BACKGROUNDBased on EF-14 clinical trial, NovoTTF therapy prolong overall survival in the patients with GBM. However, NovoTTF treatment does not become standard therapy because treatment procedures are cumbersome and potentially impose psychological burden on patients who suffer from dismal disease. In our institution, we can choose NovoTTF therapy as one of the treatment options for GBM patients since June 2018. In this report, we summarized primary experience of this novel treatment.MATERIALS AND METHODSAdult patients with primary GBM diagnosed after June 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. We investigated the suggestion of NovoTTF, patients’ acceptance, the reason of rejection of NovoTTF, and the condition of NovoTTF treatment.RESULTSAmong 22 GBM patients, 12 cases were proposed NovoTTF treatment in actual. In 10 cases who were not proposed NovoTTF, the reasons were 1) poor performance status (KPS 50% or less); 7 cases, oldest-old; 1 case, unavailable care person; 2 cases. In 12 cases who were proposed NovoTTF, 5 cases (42%) accepted and performed this therapy. Remaining 7 cases did not accept NovoTTF because rejection of shaving hair; 1 case, troublesome for daily work; 2 cases, refusal due to cumbersome procedure; 2 cases, unavailable cooperation with care person(s); 2 cases. 5 cases treated NovoTTF were 3 males and 2 females, and the median age was 67yo (range 25yo-69yo). All patients were continued NovoTTF for 1–7 months without major complication. In two cases, minor skin trouble was observed, but easy to handle by putting ointment.

Patient’s touch sensation of interface and skin trouble during nasal high flow oxygen therapy

Patient’s touch sensation of interface and skin trouble during nasal high flow oxygen therapy

オプティカルフローによる皮膚表面の動き検出を利用したインタフェースの開発

The purpose of this study is to develop contactless interface for intractable neurological disease (e.g. ALS, SMA). At present time, major interface for patients of neurological diseases is a piezo switch. Piezo switch has been used by pasting on skin surface. Therefore, it causes skin trouble. The interface developed by this study enabled a user to switch on something like a nurse call system by moving skin surface. In order to detect the skin movements, this interface detected feature points of skin surface on the image from USB camera and determines optical flow. We confirmed the effectiveness of this interface by doing experiments.

꼬시래기 유래 아가로즈와 블루베리 열매 추출물을 이용한 화장용 에멀젼 개발

The need for natural cosmetic ingredients has been increasing over the world nowadays. Agarose, a natural polymer from red seaweeds, has high hydrophilic character and a function of scaffolder. As skin moisturizer, agarose is adequate for percutaneous absorption. While, blueberry fruits extract possesses rich procyanidins and anthocyanins which show health benefits, anti-oxidant effect, anti-aging and anti-melanogenesis. Stability, sensory preference, skin trouble of the emulsion formula are important for cosmetic product development. In this study, we manufactured an emulsion formula for skin moisturizers using the two ingredients and tested emulsion stability and skin trouble. Total phenolic contents of the blueberry fruits extract were evaluated as well as tyrosinase inhibitory and collagenase inhibitory activities. IC 50 values of blueberry fruits extract for anti-tyrosinase and anti-collagenase activities were 168 and 112 μg/mL, respectively using gallic acid as a control (64.8 μg/mL). The stability (pH and viscosity) of the formula containing 2% blueberry fruits extracts and 0.1% agarose was measured at five different temperatures (room temp., 25℃, 55℃, 45℃, 55℃) under the sun light at 2 day intervals for 12 days. There has been little pH change at the different temperatures. According to the sensory evaluation, there was no significant flavor, discoloration and physical changes of the formula at 25-65℃. These results suggest that emulsion formula containing blueberry extract and agarose could be used as a candidate for lotion and essence products.

Recognition of food allergies and dietary attitudes in Jeonnam elementary school students

본 연구는 전남 나주지역 초등학생 5, 6학년을 대상으로 식품 알레르기 특성을 알아보고, 식품 알레르기 경험에 따라 식품 알레르기와 식생활 태도 인식을 비교하여 학교급식에서 알레르기 학생의 효율적인 관리를 위한 기초 자료로 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등학생의 식품 알레르기 증상으로는 ‘피부’가 가장 많았고, 알레르기 원인 음식으로는 ‘원인 식품을 모른다’가 33.5%이었으며, 의사의 진단을 받은 경우는 51.0%이었고, 치료를 받은 적이 있는 경우는 63.9%이었으며, 이로 인해 식품을 제한하고 있는 경우는 53.5%, 식품을 제한하게 된 동기는 병원진단을 통해서가 40.5%로 가장 많았다. 식품 알레르기 가족력은 ‘없다’가 가장 많았고, 식품알레르기 증상이 심하게 나타나는 계절은 ‘계절과 상관없다’가 가장 많았다. 알레르기에 영향을 주는 가장 큰 요인으로는 특정 식품이나 음식이 64.1%로 가장 많았고, 알레르기에 대처하는 방법은 ‘별다른 대처를 하지 않는다’가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 식품 알레르기 예방 치료 방법으로 ‘원인 식품을 제한한다’가 45.1%로 가장 많았다. 둘째, 식품 알레르기 경험에 따른 식품 알레르기 인식에서는 ‘식품 알레르기에 대하여 알고 있거나 들어본 적이 있는지 유무’, ‘식품알레르기 상담 및 교육 참여 여부’, ‘알레르기 원인 식품을 제한해서 나타나는 성장기 아동의 문제점’, ‘식품 알레르기에 관한 학교급식 알림판 정보 제공 관심 여부’, ‘알레르기 주의 식품에 대한 교육 필요 여부’, ‘식품 알레르기와 관련하여 학교에 바라는 점’ 항목에서 식품 알레르기 경험에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, 식품 알레르기 경험에 따른 식생활 특성은 편식하는 이유에서 유의한 차이를 보였고 하루 식사, 특정 식품 편식, 주된 간식에서는 식품 알레르기 경험에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다.The purpose of this study is to investigate the recognition of food allergies and dietary attitudes in elementary school students. For the food allergy symptoms, they responded ‘skin trouble’ 63.6% the most. For the causing foods of allergies, they responded, ‘I don t know the causing foods’ 33.5%, ‘I was diagnosed’ 51.0%, ‘I was treated’ 63.9%, and therefore ‘I restricted foods’ 53.5%, due to ‘I restricted foods through hospital diagnosis’ 40.5% the most. For family history, 67.9% responded the family history matters. 70.3% responded the seasons would not affect to the symptoms. 64.1% responded the cause of food allergy is specific foods. For allergy solution, they responded, ‘I don t use any treatment’ 42.8% the most. For effective treatment, they responded, ‘I restricted causing foods’ 45.1% the most. Recognition of food allergies by food allergy experience showed a significant difference in the items such as ‘have heard or known about food allergies’(p<.001), ‘whether participated in consultation and training’(p<.001), ‘problems of growing children when putting limits on causing foods’(p<.001), ‘interests in getting information about food allergy’(p<.001), ‘feeling the needs of allergy education about careful foods’(p<.01), ‘wish for schools to be educated’(p<.01). Dietary attitudes by food allergy experience showed a significant difference in reason of unbalanced diet(p<.001).

Intradural Procedural Time to Assess Technical Difficulty of Superciliary Keyhole and Pterional Approaches for Unruptured Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms.

ObjectiveThis study used the intradural procedural time to assess the overall technical difficulty involved in surgically clipping an unruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm via a pterional or superciliary approach. The clinical and radiological variables affecting the intradural procedural time were investigated, and the intradural procedural time compared between a superciliary keyhole approach and a pterional approach.MethodsDuring a 5.5-year period, patients with a single MCA aneurysm were enrolled in this retrospective study. The selection criteria for a superciliary keyhole approach included : 1) maximum diameter of the unruptured MCA aneurysm <15 mm, 2) neck diameter of the MCA aneurysm <10 mm, and 3) aneurysm location involving the sphenoidal or horizontal segment of MCA (M1) segment and MCA bifurcation, excluding aneurysms distal to the MCA genu. Meanwhile, the control comparison group included patients with the same selection criteria as for a superciliary approach, yet who preferred a pterional approach to avoid a postoperative facial wound or due to preoperative skin trouble in the supraorbital area. To determine the variables affecting the intradural procedural time, a multiple regression analysis was performed using such data as the patient age and gender, maximum aneurysm diameter, aneurysm neck diameter, and length of the pre-aneurysm M1 segment. In addition, the intradural procedural times were compared between the superciliary and pterional patient groups, along with the other variables.ResultsA total of 160 patients underwent a superciliary (n=124) or pterional (n=36) approach for an unruptured MCA aneurysm. In the multiple regression analysis, an increase in the diameter of the aneurysm neck (p<0.001) was identified as a statistically significant factor increasing the intradural procedural time. A Pearson correlation analysis also showed a positive correlation (r=0.340) between the neck diameter and the intradural procedural time. When comparing the superciliary and pterional groups, no statistically significant between-group difference was found in terms of the intradural procedural time reflecting the technical difficulty (mean±standard deviation : 29.8±13.0 min versus 27.7±9.6 min).ConclusionA superciliary keyhole approach can be a useful alternative to a pterional approach for an unruptured MCA aneurysm with a maximum diameter <15 mm and neck diameter <10 mm, representing no more of a technical challenge. For both surgical approaches, the technical difficulty increases along with the neck diameter of the MCA aneurysm.

Prediction of Skin Trouble in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Using Generalized Additive Model

Prediction of Skin Trouble in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Using Generalized Additive Model