Skin Of Nose Research Articles

SPECIES DISTRIBUTION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ACINETOBACTER GENOSPECIES FROM HEALTHY HUMAN SKIN OF TRIBAL POPULATION IN INDIA

Background: Various reports on distribution of Acinetobacter spp. from healthy human skin restricted to urban population. However, no such data is available from healthy human skin of tribal population not exposed to modern antibiotics during their life time. Purpose: Isolation, biotyping, distribution and physiological characterisation of Acinetobacter spp. from healthy human skin of tribal population. Methods: Tribal population of Toranmal area of Satpuda Ranges, Maharashtra, India were sampled for ten body sites. Tentative Acinetobacter isolates were confirmed to the genus level by chromosomal DNA transformation assay and to species level using Bouvet and Grimont system. Novel physiological characteristics like pH, temperature and salt tolerance were studied. All strains were screened for production of various enzymes. Results: One hundred and eighteen strains were isolated, which belonged to nine Acinetobacter genospecies. A. haemolyticus was most abundant followed by A. calcoaceticus and A. genospecies 1-3. Higher percentage of Acinetobacter was recovered from skin of nose, Pawara tribe and female volunteers. They showed wide variation in temperature, salt and pH tolerance. Most of the strains could produce enzymes viz, lipase, esterase, urease and amylase. Conclusions:Acinetobacter spp. belonging to nine genospecies were obtained in the present study. Physiological characteristics including high salt, temperature and acidic pH tolerance were helpful to differentiate between the commensal and pathogenic species of Acinetobacter genus.

Use of Jatropha gossypifolia stem latex as a haemostatic agent: how safe is it?

The stem latex of Jatropha grossypifolia is routinely used by local and some urban dwellers in Southern Nigeria to stop bleeding from nose, gum and injured skin. Safety of its use was investigated in different groups of wistar albino rats using different doses of the latex. Different numbers of incisions were made on the thighs of different groups of animals and different doses of the stem latex applied. The procedure was repeated on daily basis for 18 days. The control group was not incised. The animals were sacrificed and the effect of the stem latex on blood biochemistry and haematology were assessed using standard techniques. There were no statistical significant differences (P>0.05) in the result of biochemical and haematological parameters obtained for the control and experimental animals. The findings of this study showed that the stem latex of Jatropha gossypifolia has no harmful effects. Key words: Safety, Jatropha gosssypifolia, stem latex, biochemical, haematological, parameters.

Big Nose and His Painted Elk Skin

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries a number of veteran Plains Indian warriors were commissioned to paint their war histories and provide accompanying verbal explanations of the depicted events. These important sources of primary information add significantly to our understanding of earlier, poorly documented war exploit paintings and rock art. As well, a look at the formalistic qualities of these commissioned works against the background of events surrounding their execution tells us much about contemporaneous reservation life and relations between Native Americans and Euro-Americans. The present study centers on the elk skin painting and accompanying explanations which Big Nose, a Piegan chief, was commissioned to execute in 1893-1894.

Species distribution and physiological characterization of <i>Acinetobacter </i>genospecies from healthy human skin of tribal population in India

Various reports on distribution of Acinetobacter spp. from healthy human skin restricted to urban population. However, no such data is available from healthy human skin of tribal population not exposed to modern antibiotics during their life time. Isolation, biotyping, distribution and physiological characterisation of Acinetobacter spp. from healthy human skin of tribal population. Tribal population of Toranmal area of Satpuda Ranges, Maharashtra, India were sampled for ten body sites. Tentative Acinetobacter isolates were confirmed to the genus level by chromosomal DNA transformation assay and to species level using Bouvet and Grimont system. Novel physiological characteristics like pH, temperature and salt tolerance were studied. All strains were screened for production of various enzymes. One hundred and eighteen strains were isolated, which belonged to nine Acinetobacter genospecies. A. haemolyticus was most abundant followed by A. calcoaceticus and A. genospecies 1-3. Higher percentage of Acinetobacter was recovered from skin of nose, Pawara tribe and female volunteers. They showed wide variation in temperature, salt and pH tolerance. Most of the strains could produce enzymes viz, lipase, esterase, urease and amylase. Acinetobacter spp. belonging to nine genospecies were obtained in the present study. Physiological characteristics including high salt, temperature and acidic pH tolerance were helpful to differentiate between the commensal and pathogenic species of Acinetobacter genus.

Immunohistochemical assay reveals that TRPM8 protein is expressed in nerve terminals of skin of nose, fingers and ear of mice

Immunohistochemical assay reveals that TRPM8 protein is expressed in nerve terminals of skin of nose, fingers and ear of mice

The HHV-8 chemokine receptor vGPCR triggers autonomous proliferation of endothelial cells

We have used a novel conditional transgenic system to study the mechanisms of angioproliferation induced by vGPCR, the constitutively active chemokine receptor encoded by HHV-8 (also known as KSHV). Using this system we were able to control temporal expression of vGPCR and to monitor its expression in situ via the use of the surrogate marker LacZ. Upon treatment with doxycycline (DOX), cells expressing vGPCR and LacZ (vGPCR/LacZ+ cells) progressively accumulated in areas where angioproliferation was observed. Sorted vGPCR/LacZ+ cells from angiogenic lesions expressed markers characteristic of endothelial progenitor cells, produced angiogenic factors, and proliferated in vitro. Prolonged treatment of the transgenic mice with DOX led to development of tumors in the skin of ears, tail, nose and paws. vGPCR/LacZ+ cells were frequent in early lesions but scarce within these tumors. Finally, transfer of vGPCR/LacZ+ cells into RAG1-/- mice treated with DOX led to angioproliferation and with time to development of tumors containing both vGPCR/LacZ+ and vGPCR/LacZ- cells. Taken together these results indicate that vGPCR triggers angioproliferation directly and suggest a novel role for this molecule in the pathogenesis of KS.

O.016 Local flaps reconstruction in squamous cell carcinoma of the nose skin

O.016 Local flaps reconstruction in squamous cell carcinoma of the nose skin

Comparison of paraffin-embedded skin biopsies from different anatomical regions as sampling methods for detection of Leishmaniainfection in dogs using histological, immunohistochemical and PCR methods

BackgroundWe compared skin biopsy samples from different anatomical regions for detecting Leishmania in dogs, using histological (HE), immunohistochemical (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques.ResultsThe sensitivity was 82.8 percent for PCR, 62.1 percent for IHC and 44.8 percent for HE. These methods do not appear to depend on the clinical status of the animal or the anatomical source of the skin sample; there is no "best region" for any method. However, PCR was more effective than IHC and HE for ear and nose skin samples whereas IHC was better than HE for nose samples. There was weak agreement between PCR and HE for all tissue samples; good agreement between PCR and IHC for ear and abdomen samples, and weak agreement for nose; and optimal agreement between IHC and HE for ear and abdomen and good agreement for nose samples.ConclusionThe PCR on ear skin could be the best procedure for diagnosing canine visceral leishmaniasis. The good agreement between PCR and IHC indicates that IHC can be used as an alternative method. Finally, tissue samples from ears, nose and abdomen, particularly ears and nose, are potentially useful for diagnosing canine visceral leishmaniasis independently of the animal's clinical status.

The human herpesvirus 8 chemokine receptor vGPCR triggers autonomous proliferation of endothelial cells

We have used a novel conditional transgenic system to study the mechanisms of angioproliferation induced by viral G protein-coupled receptor (vGPCR), the constitutively active chemokine receptor encoded by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8, also known as Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus). Using this system, we were able to control temporal expression of vGPCR and to monitor its expression in situ via the use of the surrogate marker LacZ. Upon treatment with doxycycline (DOX), cells expressing vGPCR and LacZ (vGPCR/LacZ(+) cells) progressively accumulated in areas where angioproliferation was observed. Sorted vGPCR/LacZ(+) cells from angiogenic lesions expressed markers characteristic of endothelial progenitor cells, produced angiogenic factors, and proliferated in vitro. Prolonged treatment of transgenic mice with DOX led to development of tumors in the skin of ears, tail, nose, and paws. vGPCR/LacZ(+) cells were frequent in early lesions but scarce within these tumors. Finally, transfer of vGPCR/LacZ(+) cells into Rag1(-/-) mice treated with DOX led to angioproliferation and, with time, to development of tumors containing both vGPCR/LacZ(+) and vGPCR/LacZ(-) cells. Taken together, these results indicate that vGPCR triggers angioproliferation directly and suggest a novel role for this molecule in the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma.

Facial cold-induced vasodilation and skin temperature during exposure to cold wind

One purpose of this study was to characterize the facial skin temperature and cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) response of 12 subjects (six males and six females) during exposure to cold wind (i.e., -10 to 10 degrees C; 2, 5, and 8 m/s wind speed). This study found that at each wind speed, facial skin temperature decreased as ambient temperature decreased. The percentage of subjects showing facial CIVD decreased significantly at an ambient temperature above -10 degrees C. A similar CIVD percentage was observed between 0 degrees C dry and 10 degrees C wet (face sprayed with fine water mist) at each wind speed. No CIVDs were observed during the 10 degrees C dry condition at any wind speed. The incidence of CIVD response was more uniform across facial sites when there was a greater cold stress (i.e., -10 degrees C and 8 m/s wind). Another objective of the study was to examine the effect of the thermal state of the body (as reflected by core temperature) on the facial skin temperature response during rest and exercise. This study found that nose skin temperature was significantly higher in exercising subjects with an elevated core temperature even though there was no significant difference in face skin temperature between the two conditions. Therefore, this finding suggests that acral regions of the face, such as the nose, are more sensitive to changes in the thermal state of the body, and hence will stay warmer relative to other parts of the face during exercise in the cold.

Face cooling by cold wind in walking subjects.

The effects of low to moderate wind speeds on face temperature, thermal and pain sensations while subjects walked on a treadmill during cold exposure were studied in eight healthy men. The purpose of the study was to evaluate further the risk of frostbite at different activity levels. The walking speed was 2.8 km h(-1) and two inclination levels were used, 0 degrees and 6 degrees. The subjects were exposed to -10 degrees C and 0, 1 or 5 m s(-1) wind for 60 min dressed in cold-protective clothing with only the face unprotected. Results from previous experiments with the same subjects standing for 30 min were included in the analysis of the data. Each individual was exposed to all combinations of air velocity and activity level. The exposure to -10 degrees C and the highest wind speed used would carry no risk of frostbite according to the wind chill index. Cold lowered the skin temperature of the face significantly and wind further increased skin cooling. The activity level did not affect forehead and cheek temperatures, but the average nose skin temperature was higher and pain sensations were reduced at a higher work rate. The predicted risk of frostbite in the nose, based on average responses, would thus be less at a higher work rate. However, the results indicate that exercise does not necessarily protect all individuals from frostbite at moderate air speeds, since the nose skin temperature of 25% of the subjects dropped to 0 degrees C at 5 m s(-1) during both standing and walking. Thus the potential individual risk of frostbite in the nose is similar during light exercise and standing. Moreover, the risk of frostbite seems to be underestimated by the wind chill index under the conditions tested in this study.

Cytogenetic effects in workers occupationally exposed to tobacco dust

Tobacco dust mainly contains nitrosamines, which are readily absorbed by the body tissues like skin, respiratory epithelium, and mucous membrane of mouth, nose and intestines. Exposure to tobacco dust is known to affect the respiratory tracts in humans. In the present study, cytogenetic effects of exposure to tobacco dust are evaluated in 154 male tobacco factory workers and 138 age and sex matched controls by analysing chromosomal aberrations in their peripheral blood lymphocytes. The workers were in the age group of 20–55 years and were employed in the tobacco processing factory for 1–32 years. Heparinised blood samples were collected from workers and control subjects and lymphocyte cultures were carried out by using standard technique. Slides were prepared and 150 metaphases were screened for each sample for various structural and numerical types of abnormalities. A statistically significant increase was observed in the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations in non-smoking and smoking exposed groups when compared to the respective controls. An increase in the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations was also observed with increase in years of service in the exposed subjects.

The use of full-thickness skin grafts to repair nonperforating nasal defects

Background: Full-thickness skin grafts are traditionally thought of as inferior alternatives to local flaps in nasal reconstruction. Objective: Our purpose was to demonstrate that full-thickness skin grafts are viable alternatives to local flaps in the reconstruction of nonperforating defects extending through the dermis of the nose. Methods: The literature was reviewed to determine the best donor sites for full-thickness skin grafts to repair defects on different regions of the nose. Results: The optimal donor site for the repair of defects on the thin skin of the upper two thirds of the nose (dorsum and sidewall) is the preauricular area. The best donor site for the repair of defects on the thick, sebaceous skin of the lower one third of the nose (tip and ala) is the conchal bowl of the ear. Defects located on the transition zone between the upper two thirds and lower one third of the nose are best repaired with Burow's grafts or nasolabial fold grafts. Conclusion: Full-thickness skin grafts are excellent alternatives to local flaps in the reconstruction of nonperforating nasal defects provided that the surgeon selects the appropriate donor site based on whether the surgical defect is located on the thin, pliable skin of the upper nose or the thick, sebaceous skin of the lower nose. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:1041–50.)

An examination of the phenol-croton oil peel: part IV. Face peel results with different concentrations of phenol and croton oil.

In Part IV of this examination of the phenol-croton oil peel, the author presents peeling solutions using phenol in concentrations between 16% and 50% as the carrier for croton oil. Previously, in Part I, the author showed that phenol alone in concentrations of less than 50% has no significant peeling effect on the skin in the absence of taping. All of these formulas are dependent on the addition of croton oil for their peeling action. A topographic map of the face is presented that divides the face into the zones that the author believes are best treated with different strengths of croton oil. Five patients peeled between late 1992 and late 1995 were chosen as examples to illustrate the effect of different strengths of croton oil between 0.25% and 2.78%. The author has documented their immediate postoperative course photographically to show the effect of the different concentrations. It is clinically apparent that peels using croton oil between 0.25% and 0.5% generally heal within 7 days; peels between 0.6% and 1.0% usually heal within 9 or 10 days, and peels using concentrations higher than 1% heal later and have some risk of pigmentation loss. Peels using croton oil concentrations at 2% and above almost always have pigmentation loss and have healing delays in areas other than the thick skin of the lower nose and perioral area. The practical clinical formulas distributed at the time of the presentation of this article at the 1996 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery in Orlando, Florida, entitled "Heresy Phenol Formulas--1996," are provided here. These have been used in both the United States and Europe over the past few years. A metric standard for drop size is suggested at 0.04 ml. This relates to the drop size used clinically over the years to measure croton oil. The adoption of this unit will make formulas around the world easier to calculate and compare. The author has produced a metric formula using the suggested standard size drop for croton oil. This uses 35% phenol as the carrier and provides the same range of treatment dilutions as the 1996 "Heresy Phenol Formulas." The need for research into "carriers" and solvents for croton oil is pointed out. Despite what is not known about how it works, the combination of croton seed extract and phenol has been a success story in providing facial rejuvenation from the 1920s to the present. The croton oil-phenol peel in its many formulas still sets the standard for facial rejuvenation.

Use of the Laryngeal Mask Before Tracheal Intubation in a Patient with a Cancerous Nose

To the Editor: We report a new indication for the laryngeal mask airway. A 61-year-old man (weight 60 kg) with adenocarcinoma of the nose was scheduled for resection of the tumor and skin flap to the region. The tumor had penetrated the nose skin and was prone to bleeding if pressure was applied. Surgeons requested us not to apply a face mask during the induction of anesthesia to avoid spreading of cancerous exudate to the airway. Preoperatively, there were no pathological changes to the oropharynx. No difficulty in tracheal intubation or in insertion of the laryngeal mask was predicted. In the operating room, while oxygen was given by "open drop" method, lidocaine 50 mg was injected IV. Anesthesia was induced by propofol 3.3 mg/kg and maintained by continuous infusion of propofol, starting with the rate of 10 mg [middle dot] kg (-1) [middle dot] h-1. Immediately after the induction of anesthesia, thrusting the jaw forward did not cause body movements, indicating that the depth of anesthesia was adequate for insertion of the laryngeal mask [1]. The laryngeal mask was inserted without difficulty. While adequate ventilation via the laryngeal mask was being obtained, vecuronium 8 mg was given. A few minutes later, the mask was removed, and the trachea was intubated using a laryngoscope. During this procedure, arterial oxygen hemoglobin saturation remained >98%, and there was no bleeding from the lesion. Both anesthesia and operation proceeded uneventfully. It is possible to insert the laryngeal mask without airway complications immediately after the induction of anesthesia using propofol [1,2]; thus, interruption of ventilation of the lungs is usually <1 min. Therefore, if application of a face mask is undesirable during the induction of anesthesia-for example, in a patient with pathological changes to the tissues around the mouth-the laryngeal mask allows adequate ventilation until a muscle relaxant takes its effect and the trachea is intubated. Takashi Asai, MD, PhD Sachiko Johmura, MD Koh Shingu, MD Department of Anesthesiology; Kansai Medical University; Moriguchi City, Osaka 570-8507, Japan

Staphylococcus species on the skin surface of infant atopic dermatitis patients.

The Staphylococcus species present in microbiological samples from the facial skin of 10 infants with atopic dermatitis and eight healthy infants were studied. S. aureus colonization was detected on the cheek and nose skin of most of the infants with atopic dermatitis (9/10 and 7/10, respectively). Among the coagulase-negative staphylococci found, S. epidermidis was detected commonly on the skin of healthy infants; several other species of coagulase-negative staphylococci were found on the skin of infants with atopic dermatitis and of healthy infants.

Nasal mucosal vasodilatation in response to passive hyperthermia in humans.

The present study was conducted to measure nasal mucosal blood flow (NMBF) during body warming. Five subjects [mean (SD) 24 (2) years], wearing only shorts and a thick felt hat with ear flaps, were immersed to the neck in a bath at 40 (0.5) degrees C. Tympanic (Tty), esophageal (Tes), mean unweighted skin (Tsk), nose skin and ear pinna skin were recorded at 1-min intervals. NMBF on the lower septal wall was estimated using a laser Doppler flow meter. At rest Tty and Tes were both 36.5 degrees C. Tty dropped significantly below Tes during body warming, despite impeded heat loss from the head due to the felt hat. Tty increased to 37.3 degrees C and Tes increased to 37.5 degrees C during the immersion. During the immersion all skin temperatures were steady or increasing, ruling out the possibility of a contamination of Tty from Tsk. Body warming significantly (P = 0.001) increased NMBF by approximately three times from resting values at the end of immersion. During the period of increasing core temperatures NMBF was significantly correlated to Tty (r = 0.93, P = 0.0001) and Tes (r = 0.97, P = 0.0001), suggesting the blood flow change in this tissue was a thermoregulatory response. The increased NMBF during hyperthermia supports the hypothesis of respiratory cooling involvement in selective brain cooling of humans.

Cleft Lip Residual Deformity Correction

AbstractCleft lip residual deformities need a Careful assessment of disfigurement and distortion related defects.Lip and nose both develop them after the successful primary repair. That of nose are related to collumela, alar cartilages, septum both bony as well as cartilagenous and vestibules. Surgical correction of each and every one of the defects present is expected to give a functionally and aesthetically acceptable result. Proper understanding of skeletal structural support of nose and that of certain other elements on which nose skin is draped is necessary. This artical deals with finer aspects of deformities that develop in cleft lip noses and describes ways and means of correcting them.

Quantification of phthalocyanine concentration in rat tissue using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy.

Quantification of photosensitizer concentration in tissue should improve planning and outcome of photodynamic therapy. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) can be used to measure in vivo fluorescence of photosensitizers in tissue. This study was designed to determine if in vivo fluorescence intensity of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate correlates with its concentration in different rat tissues. Following LIF measurements, the animals were humanely euthanized and the concentration of phthalocyanine in different tissues was determined using chemical extraction technique. The correlation of phthalocyanine fluorescence intensity and its concentration was determined for each tissue using Pearson product-moment correlation analysis. A strong correlation between in vivo phthalocyanine fluorescence intensity and its concentration was found for spleen, kidney, liver, and chemically induced mammary adenocarcinoma. Low correlation was found for thigh skin and planum of nose. No correlation was found for thigh muscle and tongue.

Open structure rhinoplasty for management of the non-Caucasian nose

Aesthetic surgery of the non-Caucasian nose frequently requires aggressive surgical manuevers to attain the desired changes in nasal contour. Unfortunately, thick, sebaceous skin of the non-Caucasian nose is at great risk for increased scar contracture, which could deform an already weak nasal structure. To prevent deformity, we use the open structure rhinoplasty technique to add support to the nasal structure in the form of columellar struts and sutured-in-place tip grafts. In this article, specific modifications of the open structure rhinoplasty technique are described for management of the non-Caucasian nose.