Skin Illness Research Articles

The Influence of Phytoconstituents for the Management of Antipsoriatic Activity in Various Animal Models.

It is possible for psoriasis to manifest at any point in a person's life, regardless of their age, gender, or geographic location. It is a chronic immune-linked inflammatory skin ill-ness that affects individuals of various racial and ethnic origins. It is recognized to be a long-lasting condition. Because of the significant contribution that natural products have made, there has been a significant advancement in the treatment of skin illnesses such as psoriasis. The biggest number of phytochemicals derived from a wide range of plants and herbs are now being used in a variety of applications throughout the whole world. Additionally, a number of phyto-chemicals, including aloe-emodin, psoralen, curcumin, and others, have been effectively ex-tracted in pure or clear form, and they have shown a great deal of efficacy in the treatment of psoriasis illness. There is evidence that a few herbal remedies are effective, and the occurrence of these phytochemicals provides more proof. When synthetic medications are used for chronic therapy, they may cause a variety of adverse consequences; hence, the exploration of natural pharmaceuticals can give a successful natural treatment with a minimal amount of adverse ef-fects. Within the scope of this concise review, a number of plant sources that possess anti-pso-riatic activity are investigated, and the antipsoriatic effects of these plant sources are shown on a number of animal models using particular pathways.

Revolutionizing Pediatric Dermatology: Dupilumab’s Impact on Atopic Dermatitis in Kids

Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is a common, non-communicable, immune-mediated, inflammatory skin illness mainly affecting children. It is a chronic condition. It causes mental health problems like anxiety, sadness, anxiety, depression, hyperactivity, and obesity. It is the first skin ailment and the fifteenth non-fatal disease. The purpose of the present research study was to evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of biological treatment for atopic dermatitis using monoclonal antibodies against non-biological treatment, including antibiotics, immunosuppressants, demards, histamine antagonists and corticosteroids. Patient information was gathered from FDA-approved clinical trials. The comparative analysis found that Biological therapies like Dupilumab, Omalizumab, and Ustekinumab improve symptoms and disease control in atopic dermatitis. Non-biological treatments may not be as effective. Early antibiotic exposure can increase infection vulnerability. Mild eczema infections require biological agents. Topical corticosteroids can be combined with Dupilumab for effective treatment of atopic dermatitis. Studies show that Dupilumab improves symptoms and quality of life, making it a better option than a placebo. FDA recommends using biological agents over immunosuppressants in paediatrics for improved immune results. FDA clinical trials showed that dupilumab is a safe and effective treatment for children with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, reducing disease severity and improving quality of life in young AD patients.

Shikonin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles: A promising strategy for psoriasis treatment

Psoriasis is an inflammation-based skin illness marked by aggravated proliferation of epidermal cells. Shikonin is a natural naphthoquinone obtained from Arnebiae radix. It exerts anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. However, the poor water solubility and low bioavailability of shikonin limit its application. In this study, shikosin-loaded PLGA nanoparticle hydrogel was prepared and used to deliver the drug to the epidermis of psoriasis mice through local administration. The results demonstrated that shikosin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles inhibited HaCaT cell multiplication, increased drug uptake, and induced apoptosis of HaCaT cells. Results from Western blotting assays indicated that shikosin down-regulated the protein expressions of p65 and p-p65. Furthermore, shikonin mitigated psoriasis and decreased the concentrations of inflammation-inducing cytokines, i.e., IL17A, IL-17F, IL-22, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Taken together, these results suggest that shikonin-PLGA nanoparticles loaded in hydrogel system possess promising therapeutic potential for psoriasis.

Triggered Skin Sensitivity: Understanding Contact Dermatitis.

Dermatitis, the incendiary reaction of the skin to various components, can manifest invarioustypes, including atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, nummular eczema, seborrhoea, and stasis dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis is the most common skin disease in children and has a growing prevalence in recent years.It is characterized by extreme tingling, eczemous skin injuries, dryness of the skin, and a family history of atopic illnesses.Contact dermatitis (CD) is a common, irritating skin disorder caused by allergens and aggravating elements in the environment. It is the most common cause of work-related dermatitis and plays a substantial role in hand and face dermatitis. A completerestorativehistory is essential for establishing CD and identifying the allergies that cause it. Fix testing, skin tests for fast contact reactions, serum allergen-specific IgE testing, subjective and quantitative evaluation of allergens inside probable items patientswere exposedto, and challenge testing are among the other diagnostic techniques. To avoid a breakdown and the continuation of the skin illness, early and suitable therapy is critical. Allergic dermatitis to contact (ACD) develops during thenormal, delayed incendiary reaction and has a perplexing etiology. Accurate identification of the allergenthat iscausing the reaction allows for adequate individual avoidance. Themajortreatment alternatives continue to be corticosteroids. Nickel-contact dermatitis is an allergic reaction that affects both children and adults. Adverse contact dermatitis (ACD) is a frequent skin reaction to a common allergen that can affectbothchildren and adults. Less than 10% of all diagnostic procedures in pediatric patients involve checking for ACD symptoms.To answer the clinical question,a thorough history is gathered based on appearance, age group, and dermatitis type.According to pediatricians in the US, metals, perfumes, topical antimicrobials, excessive chemicals, and fabric softeners are the most typical allergens.

Skin cancer classification enabled mobile neuro fuzzy network and entropy with weber local binary pattern based for feature extraction

Skin cancer (SC) is the most quickly spreading diagnosis all over the world due to limited resources presented. Accurately diagnosing skin lesions in their early stages could help clinicians make better decisions by raising the likelihood of a cure before cancer develops. However, because to the imbalance and scarcity of most skin illness images used for training, it is challenging to achieve automatic skin cancer classification. Also, it experiences difficulties like high consumption of time. Deep learning (DL) modules are introduced to deal with these difficulties as well as it aids dermatologists in creating precise examinations. To conquer this concern, a novel entropy system for SC classification is developed by a hybrid network named as Mobile Neuro Fuzzy Network (MNFN), where MNFN is the fusion of MobileNet and Cascade Neuro fuzzy Network (cascade NFN). The input image is forwarded to the pre-processing unit, which is done by using a bilateral filter. Skin lesion segmentation is done by Squeeze U-SegNet. Feature extraction is performed using the proposed Weber Local Binary Pattern (WLBP) with entropy is also extracted. Then, data augmentation (DA) by oversampling scheme Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) is performed. Finally, SC classification is executed by employing a hybrid model MNFN. Here the SC is classified into various class labels. The analytic metrics used for MNFN namely, accuracy, True Positive Rate (TPR), True Negative Rate (TNR), False Positive Rate(FPR) and False Negative Rate (FNR) gained suitable values of 0.930, 0.945, 0.931, 0.110 and 0.094.

Comparison of CNN and SVM Methods on Web-based Skin Disease Classification Process

Skin, as the outermost layer of the body, is often in contact with bacteria, germs and viruses because of its most external position. According to statistics from the 2009 Indonesian Health Profile, skin illness is the third most common ailment seen in outpatient settings across the country's hospitals. Therefore, maintaining healthy skin is important because it protects the body's internal organs from injury and attack by pathogens. The development of image classification, such as the classification of skin diseases, has become a focus in the health sector. This research analyses the performance of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) in web-based skin disease classification and overcomes the problem of imbalanced training data. With data augmentation and preprocess, this research improves data generalization and compares performance metrics such as Recall, Accuracy, and F1 Score. The results show that the average accuracy of CNN is 83.8%, while SVM reaches 81%. Although both models have high metrics for the normal class, other more complicated classes can only be handled by CNN with a value of more than 0.9. Apart from that, the CNN method also provides a higher Confidence Score than SVM, as well as a faster execution time. In conclusion, the CNN method is superior and recommended for skin disease classification based on web applications based on various performance test results.

AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF SHWITRA (VITILIGO)- A CASE STUDY.

The Sanskrit term Shweta, which meaning "white patch," is the root of the name Shwitra. Shwitra (Vitiligo) is a condition that is referenced in the classic Kushta Roga Chikitsa and affects a significant section of the pediatric population as a result of poor dietary and lifestyle choices. Shwitra "Shweta Bhava Michanti Shwitram" is what the Kashyapa Samhita says. Kilasa, Daruna, Aruna, and Shweta Kushta are some more names for it. In contemporary medicine, vitiligo is referred to as an auto immune illness and manifests as a white patch on the skin. A widespread, progressive, chronic skin illness called vitiligo is characterized by patches of skin with sharp, frequently hyperpigmented edges caused by a lack of melanin pigments. Approximately 1% of people worldwide suffer from this illness. This condition is included under the general topic of Shwitra in Ayurveda. Every Acharya has the same opinion that the two primary therapeutic modalities mentioned in the classics—Samshodhan Karma and Samshaman Karma—should be used to treat Shwitra or Kushtha first. In their various Samhitas, Acharyas have specified a variety of internal and external uses, as well as sun exposure, for Shaman Chikitsa in the Shwitra Roga. Samhitas discuss a wide range of single and combination medications; among them, Shwitrahar Kashaya and lepa are mentioned in detail. One of them is chosen and shown to be useful for the investigation.

Development of Soup Mix Powder Using Avarampoo (Senna Auriculata)

Avaram (Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. syn. Cassia auriculata L.; Family: Fabaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant used in India’s Ayurveda and Siddha traditions of medicine to cure a variety of diseases. There have been reports of therapeutic uses for almost every part of the plant, such as the flowers, leaves, seeds, bark, and roots. Traditionally, it has been used to treat diabetes, asthma, rheumatism, dysentery, skin illness, and metabolic problems. The herb avaram is used to manufacture powdered soup mix. Tastes fantastic and an excellent substitute for energy drinks like soup is the antioxidant-rich mix. By functioning as a natural blood purifier, antioxidants shield the body and skin. Avaram poo soup is made with a mixture of dried and natural spices. It can also help with Blood sugar, Skin tone, Body odor, Menstrual cycle, Hair growth, Premature greying.

Ethnobotanical knowledge of Isaan Laos tribe in Khong Chai District, Kalasin Province, Thailand with particular focus on medicinal uses

Abstract. Niamngon P, Saensouk S, Saensouk P, Junsongduang A. 2023. Ethnobotanical knowledge of Isaan Laos tribe in Khong Chai District, Kalasin Province, Thailand with particular focus on medicinal uses. Biodiversitas 24: 6793-6824. Isaan Laos ethnic group in Khong Chai District, Kalasin Province, Thailand hold a unique ethnobotanical knowledge on plant utilization, yet such knowledge and wisdom are facing gradual erosion due to modernization. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate comprehensively the ethnobotanical knowledge on the uses of plants among the Isaan Laos ethnic group residing in Khong Chai District. Data was gathered between July 2022 and July 2023 via vegetation survey, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with 23 villagers residing in village adjacent to the forested area to collect data on plant local names and its utilization. The data was then analyzed for Cultural Important Index (CI), Informant Agreement Ratio (IAR), and Fidelity Level (%FL). In total, Isaan Laos ethnic group in Khong Chai District utilize 291 plant species belonging to 229 genera and 88 families for various purposes. These plants are further categorized into 12 groups based on their traditional uses, including 168 species used for food and spices, 109 species for medicinal purposes, 74 species for ornamental purposes, 40 species for construction materials, 35 species for beliefs and rituals, 27 species for fuels, 20 poisonous species, 17 species for beverages, 5 species for dyeing, 4 species for cosmetics and perfumery, 3 species for industrial crops and 2 species for apparel. Oryza sativa is the most often utilized plant, with a CI value of 4.74, followed by Senna siamea (3.39) and Pandanus amaryllifolius (3.30). The body ache with the highest Index of IAR=0.94 is associated with Curcuma longa, which has the highest values of Fidelity Level (%FL). The most common use of Curcuma longa is to treat flatulence and expelling wind, as well as skin illness. Additionally, Curcuma longa has the highest CI value of 9.83. This study recorded ethnobotanical data in detail as fundamental knowledge for the conservation of plants to be utilized by future generations.

Small nucleolar RNA Snora73 promotes psoriasis progression by sponging miR-3074-5p and regulating PBX1 expression

Chronic psoriasis is a kind of immune-mediated skin illness and the underlying molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. Here, we used small RNA microarray assays to scan the differential expressed RNAs in psoriasis patient samples. The downstream miRNAs and its targets were predicted using bioinformatics analysis from online bases and confirmed using fluorescence in situ hybridization and dual‑luciferase report gene assay. Cell ability of proliferation and migration were detected using CCK-8 and transwell assays. The results showed that a new snoRNA Snora73 was upregulated in psoriasis patient samples. Overexpression of Snora73 significantly increased psoriasis cells viability and migration, while knockdown of Snora73 got the opposite results. Mechanistically, our results showed that Snora73 acted as a sponge for miR-3074-5p and PBX1 is a direct target of miR-3074-5p in psoriasis cells. Furthermore, miR-3074-5p suppressed psoriasis cell proliferation and migration, while PBX1 promoted cell proliferation and migration in psoriasis. Collectively, these findings reveal a crucial role of Snora73 in progression of psoriasis through miR-3074-5p/PBX1 signaling pathway and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy.

EVALUATION OF IN VIVO ANTI-ACNE ACTIVITY OF FLOWER EXTRACT OF WITHANIA COAGULANS

Acne vulgaris is the widespread chronic skin illness. Conventional therapy has drawbacks, such as increasing antibiotic resistance in the microorganisms that cause acne. Herbs are a natural medicine source that has negligible to no adverse effects when used to treat acne. Numerous researches are carried out to help teens and other individuals avoid acne. Thus, this study deals with discovering the anti-acne potential of medicinal plants W. coagulans. Initially gathering of plant flowers, its extraction and qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed. The in vivo anti-acne activity was performed by inducing the heat killed P. acne in rats’ ear and measuring its thickness on specific days. The results showed that plant contains the alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, protein, carbohydrate, saponin, diterpene, tannin. Total flavonoids content and Total phenol content were found to be0.67 and 0.95 mg/ 100 mg of dried extract of Withania coagulans respectively. In animal mode, at the end of 10th day the ear thickness in Withania coagulans 200 mg/kg treated rats was observed to be 0.19±0.05 which is near to ear thickness of 0.10±0.03 observed in Clindamycin 200 mg/kg p.o treated rats. The results of the extracts were comparable with standard. The data resulted from anti-acne effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Withania coagulans was significantly decreased the inflammation in rat’s ear. Thus, it can be concluded that that Withania coagulans had appreciable anti-acne activity. Withania coagulans can thus be utilized to develop antiacne formulations and tested in preclinical and clinical studies due to its good potency against bacteria that cause acne. KEYWORDS: Acne, Withania coagulans flowers, Phytochemicals, P. acne, Clindamycin, Ear thickness.

Effectiveness of fractionated microneedle radiofrequency in treatment of seborrheic dermatitis

Abstract Introduction: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic, relapsing skin illness that causes erythematous, scaly patches and plaques on sebaceous-rich regions including the scalp, face, and chest. Fractionated microneedle radiofrequency (FMR) manages SD symptoms, reduces inflammation, controls sebum production, and improves skin quality and appearance, increasing patient satisfaction. Objective: The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of FMR in treating SD. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study. Group A included 20 SD patients. They are treated with combination medicine therapy (isotretinoin pill 10 mg on alternative days with topical emollient cream) and FMR single section each month, with an average of two sections per patient (1–4 section). Group B included 20 SD patients. Group B received isotretinoin tablets of 10 mg on alternative days and a topical emollient cream. Results: Group A (mean age = 31.5 ± 7.6 years, 25% females, 75% males) showed a greater reduction in SD grades after treatment compared to group B (mean age = 31.6 ± 8.7 years, 35% females, 65% males). Group A also had a higher percentage of non-relapsing SD cases (63%) and higher satisfaction levels (73.7%) post-treatment, with no significant association between gender, age, and satisfaction. Clear SD grade correlated with higher satisfaction (72.7%) and lower relapse rates (81.1%). Conclusion: FMR and topical therapy dramatically decrease SD severity and recurrence rates, with excellent patient satisfaction across all ages and genders. These encouraging outcomes need larger studies.

A Systematic Review Evaluating the Effectiveness of Several Biological Therapies for the Treatment of Skin Psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin illness that has the potential to manifest at any stage of life, it is most frequently observed in early adulthood. Biological drugs have significantly transformed the landscape of psoriasis treatment through the provision of focused therapy, which effectively mitigates inflammation and regulates the overproduction of skin cells. Notwithstanding the accessibility of these biological drugs, rigorous evaluations that juxtapose their safety and efficacy profiles are necessary. The objective of this study is to conduct a thorough investigation of the relative efficacy of these drugs in alleviating psoriasis symptoms and increasing the quality of life for patients by synthesizing the existing evidence.A comprehensive review was conducted to evaluate and compare the safety and effectiveness of different biochemical medicines utilized in the management of psoriasis. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations, the review process was conducted among the available studies. A search was conducted across electronic databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase, utilizing a combination of keywords and Mesh phrases pertaining to psoriasis, biological medications, and particular names of pharmaceuticals. In total, 475 studies were ascertained by the preliminary search of the database. After eliminating duplicate research, 358 distinct studies remained. After meticulous screening of titles and abstracts against the predefined inclusion criteria, 281 papers were deemed ineligible and thus excluded. For final inclusion, the whole texts of the remaining 77 studies were evaluated. Forty additional papers were removed during the full-text evaluation for a variety of reasons, including improper research design, or insufficient outcome data. Finally, 37 studies were included in this systematic review since they satisfied all inclusion criteria. The results of the current systematic review showed that all biological medications showed high efficacy in the treatment of skin psoriasis compared with placebo based on the clinical assessment outcomes using different tools such as PASI.

A Critical Study on the Synthetic and Herbal Medication Pattern in the Management of Psoriasis

Abstract:: Psoriasis is a persistent skin illness that causes dense, shimmering flakes, irritable, dry, and red patches as a result of the fast buildup of skin cells. It is an autoimmune skin condition that is incurable, non-contagious, and relapsing-remitting. Typically, a remission phase lasts one to twelve months. Psoriasis is caused by a number of cellular mechanisms, and it has been hypothesised that T lymphocytes, keratinocytes, allergen cells, Langerhans cells, natural killer cells, phagocytes, a number of Th1-type chemokines, in addition to growth factors like endothelial proliferation factor and keratinocytes growth factor, among others, are key players in the development of psoriasis. Numerous synthetic medicinal drugs have been documented to have the side effects of psoriasis. Due to the safety and accessibility, herbal medications may hold promise as possible anti-psoriatic molecules. Before creating a potential herbal drug, it is important to thoroughly examine the key players in the evolution of psoriasis, such as T-cell stimulation, transportation, and cytokinase inhibition. The purpose of this review is to investigate how psoriasis spreads and becomes activated, as well as how certain medications might exacerbate the condition and how certain plant resources may be used to treat psoriasis. To create a potent, secure, and dependable treatment, more scientific research on these herbal resources is required.

Epidermolysis bullosa with col7a1 mutation at Jiangsu university hospital: A Case report and review of the literature

We describe a case of a new born Chinese male baby who was diagnosed with Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB), a rare genetic skin illness that causes particular blisters to appear on the baby's lower limbs immediately after delivery. The flaw results from the skin's reduced ability to adhere to supporting tissue, which makes it brittle. Through carrier mother inheritance, genetic testing identified our case as an EB patient with Aplasia Cutis Congenita after a nucleotide alteration in the COL7A1 gene.

Anti-MRSA activity of Stereospermum fimbriatum’s stem bark extracted using subcritical and supercritical carbon dioxide

Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge in healthcare, and this is further worsened by the presence of the dreadful Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. This has urged scientists to find new effective antimicrobial drugs. Earth is enriched with natural resources such as plants that have been used traditionally to cure diseases. Stereospermum fimbriatum or “Chicha” had been used traditionally to treat several illnesses such as stomachache, earache, itchy skin, and postpartum illness. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the antibacterial potential of S. fimbriatum’s stem bark against MRSA. Subcritical (Sub-CO2) and supercritical carbon dioxide (Sup-CO2) extractions were used to extract the stem bark, with and without the addition of co-solvent (ethanol). The antimicrobial assay was carried out using disc diffusion (200, 400 and 600 µg/disc), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests. There was no anti-MRSA activity observed on both the Sub-CO2 and Sup-CO2 extracts without 10% ethanol. The most potent anti-MRSA was observed by the Sup-CO2 extract with 10% ethanol with the MIC value of 500 µg/mL. Therefore, the use of ethanol (10 %) in the extraction increased the antibacterial activity of the S. fimbriatum’s extract against MRSA. These research findings could potentially facilitate future investigations into the utilization of green extraction methods to uncover promising antibacterial agents that can effectively target MRSA, a formidable pathogen. Future studies on the other parts of S. fimbriatum, its potential toxicity, and the possible mechanisms of action are needed to investigate its promising therapeutic values on MRSA infections.

Formulation and evaluation of anti-acne face cream

Now a day’s the majority of Indians are affected by the persistent skin illness known as acne vulgaris. Sebaceous glands are involved in the chronic inflammatory skin condition known as acne. Propionibacterium acnes (P. acne), altered follicular keratinization, inflammation, and androgen-induced enhanced sebum hyper-production are four primary pathophysiology. Due to their minimal adverse effects, many now prefer using herbal products over synthetic ones. We create the anti-acne face cream using ingredients like Manjishtha, Aloe Vera, and almond oil. Indian madder, also known as Rubia cordifolia, is found close to streams and rivers. It contains additional qualities including anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, etc. and is typically used to treat acne. Almond oil is filled with vitamin E, and aloe vera is advantageous and mostly used to cure skin conditions. Certain evaluation test are performed to check whether cream suitable for human skin, its checks whether cream cause the irritancy after applying to skin or not.

Assessment of relationships between bullous pemphigoid and neurological diseases: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most prevalent autoimmune vesiculobullous skin illness that tends to affect the elderly. Growing evidence has hinted a correlation between BP and neurological diseases. However, existing observational studies contained inconsistent results, and the causality and direction of their relationship remain poorly understood. To assess the causal relationship between BP and neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke. A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) adopted independent top genetic variants as instruments from the largest accessible genome-wide association studies (GWASs), with BP (n = 218 348), PD (n = 482 730), AD (n = 63 926), stroke (n = 446 696), and MS (n = 115 803). Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted mode methods, weighted median, and simple mode were performed to explore the causal association. Multiple sensitivity analyses, MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (PRESSO) was used to evaluate horizontal pleiotropy and remove outliers. With close-to-zero effect estimates, no causal impact of BP on the risk of the four neurological diseases was discovered. However, we found that MS was positively correlated with higher odds of BP (OR = 1.220, 95% CI: 1.058-1.408, p = 0.006), while no causal associations were observed between PD (OR = 0.821, 95% CI: 0.616-1.093, p = 0.176), AD (OR = 1.066, 95% CI: 0.873-1.358, p = 0.603), stroke (OR = 0.911, 95% CI: 0.485-1.713, p = 0.773) and odds of BP. In summary, no causal impact of BP on the risk of PD, AD, MS and stroke was detected in our MR analysis. However, reverse MR analysis identified that only MS was positively correlated with higher odds of BP, but not PD, AD and stroke.

Recreational water exposures and illness outcomes at a freshwater beach in Toronto, Canada: A prospective cohort pilot study.

Swimming and other recreational water activities in surface waters are popular in Canada during the summer. However, these activities can also increase the risk of recreational water illness. While routine monitoring of beach water quality is conducted by local authorities each summer, little research is available in Canada about beach exposures and illness risks. We conducted a pilot of a prospective cohort study at a popular beach in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in 2022 to determine characteristics of beachgoers, common water and sand exposures, the incidence of recreational water illness, and the feasibility for a larger, national cohort study. We enrolled beachgoers on-site and surveyed about their exposures at the beach and conducted a follow-up survey 7 days following their beach visit to ascertain acute gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin, ear, and eye illness outcomes. We descriptively tabulated and summarized the collected data. We enrolled 649 households, consisting of 831 beachgoers. Water contact activities were reported by 56% of beachgoers, with swimming being the most common activity (44% of participants). Similarly, 56% of beachgoers reported digging in the sand or burying themselves in the sand. Children (≤14 years) and teenagers (15-19 years) were most likely to report engaging in water contact activities and swallowing water, while children were most likely to report sand contact activities and getting sand in their mouth. Boys and men were more likely than women and girls to report swallowing water (15.2% vs. 9.4%). Water and sand exposures also differed by household education level and participant ethno-racial identity. E. coli levels in beach water were consistently low (median = 20 CFU/100 mL, range = 10-58). The incidence of illness outcomes was very low (0.3-2.8%) among the 287 participants that completed the follow-up survey. The identified beach exposure patterns can inform future risk assessments and communication strategies. Excellent water quality was observed at the studied beach, likely contributing to the low incidence of illnesses. A larger, national cohort study is needed in Canada to examine risks of illness at beaches at higher risk of fecal contamination.

Skin Cancer Detection by Feature Extraction using Neural Networks

One of the most serious diseases, human cancer is primarily brought on by various molecular changes and genetic instability. Skin cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer in people. We will research and examine them using various segmentation and feature extraction approaches in order to detect skin cancer at an early stage. Due to the high concentration of melanoma-Here, we provide our skin, in the dermis layer of the skin, our focus is on the identification of malignant melanoma skin cancer. Here, we applied our ABCD rule dermoscopy [1] technology for the identification of malignant melanoma skin cancer. In this system, there are several steps for melanoma skin lesion characterization, including image acquisition, pre-processing, segmentation, and feature definition for skin features. Lesion characterization and classification methods are then determined by the lesion's characterization and features. We employed LBP to extract the texture-based features as well as symmetry detection, border detection, color detection, and diameter detection in the feature extraction process for digital image processing. Here, we suggested using a convolutional neural network to distinguish between stages of healthy skin and skin illness.