Smooth Skin Research Articles

MODERN DIAGNOSIS AND COMPLEX TREATMENT OF MICROSPORIA IN ATHLETES

This study reflects the features of the clinical course of microsporia in children and adults who attended sports sections. Athletes who attended freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling sections a typical clinical picture in the form of “athlete-wrestler's symptom” is observed: the rash was localized mainly in the right half of the head (on the right temporal, right postaural, right parietal and occipital areas), often with a migration to smooth skin on the face and neck, from 1 to 5, rounded form, with slight peeling on the surface, in the form of prints fingers. Hair in the lesion areas is broken at the level of 3-6 mm. Features of the clinical course are caused by basic techniques and holds of hands with fingers applied in these sports. 
 In order to improve the exact specific diagnosis of microsporia in athletes, a method of modern molecular genetic diagnostics based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been developed, which allows identifying the Microsporum canis pathogen at the DNA level. 
 A complex method of therapy, which includes the use of probiotic-vitamin-mineral complexes “Bion 3 Kid”, “Bion 3” or probiotic-vitamin preparation “Breveluck” in combination with systemic antimycotics Griseofulvin, Terbinafine and 2% cream Sertaconazole nitrate is effective and safe in microsporia treatment in athletes. All 40 patients with microsporia have clinically and etiologically recovered as a result of treatment. Developed modern complex treatment of patients with microsporia contributed to increase in the effectiveness of treatment, prevention of microsporia recurrence, acceleration of clinical and mycological recovery, prevention of the disease of athletes with acute respiratory viral infections during their stay in sports and children's groups, even in the cold periods of year.

Art in the Time of Pandemic: Elisabetta Sirani, Artistic Agency, and Capitalist Social Reproduction

Art in the Time of Pandemic: Elisabetta Sirani, Artistic Agency, and Capitalist Social Reproduction

Pomegranate Fruit Growth and Skin Characteristics in Hot and Dry Climate.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit is well known for its health-beneficial metabolites. The pomegranate peel consists of an inner thick spongy white tissue, and an outer smooth skin layer that accumulates anthocyanins in red cultivars when ripe. The skin is made up of epidermis cells covered by a cuticle, the latter being the first target of cracking and russeting. The present study focuses on the effect of Israel’s hot and dry climate on pomegranate growth, to elucidate the derived effects on fruit skin characteristics and its putative resistance to the building pressure from fruit expansion. Experiments were conducted for four years, in four orchards located in different regions of the country, each with a different typical microclimate. Fruit-growth parameters were followed using remote-sensing tools, microscopic study, and mineral analysis of the skin, followed by determination of the peel’s elastic modulus. Fruit expanded in two phases: a short rapid phase followed by a gradual phase with a sigmoidal growth-rate pattern. Extreme hot and dry climate during the period of maximal growth rate was associated with restricted growth and a high proportion of small-size fruit. Anatomical study indicated that the skin of mature pomegranate fruit is made up of epidermal cells that are relatively flat and spaced apart, and is expected to be less durable against internal pressure. In contrast, skin of early immature fruit has two layers of dense and rounded epidermis, and is expected to be more resistant to cracking. Tensile strength studies confirmed this trend—skin of mature fruit had a lower elastic modulus than young fruit. However, restrained growth due to extreme environmental cues may result in better resistance of the mature pomegranate fruit to cracking, and in better skin quality and appearance, albeit small fruits. On the other hand, temperate climate at the beginning of the growth period, which allows high growth rate and high daily shrinkage, leads to pomegranate skin disorders.

Antioxidant and phytochemical content of commercial brown rice (Ecobrown) and white rice (Jasmine, Jati Super Special and Manggo Thai) for potential cosmetic rice powder raw materials

Cosmetic rice powder or “bedak sejuk'' has long being used as part of traditional skincare routine. The powdered rice extract is applied on the face, usually at night and will be rinsed off the next morning to obtain smooth and clear skin complexion. Usually, the regular rice available in one’s kitchen is used to make the cosmetic rice powder but different grades of rice (based on the price) will give different effects to the skin. This study aims to investigate and compare the bioactivities and phytochemical composition of different grades of rice available in the market. The rice sample used in this study was Ecobrown rice, Jasmine White rice, Jati Super Special Tempatan rice and Manggo Thai rice. All rice samples were extracted using distilled water by maceration process. The bioactivities; antioxidant capacity was measured using DPPH assay. Phytochemical content was determined as total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was also used to determine phenolic content expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). The result showed that brown rice had significantly higher antioxidants with IC50 values of 6.4 mg/mL in DPPH assay. The observed activities were corresponding with total phenolic content, where EcoBrown rice has a significantly higher amount of phenolic content (p?0.05) compared to other samples. Meanwhile, almost similar TFC was observed in all rice samples with Jati Super Special. The analysis of phenolic content was correlated with HPLC analysis, where brown rice was shown to have the highest amount of gallic acid content. In conclusion, brown rice can be considered as a better choice to produce “bedak sejuk”.

Orbital Septum Fat Flap Transfer for Upper Eyelid Depression.

Sunken upper eyelid makes people's eyes look gaunt and aging. At present, more and more people are paying attention to eye rejuvenation, and more and more people are asking for correction of sunken upper eyelid. Orbital septum fat plays an important role in the display of eye contour. Therefore, the position of orbital septum fat can be adjusted surgically to improve the upper eyelid depression. This article discusses the clinical effect of orbital septum fat flap transfer in the upper eyelid depression of mild to moderate. Thirty patients with single eyelid depression in our hospital from April to September 2020 were selected. After blepharoplasty, the orbital septum fat was fully released and the lateral orbital fat transfer was fixed to the mid-medial upper eyelid depression. After the operation, 29 patients were satisfied with the results, with good incision healing, bilateral basic symmetry no obvious scar, and negative effect of non-convex and concave eyelid inequality. One patient did not achieve the expected results and was treated with a second autologous fat filling. For patients with mild to moderate sunken upper eyelid, orbital septal fat flap metastasis during blepharoplasty has not only good effect, natural appearance, and smooth upper eyelid skin, but also only 1 incision for upper eyelid formation, which has high acceptance and satisfaction of patients and can be widely used in clinical practice.

A new species of Nanorana Günther, 1896 (Anura, Dicroglossidae) from Yunnan, China.

A new species of Nanorana Günther, 1896 is described from Yunnan Province, China, based on morphological and molecular evidence. Morphologically, Nanorana xuelinensissp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following diagnostic characters: body size large; adult males with keratinized spines on chest, belly, lateral body, posterior dorsum, buttocks, outer side of the fore limbs, the inner metacarpal tubercle, fingers I and II, and upper eyelids; no spines on the inner side of the lower and upper arm; forelimbs strongly hypertrophied in adult males; anterior dorsum skin smooth; dorsolateral folds absent; finger I longer than finger II; webbing deeply incurved between tips of toes; present outer metacarpal tubercle and absent outer metatarsal tubercle. The new species is separated from all other congeners by uncorrected genetic distances ranging from 5.2% to 7.3% based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene and ranging from 3.9% to 7.6% based on mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene.

성고정관념과 이분법적 젠더정체성을 기초한 성서해석 해체하기

The present study aims to criticize Old Testament hermenuetics based on the dualistic heterosexual norm of gender. It explores the normative view that gender is male and female alone, a view that entrenches gender roles based on the notion of binary sexes. Instead, this study suggests we read the Bible through a gender spectrum, rather than assume a gender dualism, because this would reveal the diverse characters of gender and different aspects of life. For this purpose, this study first examines the diversity of gender in the Bible by delving into the appearance of androgynous figures in the Old Testament (Gen 1:28; 2:7; Prov 18:8; 19:15; 31:10-31). Then it investigates the fluid gender identity in the metaphors of God and two ancestral figures, i.e. Jacob and Joseph.<BR> The study employs feminist criticism and queer criticism. The word, ‘queer,’ which itself means strange, weird, rebellious, had been combined with theology and has three meanings. First it refers to talk about God and the interpretation of the Bible, reflecting the experiences of the LGBTIQA community. Second, it criticizes dualistic heterosexual gender views that are found in traditional theologies and biblical interpretations. Third, it applies queer theory to deconstruct heterosexual patriarchal norms of gender and explores different and diverse frames of gender in the Bible.<BR> The investigation of the fluid gender roles of God and the gender non-confirming characteristics of Jacob and Joseph deconstructs normal dualistic understandings of ‘male’ and ‘female.’ The description of the appearance and character of Jacob and Joseph is quite strange or weird to a modern reader who sees them as ‘typical male’ figures. Jacob is a girlish boy who has smooth skin, stays in the tent, the women’s place, and cooks. Joseph is a boy with ketonet passim, which was a garnet for girls in ancient Israel. He is compassionate, and a dreamer. Jacob, the father, blesses Joseph by the androgynous name of the deity, El Shaddai.<BR> Overall study shows that modern readers can see diverse gender spectrums in the Bible when they approach the Bible without dualistic patriarchal gender norms. Gender is not destined to be unambiguously male and female. Gender is confirmed in and by the society through performance.

Modern diagnostics of microsporia

Objective — to develop a method of modern molecular genetic diagnosis of microsporia in children based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which will allow identification of the pathogen of Microsporum canis at the DNA level.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study included 40 patients with microsporia of smooth skin, scalp, scalp and smooth skin. The biological materials for the research were scales from the smooth skin and scalp, hair from the scalp of patients with microsporia. A study of 40 samples of biological material was carried out in patients with microsporia of smooth skin, microsporia of the scalp, microsporia of the scalp and smooth skin. At the first stage, DNA isolation of Microsporum canis was carried out. Then PCR was carried out to increase the copies of the DNA region using specific primers. The final step was typing 40 samples of clinical material of patients.&#x0D; Results and discussion. PCR diagnostics made it possible to identify the DNA of Microsporum canis in all 40 samples of biological material of patients with microsporia. In our study, we developed a PCR-based method for diagnosing microsporia, which uses a set of two MC primers (regions of the beta tubulin gene of Microsporum canis). For internal control of the course of amplification and the quality of biomaterial sampling, specific primers of APOE (a region of the human apolipoprotein E gene) were also used.&#x0D; Conclusions. In order to improve the precise specific diagnosis of microsporia in children, a method of modern molecular genetic diagnostics based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been developed, which allows identification of the Microsporum canis pathogen at the DNA level. Analysis of the molecular structure of the genome of Microsporum canis proved that the most objective diagnosis of microorganisms is the PCR method. The developed method of DNA diagnostics based on PCR using specific primers can be included in the algorithm for detecting Microsporum canis in humans.

Performance results of the improved working classification of superficial mycoses of the skin in carrying out their clinical and epidemiological monitoring

The results of testing of the improved working classification of superficial mycoses of the skin and its appendages (SMS) in the Republic of Azerbaijan for the period of 2012-2016 are presented. Given the variety of classifications of fungal skin diseases, many years of clinical experience have shown that none of them fully meets the requirements of a practicing physician. The author has developed and improved the classification of mycoses of the skin and its appendages, which will facilitate the diagnosis and the appointment of therapy, since this classification takes into account the tissue and topographic localization of the mycotic process, which greatly facilitates the diagnosis by dermatovenerologists, and will also reveal the true prevalence of mycotic pathology. Based on the traditional form No. 9, among 246 cases of superficial mycoses of the skin and its appendages identified in the city of Baku for the period of 2012-2016, the largest number of patients (79.44±2.6%) were diagnosed with mycoses of the scalp – 32, 52±1.21%, smooth skin mycoses – 30.08%±1.28 multi-colored lichen – 14.80%±1.01, which corresponds to the frequency of occurrence of these forms of SMS at the age of 11-20 years (44.01±3,1%) and 0-10 years (39.08±3.1%), leaders in the age line of groups with SMS in Baku. A reliable statistical difference was revealed in the detection of superficial mycoses of the skin and its appendages in the city of Baku during the study period. Based on the developed working classification, the nosological structure of the incidence of SMS in the city of Baku for the period 2012-2016 is represented by the following – 1919 episodes: mycoses of the scalp – 675 patients (35.17±1.1%); mycoses of smooth skin – 638 patients (33.25±1.1%); multi-colored lichen – 264 patients (13.76±0.8%); combined mycoses of smooth skin and scalp – 134 patients (6.98±0.6%); onychomycoses – 97 patients (5.05±0.5%); purulent-infiltrative form of mycoses – 66 patients (3.44±0.4%); skin candidiasis – 19 patients (0.99±0.2%); feet of the mycoses – 19 patients (0.99±0.2%); inguinal epidermophytosis – 7 patients (0.36±0.1%). The prevalence of nosologies preserved in the largest number of patients (1578 patients – 82.23±0.9%), mycoses of the scalp – 35.17±1.1% (675 patients), smooth skin mycoses – 33.25±1.1% (638 patients), multicolored lichen – 13.76%±0.8 (264 patients). The greatest number of patients with SMS was also detected in the age group of 11-20 years (42.12±3.1%) and 0-10 years (40.32±3.1%). The data of a comparative analysis of the results of the developed and improved classification of superficial mycoses of the skin and its appendages with the data of the traditional reporting form, made it possible to expand the scope of the analyzed nosologies and increase the objectivity of statistical data for assessing the epidemiological situation in the study region.

Hydrodynamic efficiency in sharks: the combined role of riblets and denticles

We investigate the influence of smooth and ribletted shark skin on a turbulent boundary layer flow. Through laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) the role of riblets in combination with the shark skin denticle is established for the first time. Our results show that smooth denticles behave like a typical rough surface when exposed to an attached boundary layer. Drag is increased for the full range of tested dimensionless denticle widths, w + ≈ 25–80, where w + is the denticle width, w, scaled by the friction velocity, u τ , and the kinematic viscosity, ν. However, when riblets are added to the denticle crown we demonstrate there is a significant reduction in drag, relative to the smooth denticles. We obtain a modest maximum drag reduction of 2% for the ribletted denticles when compared to the flat plate, but when compared to the smooth denticles the difference in drag is in excess of 20% for w + ≈ 80. This study enables a new conclusion that riblets have evolved as a mechanism to reduce or eliminate the skin friction increase due to the presence of scales (denticles). The combination of scales and riblets is hydrodynamically efficient in terms of skin-friction drag, while also acting to maintain flow attachment, and providing the other advantages associated with scales, e.g. anti-fouling, abrasion resistance, and defence against parasites.

Effect of Re-Used Lignite and Mineral Wool Growing Mats on Plant Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Cucumber and Physical Parameters of Substrates in Hydroponic Cultivation

In hydroponic cultivation of vegetables with a solid substrate, mineral wool predominates. The pro-ecological policy and consumers’ expectations cause an increase in interest in organic substrates, which, when properly used, are less harmful to the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of reusing lignite substrate in hydroponic cultivation on the growth, yield and quality of cucumber fruit and on the physical parameters of the substrate. The greenhouse cucumber cultivar ‘Mewa F1’ with semi-long fruits and smooth skin was used for the study. The plants were grown in the ‘Carbomat’ lignite substrate and ‘Grotop Master’ rockwool in two cycles. In cycle 1, new growing mats were used, while in cycle 2 the same growing mats as in cycle 1 were used again. In the hydroponic cultivation carried out on mineral wool and in the lignite substrate, both in the new and the reused substrate, the cucumber obtained mostly similar plant growth parameters and fruit color. Cucumber grown on the new mineral wool had a higher number and weight of fruits, which were characterized by a higher content of β-carotene and lutein compared to fruits from plants grown in the new lignite substrate. On the other hand, the reused lignite substrate resulted in higher cucumber yields and fruits with higher firmness and higher carotenoid content compared to cucumber grown on reused mineral wool. At the same time, the content of dry matter and sugar extract in fruits obtained from plants growing in the new and reused lignite substrate was higher compared to fruits grown in mineral wool. Both new and reused lignite substrate were characterized by very low plant-available water content. In contrast; the air and water holding capacity of lignite after cultivation did not change as much as that of mineral wool.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Poroma and Porocarcinoma.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of poroma and porocarcinoma. Six patients (3 male, 3 female; age range, 40-84 years; mean age, 61 years) with histologically confirmed skin appendage tumors with apocrine and eccrine differentiation (2 poromas and 4 porocarcinomas) were enrolled. All patients underwent preoperative MR imaging and the MR images were retrospectively reviewed. The configurations were classified as pedunculated solid in 5 lesions and subcutaneous cystic with mural nodules in 1. Well-demarcated deep tumor margins and smooth skin surfaces were observed in all 6 lesions, and peritumoral fat stranding was observed in 2. In all 5 pedunculated solid lesions, T2-hyperintense foci, T1 hyperintensity, and homogeneous solid components were observed within the lesions. Poroma and porocarcinoma usually exhibited pedunculated solid homogeneous lesion. Intratumoral T2-hyperintense foci and T1 hyperintensity were observed in pedunculated solid lesions.

The Production of Biodegradable Flowerpot from Sludge of Rubber Factory with Waste from Mushroom Culture and Palm Bunches

The concept for this research is that plants pots are produced from rubber plant sludge and waste material from the mushroom lump and palm bunch are use to replace products that are made from plastic, which is an alternative to reduce the amount of waste and add value to the waste material. The aims for this work are 1) to study the chemical characteristics of raw materials 2) to study the physical characteristics, and 3) to study properties of plant pots produced from rubber plant sludge, waste material from the mushroom lump and palm bunch. The conditions of experiment are 6 ratios between rubber plant sludge to waste material from the mushroom lump including 0 : 100, 20 : 80, 40 : 60, 60 : 40, 80 : 20 and 100 : 0. using wet glue and palm bunch as binder and subsidiary binder, respectively. The results revealed that 1) raw material has acid-base, conductivity, and moisture value suitable for growing plants, 2) the first ratio had the highest average weight of 246.67 grams and plant pot could be molded well, strong and have smooth skin, and 3) the first ratio has qualifications suitable for actual application; the water absorption was 99.18 percentages, an inflation value was 81.93 percentages and the slowest deterioration of the plant pot.

Electrospray interface-less polymerization to fabricate high-performance thin film composite polyamide membranes with controllable skin layer growth

High-performance thin film composite polyamide (TFC-PA) membranes with controllable structure and transport properties are of great significance. However, TFC-PA membranes prepared by interfacial polymerization are far from ideal due to their quick and uncontrollable reaction process. In this study, we reported a novel strategy to fabricate TFC-PA membranes via an electrospray interface-less polymerization (EILP) technique with a miscible solvent system. The miscible solvent system facilitated both the stable and fine spraying of monomer solutions and the efficient polymerization of monomers, and thus resulting in the formation of a smooth and defect-free PA skin layer. Moreover, the crosslinking degree and thickness of the EILP membrane skin layer could be controlled easily by regulating the concentration and dose of sprayed monomers. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, zeta potential and mean effective pore size were employed to characterize the EILP membrane and clarify the separation mechanism. The optimum EILP membrane showed excellent filtration performance with a high water flux of up to 17.7 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, high salt rejection (98.2% of Na2SO4) and complete dye rejection for Congo red. This study provides new insights into the understanding of electrospray procedures and enlightens the design and manufacture of advanced membrane materials through electrospray.

UJI HEDONISME SEDIAAN GEL ANTIJERAWAT DARI JERUK NIPIS

Clean, smooth, and disease-free facial skin is a dream. However, the reality is that many people have skin problems. The skin problem that often occurs is acne. One way to treat acne is by using herbal preparations. Herbal plants that have anti-acne properties include Citrus aurantiifolia and menthol. The purpose of this study was to make antiacne gel preparations from Citrus aurantiifolia and menthol. There are also stages of this research, including formula making, production and physical evaluation of preparations to obtain the best dosage formulas. In addition, the determination of the optimum stability and formula is obtained from the physical evaluation of the gel preparation which includes organoleptic and hedonism test.&#x0D; Keyword : herbal, Citrus aurantiifolia, menthol, hedonism test

Segmentation of Mango Fruit Image Using Fuzzy C-Means

Mango contains about 20 vitamins and minerals such as iron, copper, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, and calcium. The freshness of the ripe mango will taste sweet. The level of ripeness of the mango fruit can be seen from the texture of the skin and skin color. Ripe mangoes have a bright, fragrant color and a smooth skin texture. The problem found in mango segmentation is that the image of the mango fruit is influenced by several factors, such as noise and environmental objects. In measuring the maturity of mangoes traditionally, it can be seen from image analysis based on skin color. The mango peel segmentation process is needed so that the classification or pattern recognition process can be carried out better. The segmented mango image will read the feature extraction value of an object that has been separated from the background. The procedure on the image that has been analyzed will analyze the pattern recognition process. In this process, the segmented image is divided into several parts according to the desired object acquisition. Clustering is a technique for segmenting images by grouping data according to class and partitioning the data into mango datasets. This study uses the Fuzzy C Means method to produce optimal results in determining the clustering-based image segmentation. The final result of Fuzzy C-based mango segmentation processing means that the available feature extraction value or equal to the maximum number of iterations (MaxIter) is 31 iterations, error (x) = 0.00000001, and the image computation testing time is 2444.913636

Patients with major medical illness seek cosmetic procedures to preserve a healthy appearance and avoid looking ill

Patients with major medical illness seek cosmetic procedures to preserve a healthy appearance and avoid looking ill

A preliminary study of skin bleaching and factors associated with skin bleaching among women living in Zimbabwe.

Skin bleaching was reported to be commonly practiced among women and Africa was reported to be one of the most affected yet the subject is not given much attention in public health research in Zimbabwe despite the adverse effects of skin bleaching on health. This study was an exploratory cross-sectional survey to explore skin bleaching, skin bleaching patterns and factors associated with skin bleaching among women living in Zimbabwe. An online self-administered questionnaire was sent out to women on social network i.e. WhatsApp, Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter. A total number of 260 respondents, mean age 31.69 (SD, 8.12) years participated in the survey. The prevalence of skin bleaching among the participants was 31.15%. The major reason reported for skin bleaching was to have smooth and healthy skin alongside other factors such as beauty, gaining social favours for example getting married and good jobs. Occupation, complexion and marital status were associated with skin bleaching. The odds of skin bleaching for participants who were employed was 1.45(95% confidence interval [CI],0.32-1.91);p-value 0.02, dark skinned participants 2.56(95% CI, 0.76-2.87);p-value 0.01 and unmarried participants 2.87(95% CI,0.29-3.58);p-value 0.03. Evidence from the research suggests skin bleaching might be common among women living in Zimbabwe and possibly poses serious health threats to the women. Skin bleaching seems to be deep rooted in colourism. The colourism seems to be taken advantage of by the cosmetic industry which produce the potentially hazardous products which promise the revered light skin to women but which comes with a price. However, the study provides a base for future studies to explore more on skin bleaching practices among women living in Zimbabwe.

Realism of the face lies in skin and eyes: Evidence from virtual and human agents

Despite advancements in computer graphics and artificial intelligence, it remains unclear which aspects of intelligent virtual agents (IVAs) make them identifiable as human-like agents. In three experiments and a computational study, we investigated which specific facial features in static IVAs contribute to judging them human-like. In Experiment 1, participants were presented with facial images of state-of-the-art IVAs and humans and asked to rate these stimuli on human-likeness. The results showed that IVAs were judged less human-like compared to photographic images of humans, which led to the hypothesis that the discrepancy in human-likeness was driven by skin and eye reflectance. A follow-up computational analysis confirmed this hypothesis, showing that the faces of IVAs had smoother skin and a reduced number of corneal reflections than human faces. In Experiment 2, we validated these findings by systematically manipulating the appearance of skin and eyes in a set of human photographs, including both female and male faces as well as four different races. Participants indicated as quickly as possible whether the image depicted a real human face or not. The results showed that smoothening the skin and removing corneal reflections affected the perception of human-likeness when quick perceptual decisions needed to be made. Finally, in Experiment 3, we combined the images of IVA faces and those of humans, unaltered and altered, and asked participants to rate them on human-likeness. The results confirmed the causal role of both features for attributing human-likeness. Both skin and eye reflectance worked in tandem in driving judgements regarding the extent to which the face was perceived human-like in both IVAs and humans. These findings are of relevance to computer graphics artists and psychology researchers alike in drawing attention to those facial characteristics that increase realism in IVAs.

Skuteczny duet w terapii miejscowej łuszczycy — połączenie kalcypotriolu z dipropionianem betametazonu w tradycyjnej formie maści

Exclusive local therapy is a sufficient treatment option for most mild cases of psoriasis. It is estimated that even 70–80% of patients do not require systemic treatment or light therapy, and topical medications effectively control the symptoms of the disease. Moreover, topical medications are also an essential treatment option in addition to systemic therapy for moderate to severe psoriasis. The most common medications used in local therapy are glucocorticosteroids and vitamin D analogues. These substances show the highest efficiency among all drugs available on the market, while maintaining a favorable toxicity profile. A significant advantage of these medications is also the ease of use, which significantly affects the compliance with medical recommendations and regular use of the preparation by patients. The different mechanism of action of the two drugs makes this unique combination of calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate particularly effective at any stage of the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Due to their strong antiproliferative, immunomodulating and immunostatic effects, this duo is currently recommended by the Polish Dermatological Society as a first-line preparation in the local treatment of smooth skin, hands and feet. The ointment ensures rapid penetration of active substances, strongly moisturizing, reducing skin atrophy, which is an additional benefit for patients with psoriasis. The study analyzes the effectiveness, safety and mechanism of action of medications containing calcipotriol with betamethasone dipropionate in the local therapy of psoriasis in the light of current literature data, with particular emphasis on the form of ointment.