Prevention Of Skin Diseases Research Articles

Identification and biological analysis of LncSPRY4-IT1-targeted functional proteins in photoaging skin.

Skin photoaging, main causes of skin aging, is induced by chronic UV irradiation. LncSPRY4-IT1, a broadly expressed lncRNA, takes part in various biological functions by combining with functional protein molecules. However, the role of LncSPRY4-IT1 in skin photoaging process has not been characterized. This study is to investigate the interacting proteins of LncSPRY4-IT1 by combining RNA pull-down, high-throughput, and bioinformatic analysis. Human skin fibroblasts (HDFs) were exposed to 10J/cm2 UVA irradiation, once a day for 14days. LncSPRY4-IT1 expression was qualified via RT-PCR. In vitro RNA pull-down assays and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis were used to identify the LncSPRY4-IT1-related proteins. Functional annotation analysis and pathway enrichment were preformed via Gene Ontology and KEGG. LncSPRY4-IT1 expression in photoaging fibroblasts was increased 1.66±0.23 folds. 181 LncSPRY4-IT1-interacting proteins in UVA-induced photoaging skin fibroblast irradiation were identified, of which 56 proteins with two or more unique peptides, 73 proteins related to RNA processing, and 5 proteins related to DNA processing. High-throughput and bioinformatic analysis showed that LncSPRY4-IT1-targeting proteins were involved in cellular process, metabolic process, biological regulation, and cell part in skin photoaging process. The KEGG revealed that LncSPRY4-IT1-targeting proteins were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways. The results of our studies illuminate how LncSPRY4-IT1 formed a LncRNA-protein regulatory network in skin photoaging mechanisms and suggest that LncSPRY4-IT1 may serve as a novel upstream intervention target for the prevention and treatment of photoaging and related skin diseases.

Community attitude and practice towards skin disease prevention in a rural community in Busia County

Background: Skin conditions were the fourth leading cause of nonfatal burden globally, expressed as years lost due to disability and eighteenth leading cause of health burden worldwide, expressed as disability adjusted life years. From Busia County health sector strategic and investment plan 2018-2023 report, skin diseases was third leading cause of morbidity in the county with 6.5%. Skin diseases, though very common in many developing countries, are not often regarded as a significant health problem even though serious diseases may be heralded by skin changes.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study design was adopted. Data was collected using questionnaires; it was entered in a password protected excels spreadsheets with accessibility limited to the research investigator; data analysis was done using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 23; and presented in bar graphs and tables.Results: It was revealed that 68.4% (N=273) had poor attitude towards skin diseases; 58.6% (N=234) of the respondents had poor practice towards prevention of skin diseases; and there was a significant association between community attitude towards skin diseases and practice towards skin diseases prevention.Conclusions: The community practice towards prevention of skin diseases is predicted by the community attitude towards skin diseases.

569 Transcriptome analysis reveals intrinsic pro-inflammatory signaling in healthy African American skin

Differences in morphology and physiology of darkly pigmented compared to lightly pigmented skin are well recognized. There are also disparities in prevalence and clinical features for many inflammatory skin diseases including atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis; however, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We compared the baseline gene expression in full thickness skin biopsies from healthy individuals with Fitzpatrick skin type V-VI or I-II, and self-reported as either African American (AA) or White Non-Hispanic (WNH). Extensively validated RNA-Seq analysis identified 670 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in AA skin including immunoglobulins (Igs) and their receptors such as FCER1G; pro-inflammatory genes such as TNFα, IL-32; EDC (epidermal differentiation cluster) and keratin genes. DEGs were functionally enriched for inflammatory responses, keratinization/cornified envelope formation. Analysis of putative transcription factors involved in AA DEG regulation revealed pro-inflammatory NF-kB, regulator of Igs OCT1, and KLF4 important for skin barrier development. RNA-Seq analysis of 3D human skin equivalents (3D HSE) made from AA and WNH epidermal keratinocytes revealed more than 300 DEGs enriched by similar functions as in skin. AA 3D HSE were more responsive to TNFα pro-inflammatory effects. Most genes induced by 24h TNFα treatment in AA 3D HSE were functionally enriched for inflammation, whereas a majority of DEGs were linked to GSEA categories related to ECM and collagen fibers organization/degradation and MMP activation in CA samples. Finally, AA-specific DEGs in skin and 3D HSE significantly overlapped with molecular signatures of pre-lesional and even lesional skin in AD and psoriasis patients. Overall, these findings suggest the existence of intrinsic pro-inflammatory circuits in AA keratinocytes/skin that may account for disease disparities and will help to build a foundation for the development of targeted skin disease prevention approaches.

Psora theory of Hahnemann is scientifically immunological sensitization or psycho - pathological somatization or both?: The scientific study with case analysis

Master Hahnemann’s Psora theory has been tested and has undergone the acceptance in obstinate cases where suppression of skin diseases found and has giving remarkable success. The criticism (antithesis) in case of failure in scabies and scabies with superadded fungal or bacterial infection amongst the practicing homoeopaths. Dr. Burnette, Dr. Dugeon did not accepted that scabies can be cured by internal medication of Sulphur alone experienced through their practice. Dr. Clarke opined that ‘all the diseases cannot be categorized into three broad categories only. We need further classification like Burnette’s vaccinosis’. Hebbert A. Roberts called nutritional deficiency and functional disorders as Psora. As Truth is the daughter of time, not of any authority (Lord Bacon), so also psora theory undergoes the scientific processing to verify its validity. In this article, by the help of pathology and psychopathology psora theory is analyzed and interpreted. The pathogenesis of allergic and autoimmune disease giving rise to psoric manifestation is illustrated in figure 1 & 2. The justification of using scabicidal natural or artificial lotion or soap application in scabies along with internal medication as stated by Dr. Dugeon and Dr. Burnette is proven with scientific reasoning. Lastly practical utility of Psora theory for prescription with case studies as per scientific approach is thoroughly elaborated. Prevention of skin diseases by hygiene maintenances and protections from psoric manifestation by simultaneous internal intake of antipsoric medicine as per totality and cleanliness of skin diseases and in case of scabies additional external scabicidal application and/or cleanliness with scabicidal soap are vividly illustrated.

Role of emollients in the prevention of skin diseases in young children

Epidermis plays an important role in protecting the body from negative environmental influences. The horny layer plays a special role in carrying out these functions. Skin defense mechanisms are multistage and include 5 protective barriers responsible for maintaining the integrity and performing the main functions of the skin. The first one is a microbial barrier – determined by commensal flora which prevents contamination of pathogenic microorganisms; the second one is a physical barrier preventing mechanical skin damage, penetration of allergens and microorganisms; the third one is a chemical barrier achieved by forming pH and components of natural moisturizing factor as well as epidermal lipids; the fourth one – immune barrier – Langerhans cells, tissue basophils, lymphocytes etc.;the fifth is the neurosensory barrier – numerous nerve endings transmitting signals of skin integrity damage and controlling metabolic processes and homeostasis maintenance. Epidermal barrier of newborns and infants is imperfect and differs in its structure and functional activity from that of adults. Children’s skin is prone to excessive dryness, irritation, allergic reactions and inflammation. For young children, it is very important to minimize the risk of these manifestations. Individual selection and use of emollients in the basic care of infants promotes the functional stability of five protective «frontiers» of the epidermal barrier: prevents skin damage when exposed to unfavorable environmental factors, reduces TEWL, supports the normal microbiome, has antipruritic and anti-inflammatory action. Modern emollients restore the hydrolipidic layer of the epidermis and prevent the development of dermatitis and skin infection in children. An important role when choosing an emollient is played by its texture, which can be represented by a lotion, cream, balm, ointment. Chemically, creams, lotions and balms are emulsions, i.e. they consist of two immiscible components – fat (oil) and water. In this case, one of the components is in the other in the form of tiny droplets. Most skin diseases faced by young children are related to the integrity of the epidermis, which is why daily care should be primarily focused on protecting the skin barrier

Aspek Farmakologi dan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat di Panti Asuhan Muhammadiyah

Scabies is often neglected because it is not life-threatening and therefore the priority for treatment is low, however, chronic and severe scabies can cause dangerous complications. The aim of this research is to increase the understanding and skills of orphanage students and guardians of the Muhammadiyah Boys orphanage Branch Head of Muhammadiyah Medan City regarding skin diseases related to environmental cleanliness and their initial handling, and to motivate orphanage students to always maintain the cleanliness of the orphanage environment. Training and counseling with the method of lectures, discussions, and demonstrations of early management of skin diseases related to environmental health. In addition, there is a role play clean action with all the orphanage students. Empowerment of orphanage students and guardians is needed in an effort to prevent skin diseases related to environmental hygiene. After this activity, the students realized the importance of keeping the environment clean and motivated to keep the environment clean, so that the orphanage environment became cleaner and more orderly. Students are also able to do initial management of skin diseases related to environmental hygiene and students who suffer from skin diseases have mostly been overcome. Clean and healthy lifestyle (PHBS) need to be applied so that students avoid skin diseases related to environmental cleanliness and its complications.

A Qualitative Study to Identify Characteristics of a Desirable Training Program for Prevention of Occupational Skin Disease.

Training and education may be effective strategies for the prevention of work-related contact dermatitis. While there is some information in the literature related to skin-specific training experiences, there is very little information available on workers' preferences related to content and format and to barriers and facilitators to training. To understand workers' experiences and preferences for workplace training and barriers and facilitators to training. Following ethics approval, 24 patients with work-related contact dermatitis participated in semi-structured interviews obtaining information on training experiences, perceived training effectiveness, desired training characteristics, and barriers and facilitators to training. An inductive thematic analysis was used to identify themes. Though many workers had received general workplace health and safety training, none reported training about skin exposure and disease prevention. Examples of what the workers perceived as good training included first aid training, while Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System training was felt to be ineffective. Desired content of training for preventing skin exposures included information on the hazards, short- and long-term health impacts, and potential symptoms and personal protective equipment. They desired multi-modal presentation (e.g. in-person and online supplement), hands-on training with visual content and suggested the use of personal stories and negative messaging. Training that could be applied outside the workplace was also valued. Barriers and facilitators to implementation included factors related to the training program itself, the organization, and the regulatory landscape. These findings can help to shape more effective workplace training programs for skin protection.

AJUBA: A regulator of epidermal homeostasis and cancer

The epidermis, outermost layer of the skin, is constantly renewing itself through proliferative and differentiation processes. These processes are vital to maintain proper epidermal integrity during skin development and homeostasis and for preventing skin diseases and cancers. The biological mechanisms that permit this balancing act are vast, where individual pathway regulators are known, but the exact regulatory control and cross-talk between simultaneously turning one biological pathway on and an opposing one off remain elusive. This review explores the diverse roles the scaffolding protein AJUBA plays during epidermal homeostasis and cancer. Initially identified for its role in promoting meiotic progression in oocytes through Grb2 and MAP kinase activity, AJUBA also maintains cytoskeletal tension permitting epidermal tissue development and responds to retinoic acid committing cells to initiate development of surface epidermal layer. AJUBA regulates proliferation of skin stem cells through Hippo and Wnt signalling and encourages mitotic commitment through Aurora-A, Aurora-B and CDK1. In addition, AJUBA also induces epidermal differentiation to maintain appropriate epidermal thickness and barrier function by activating Notch signalling and stabilizing catenins and actin during cellular remodelling. AJUBA also plays an imperative context-dependent tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive role within epithelial cancers. AJUBA's abundant roles within the epidermis signify its importance as a molecular switchboard, vetting multiple signalling pathways to control epidermal biology.

A New Insight into the Potential Role of Tryptophan-Derived AhR Ligands in Skin Physiological and Pathological Processes.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a crucial role in environmental responses and xenobiotic metabolism, as it controls the transcription profiles of several genes in a ligand-specific and cell-type-specific manner. Various barrier tissues, including skin, display the expression of AhR. Recent studies revealed multiple roles of AhR in skin physiology and disease, including melanogenesis, inflammation and cancer. Tryptophan metabolites are distinguished among the groups of natural and synthetic AhR ligands, and these include kynurenine, kynurenic acid and 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ). Tryptophan derivatives can affect and regulate a variety of signaling pathways. Thus, the interest in how these substances influence physiological and pathological processes in the skin is expanding rapidly. The widespread presence of these substances and potential continuous exposure of the skin to their biological effects indicate the important role of AhR and its ligands in the prevention, pathogenesis and progression of skin diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of AhR in skin physiology. Moreover, we discuss the role of AhR in skin pathological processes, including inflammatory skin diseases, pigmentation disorders and cancer. Finally, the impact of FICZ, kynurenic acid, and kynurenine on physiological and pathological processes in the skin is considered. However, the mechanisms of how AhR regulates skin function require further investigation.

The clinical utility of teledermoscopy in the era of telemedicine.

Teledermoscopy is a novel diagnostic tool for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of skin disease when direct visualization of lesions is difficult. It is an economically viable option that can complement telehealth visits and that providers can utilize to identify melanocytic lesions and optimize care with diagnostic accuracy comparable to face-to-face (FTF) diagnosis. Teledermoscopy is invaluable in monitoring chronic conditions that require frequent follow-up and treatment optimization. Inclusion of clinical and dermoscopic images has been shown to improve the diagnostic accuracy of teledermatology services, thereby reducing healthcare costs. Teledermoscopy is also non-discriminatory, as diagnostic accuracy is similar in lighter and darker skin types. It has been shown to improve patient access to specialty services and reduce the number of "no-shows" at FTF clinics and length of surgery waiting times. Mobile teledermoscopy is user-friendly, feasible, and economically viable, as inexpensive mobile dermatoscopes have emerged on the market to reduce consumer out-of-pocket costs. Research is limited on teledermoscopy's utility in diagnosing pre-cancerous and cancerous skin lesions in adults, particularly complex pigmented lesions. Further research is recommended to investigate the role of dermoscopic expertise and artificial intelligence on the evaluation of teledermoscopic images.

Proniosomal Gel for Topical Delivery of Rutin: Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Toxicological Profile Using 3D Reconstructed Human Epidermis Tissue and 2D Cells.

Rutin (Rut) is a natural flavonol, well-known for its broad-spectrum of therapeutic effects, including antioxidant and antitumoral activities; still, it has a reduced clinical outcome due to its limited solubility in aqueous solutions. To overcome this drawback, this study proposes a novel formulation for rutin as a proniosomal gel for cutaneous applications. The gel was prepared by coacervation phase-separation method and complies with the standard requirements in terms of particle size (140.5 ± 2.56 nm), zeta potential (−27.33 ± 0.09 mV), encapsulation capacity (> 50%), pH (7.002 ± 0.18) and rheological properties. The results showed high biocompatibility of the gel on the 3D reconstructed human epidermis model characterized by increased viability of the cells and a lack of irritant and phototoxic potential. The evaluations on 2D cells confirm the preferential cytotoxic effect of Rut on melanoma cells (IC50 value = 8.601 µM, nuclear fragmentation) compared to normal keratinocytes. Our data suggest that the proniosomal gel is a promising drug carrier for Rut in the management and prevention of skin disorders.

Recent achievements in the field of research of pathogens and methods of treatment and prevention of Mortellaro Disease

In the course of research on the search for substances active in the fight against Mortellaro’s disease, a drug for the treatment and prevention of skin and skin diseases was developed and tested on the basis of zinc and copper metals immersed in the niosomal structures with the addition of Dimethicone copolyol. These components were selected as proven antiseptic. The therapeutic effect was compared at different concentrations of metals in the drug. Practical experiments have shown a high therapeutic effectiveness of the received drug for the treatment of skin and skin diseases of animals, including Mortellaro disease.

Secondary and Tertiary Prevention: Medical Rehabilitation.

Allergies are a major public health burden, and targeted measures are required in terms of prevention and treatment. The most common allergic conditions encompass atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy (FA), allergic asthma (AA), and allergic rhino-conjunctivitis (AR). Primary prevention aims at preventing the onset of allergic disease, before the disease process begins. Secondary prevention aims at preventing progression and exacerbation of allergic disease whereas tertiary prevention aims at reducing disease burden in patients with established disease, by allergen immunotherapy (AIT) or medical rehabilitation. Rehabilitation programs are used for treatment of AA and AD and usually consist of extensive patient assessment, optimization of treatment management, patient education, and behavioral interventions, ideally involving a multidisciplinary treatment team and sometimes provided in a specific climate, usually alpine or maritime. Similarly, prevention of occupational skin diseases requires interdisciplinary approaches on the level of secondary and tertiary preventive intervention; if this is provided, then prevention programs have proven highly (cost-) effective. Unfortunately, the recently published Minimal Standards of Prevention of these dermatoses, underlining especially the importance of meticulous allergological diagnosis and subsequent multidisciplinary patient education, are so far being adhered to only in very few European countries.

Negative Air Ions Alleviate Particulate Matter-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Human Keratinocyte Cell Line HaCaT.

BackgroundRecent studies have revealed that particulate matter induces inflammation, oxidative stress, and several skin diseases. Experimental results have also shown that negative air ions are highly effective in removing particulate matter-induced inflammation.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate whether negative air ions can inhibit inflammatory responses and reduce oxidative stress in HaCaT cells exposed to particulate matters.MethodsHaCaT cells were treated with particulate matter in the presence or absence of negative air ions and the viability was evaluated by the MTT assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was quantified by the dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay. The expression of genes and proteins was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Levels of inflammatory cytokines were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsNegative air ions were observed to downregulate the mRNA and protein levels of particulate matter-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in HaCaT cells. In addition, negative air ion treatment suppressed particulate matter-induced intracellular ROS generation, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and activator protein 1 (c-Fos and c-Jun) activation.ConclusionOur findings indicate that negative air ions exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in HaCaT cells exposed to particulate matter. Therefore, negative air ions can be used for the prevention and treatment of particulate matter-related inflammatory skin diseases.

Burden of Skin Disease - China, 1990-2019.

What is already known about this topic? Skin diseases are common, affect society and individuals, and have high incidences to relapse, which reduces the quality of life. In 2019, skin diseases were the seventh leading global causes of years lived with disability (YLDs). What is added by this report? All-age disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and YLDs from skin diseases have been steadily increasing in China from 1990 through 2019, although with a decline in the standardized rate of years of life lost (YLLs). In 2019, dermatitis was the leading cause of YLLs among people over the age of 15 years, while viral skin diseases had the greatest burden among people under 15 years. Acne vulgaris increased significantly among people aged 15–49 years, and psoriasis increased among people over 50 years. The male∶female ratio of DALYs lost due to skin disease did not change between 1990 and 2019. What are the implications for public health practice? The lack of data on the total skin disease burden in China called for additional research. The Global Burden of Disease provided a reference for skin disease control and prevention in China.

Overview of TikTok's most viewed dermatologic content and assessment of its reliability

Overview of TikTok's most viewed dermatologic content and assessment of its reliability

A study of paediatric dermatoses in tertiary care center, Gandhinagar, Gujarat

Introduction: Pediatric dermatology is an important branch of dermatology that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of skin diseases occurring in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Aims:The present study was conducted to find out the pattern and prevalence of various dermatosis among the paediatric age group. Materials and Methods: This is prospective, cross sectional study. A total 2456 patients were recruited in 1-14 year of age, who presented with dermatosis in dermatology clinic of GMERS medical college, Gandhinagar. The study was conducted from March 2016 to February 2017(12 Months), and diagnosis was made based on clinical examination and necessary investigation if required. Results: Males were outnumbered female in present study with ratio of 1.45:1. The majority of patients were in the age group of >6-14 year (44.09%). Infections and infestations were most common constituting 65.19% followed by eczema and dermatitis group of disorder constituting 12.02% (n=324). Appendageal disorder constitutes 6.42% (n=173) followed by cutaneous vascular response (4.27%), nutritional dermatosis (2.67%), pigmentary disorder (2.15%), keratinization disorder (2.0%) and papulosquamous disorder (1.89%). Least common disorder include nevi, genodermatoses, collagen vascular disorder and vesiculobullous diorde. Conclusion: This study helps us to know the prevalence of skin diseases in pediatric age group and thus we can take adequate measures for their prevention and treatment in this region. Keywords: Paediatric, Dermtoses, Infections and Infestations.

Study on the skin status of mid-pregnancy women based on lipidomics.

Pregnancy is a complex physiological state and its unique changes in skin state have been discussed. Skin surface lipid (SSL) is an important molecular basis for this skin condition, and it affects skin condition in a number of ways, but there are no complete research data on it. To analyze the lipidome profiles of SSL in pregnancies and controls in order to understand SSL changes in pregnancy. It will provide theoretical data of SSL on skin care and prevention of skin diseases during pregnancy. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) and multivariate statistics were used to investigate the changes of SSL in pregnancy. Results showed that there were significant differences (P<.05) in the lipidome between pregnancies and controls. Multivariate data analysis indicated that there were 20 important individual lipid species identified, and triglycerides (TGs) were the majority of differentiating lipid species. The increase of estrogen level in pregnancies antagonizes and inhibits the regulation of androgen on sebaceous gland, resulting in the decrease of sebum secretion and the weakening of skin barrier function. Besides, the decrease of saturated fatty acid content may be the main factor of the decrease of skin barrier function during pregnancy. Additionally, skin cells perform their self-regulation function to reduce or counteract abnormal state of the skin during pregnancy through the synthesis and secretion of more glycerophospholipids and ceramides.

Ultraviolet A irradiation induces ultraweak photon emission with characteristic spectral patterns from biomolecules present in human skin

Oxidative stress is associated with photoaging of the skin as well as with skin cancer, and is therefore, critical to monitor. Ultraweak photon emission (UPE) is extremely weak light generated during the oxidative process in the living body and has been used as a non-invasive and label-free marker for the evaluation of oxidative stress. However, the mechanism of UPE generation is not clear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying UPE generation by analyzing the spectra of UPE generated from biomolecules in the skin during ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure. The spectra of UVA-induced UPE generated from linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elastin, phospholipids, and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid were measured, and the spectrum of human skin tissue was also obtained. The spectral patterns varied for the different biomolecules and the peaks were distinct from those of the skin tissue. These results suggested that the UPE generated from skin tissue is a collection of light emitted by biomolecules. Moreover, we proposed that UPE is generated through a photosensitization reaction and energy transfer. The identified characteristic spectral patterns of UPE can be useful to elucidate UVA-induced oxidative stress in the skin, with implications for prevention and treatment of photoaging and skin diseases.

Blue Light Protection, Part I-Effects of blue light on the skin.

Blue light is emitted visible light between the wavelengths of 400 to 500nm. The main source of blue light is sunlight, but digital screens, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and fluorescent lighting serve as additional sources. Concerns about the negative effects of blue light on the skin have rapidly increased over the past 15years, and consequently, the urge to learn more about this topic is increasing as well. Part I of this article provides up-to-date information on the definition of blue light and the negative and positive effects of blue light on the skin. An Internet search was completed using the Google scholar database for relevant literature. Blue light can be both harmful and beneficial to the skin, depending on intensity and wavelength. Short-term safety information is more readily available from clinical studies; however, the biological effects of repeated and/or longer-term exposure are not fully understood yet. Low-energy and low exposure times to high-energy blue light can help prevent skin diseases, while studies have revealed that longer exposure to high-energy blue light can increase the amount of DNA damage, cell and tissue death, and injury, eye damage, skin barrier damage, and photoaging.