Skin Notation Research Articles

Re: “Dermal Absorption Potential of Industrial Chemicals: Criteria for Skin Notation”

Re: “Dermal Absorption Potential of Industrial Chemicals: Criteria for Skin Notation”

Criteria for skin notation of chemical compounds

Criteria for skin notation of chemical compounds

Criteria for skin notation of chemical compounds

Criteria for skin notation of chemical compounds

Assignment of Skin Notation for Threshold Limit Values Chemicals Based on Acute Dermal Toxicity

Abstract The skin notation with a threshold limit value (TLV) indicates that significant quantities of the chemical may be absorbed through that route to produce unwanted systemic effects. The relationship between the dermal LD50 for a given chemical and the occurrence of skin irritation in the TLV was examined. An association was found, but it was weak. We suggest that all chemicals found to have LD50 values lower than 1000 mg/kg be initially assigned a skin notation until more definitive work proves otherwise. Further, effects that can be produced following repeated dermal exposures using reasonable dose concentrations need to be evaluated for the purpose of a skin notation. Extrapolation of dermal effects following information from other routes of administration needs to be carefully considered, particularly when the absorption and distribution of the chemical following various routes (including dermal) are known. Kennedy, G.L., Jr.; Brock, W.J.; Banerjee, A.K.: Assignment of Skin Notation for Threshol...

Dermal absorption potential of industrial chemicals: Criteria for skin notation

A dermal penetration rate (flux), predicted from physical properties of 132 chemicals, is suggested as an index of the dermal absorption potential of industrial chemicals. The prediction is designed for organic nonelectrolytes. Two reference values are recommended as criteria for skin notation: 1) dermal absorption potential, which relates to dermal absorption raising the dose of nonvolatile chemicals or biological levels of volatile chemicals 30% above those observed during inhalation exposure to TLV-TWA only--dermal absorption of chemicals belonging to this category should be considered when data obtained by biological monitoring are interpreted; and 2) dermal toxicity potential, which relates to dermal absorption that triples biological levels as compared with levels observed during inhalation exposure to TLV-TWA only. Chemicals belonging in this category should carry a skin notation. The toxicity criteria may not be valid for chemicals whose TLVs are based on preventing irritation and discomfort.

Skin notation in the context of workplace exposure standards.

In the establishment of workplace exposure standards, the potential for cutaneous absorption is taken into consideration through the addition of "skin notation" to the relevant substance. In the TLVs Documentation (ACGIH, 1986) dermal lethal dose to 50% (LD50) or human data are the bases for the assignment of "skin notation" to 91 of 168 substances. For the other substances, the "skin" attribution seems to be based on undocumented statements in 24 (14.5%), skin effects in 13 (8%), and analogy in 7 (4%), while in the remaining 33 (20%) any reference is lacking as to the basis for notation of the cutaneous route of entry. Furthermore, since the established "cut-off" value of 2 g/kg is sometimes bypassed when a notation is added or omitted, the use of dermal LD50 is perplexing. Given the relevance of the skin notation for the validation of threshold limit values (TLVs) in the workplace, a full examination and citation of all available scientific data are recommended when establishing the TLV of substances absorbable through the skin.