Skin Cancer Cells Research Articles

Synergistic effect of plasma-activated medium and novel indirubin derivatives on human skin cancer cells by activation of the AhR pathway

Due to the increasing number of human skin cancers and the limited effectiveness of therapies, research into innovative therapeutic approaches is of enormous clinical interest. In recent years, the use of cold atmospheric pressure plasma has become increasingly important as anti-cancer therapy. The combination of plasma with small molecules offers the potential of an effective, tumour-specific, targeted therapy. The synthesised glycosylated and non glycosylated thia-analogous indirubin derivatives KD87 and KD88, respectively, were first to be investigated for their pharmaceutical efficacy in comparison with Indirubin-3'-monoxime (I3M) on human melanoma (A375) and squamous cell carcinoma (A431) cells. In combinatorial studies with plasma-activated medium (PAM) and KD87 we determined significantly decreased cell viability and cell adhesion. Cell cycle analyses revealed a marked G2/M arrest by PAM and a clear apoptotic effect by the glycosylated indirubin derivative KD87 in both cell lines and thus a synergistic anti-cancer effect. I3M had a pro-apoptotic effect only in A431 cells, so we hypothesize a different mode of action of the indirubin derivatives in the two skin cancer cells, possibly due to a different level of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and an activation of this pathway by nuclear translocation of this receptor and subsequent activation of gene expression.

An Ultra-Thin Multiband Refractive Index-Based Carcinoma Sensor Using THz Radiation

A novel multiband terahertz (THz) refractive index-based carcinoma sensor is designed and investigated in this paper. The proposed THz sensor is constructed using meandered sectoral stubs enclosed in a square loop. The proposed sensor has a footprint of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.019 \lambda _{eff} 1.019 \lambda _{eff}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and operates at three distinct frequencies, viz. 1.095 THz, 2.865 THz, and 4.065 THz. The absorption characteristics of the sensor are analyzed to estimate the performance of the proposed sensor. The free space absorptivity is estimated as 99.6&#x0025;, 99.1&#x0025; and 99.2&#x0025; at the said three resonant frequencies. The peak Q factor of 22.58 is realized at 4.065 THz under free space unloaded condition. Further, a study on different design parameters on absorption peaks and polarization independency is conducted and the results are presented. Followed by these, the sensitivity performance of the proposed carcinoma THz sensor is analyzed for healthy and cancerous cells of blood, skin and breast based on their unique refractive index profile. The peak sensitivity of 514.28 GHz/RIU at 2.865 THz, 476.35 GHz/RIU at 4.065 THz, and 476.91 GHz/RIU at 4.065 THz is theoretically observed for blood, skin and breast cancer cells respectively. Similarly, the high Q factor of 21.85, 18.06, 19.21 at 4.065 THz with FoM of 2.8, 2.38 and 2.384 are also observed for blood, skin and breast cancer respectively. Furthermore, the influence of the sample thickness on the THz sensor performance is analyzed. Thus, the proposed THz sensor is a promising entity for the detection and early diagnosis of cancer cells using THz radiation.

Efficacy of Herbal Medicine as Adjunctive Therapy for Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a condition in which the skin's cells grow abnormally. Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. It is more frequently found in locations exposed to sunlight, although it can also occur in areas that are not normally exposed to sunlight. Numerous studies have investigated the efficacy of herbal medicine as adjuvant therapy for skin cancer. Herbal medicine utilises plants, or combinations of plant extracts, to treat illness and promote health. Herbal medicine has grown in popularity over the last few decades due to its critical role in cancer prevention and therapy. As a result, herbal treatments are increasingly being studied and utilised extensively to treat skin cancers worldwide. This article aims to discuss the anticancer capabilities of herbal medicine as an adjuvant therapy for skin cancer and the potential for their bioactive components to increase immunity and kill cancer cells. In addition, this study will present an overview of anti-cancer compounds produced from plants that have been proven to have potential anti-carcinogenic characteristics in various skin cancer cell lines and animal models. This review aims to increase awareness of herbal medicine as an adjuvant therapy for cancer and to provide further data for developing more effective anti-cancer medicines. Research utilising herbal medicine in various forms and at various levels in the future with more carefully designed studies will need to be conducted, including rigorous quality control and standardised models at the cellular, organic, animal, and clinical levels to combat skin cancer.

Pistacia atlantica fruit essential oil nanoemulsions (PAEO-NE), an effective antiangiogenic therapeutic and cell-dependent apoptosis inducer on A549 human lung cancer cells

The purpose of this study was synthesizing of nanoemulsion from Pistacia atlantica essential oil (PAEO-NE) and investigates its possible mechanisms in inhibiting cancer cells. Ultrasonic method was used to prepare the optimal formulation and then after characterization, its anti-cancer effects were evaluated by MTT, flow cytometry, QPCR, ROS, CAM, and scratch methods. Particles measuring 35.8 nm, PDI 0.4 were obtained with a surface charge of −32 mV in a formulation containing 9% twin 80. These particles had cytotoxic effects against skin, lung and prostate cancer cells with IC50 of less than 10 μg/mL without any toxic effect on normal cells. Increased intracellular ROS, increased expression of cas-3, 8, and IL-10 genes, inhibition of vessel length and number in CAM model and inhibition of cell migration in PAEO-NE treatment were observed. According to the results, PAEO-NE can be considered as as a safe and effective anti-lung cancer therapeutic agent.

The In Vitro Anti-Cancer Activities and Mechanisms of Action of 9-Methoxycanthin-6-one from Eurycoma longifolia in Selected Cancer Cell Lines.

An alkaloid compound from the hairy root culture of Eurycoma longifolia has been isolated and characterised as 9-methoxycanthin-6-one. The aims of these studies were to investigate the in vitro anti-cancer activities of 9-methoxycanthin-6-one against ovarian cancer (A2780, SKOV-3), breast cancer (MCF-7), colorectal cancer (HT29), skin cancer (A375) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cell lines by using a Sulphorhodamine B assay, and to evaluate the mechanisms of action of 9-methoxycanthin-6-one via the Hoechst 33342 assay and proteomics approach. The results had shown that 9-methoxycanthin-6-one gave IC50 values of 4.04 ± 0.36 µM, 5.80 ± 0.40 µM, 15.09 ± 0.99 µM, 3.79 ± 0.069 µM, 5.71 ± 0.20 µM and 4.30 ± 0.27 µM when tested in A2780, SKOV-3, MCF-7, HT-29, A375 and HeLa cell lines, respectively. It was found that 9-methoxycanthin-6-one induced apoptosis in a concentration dependent manner when analysed via the Hoechst 33342 assay. 9-methoxycanthine-6-one were found to affect the expressions of apoptotic-related proteins, that were proteins pyruvate kinase (PKM), annexin A2 (ANXA2), galectin 3 (LGAL3), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNP1A1), peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from the differential analysis of 2-DE profiles between treated and non-treated 9-methoxycanthine-6-one. Proteins such as acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1A1), capping protein (CAPG), eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 (EEF1A1), malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), and triosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI1) were also identified to be associated with A2780 cell death induced by 9-methoxycanthine-6-one. These findings may provide a new insight on the mechanisms of action of 9-methoxycanthin-6-one in exerting its anti-cancer effects in vitro.

Effect of 1,4-Napthoquinone Derivatives on Anti-proliferation and Apoptosis Induction in Skin and Lung Cancer Cells

Background: Cancer is a major public health concern around the world. Nowadays, standard therapy in combination with targeted therapy are being used for cancer treatment, but these therapeutics show side effects or unwanted symptoms and high cost. 1,4-Napthoquinone and their derivatives were used in cancer research for a long time with high efficiency than some cancer drug. In the present study, the effect of a novel 1,4-napthoquinone, DL667 and DL666 on apoptosis induction in malignant melanoma, A375 cells and lung cancer, A549 cells, respectively were studied. Objective: To investigate the effects of 1,4-napthoquinone derivatives, DL667 and DL66, on apoptosis induction in malignant melanoma, A375 and lung cancer, A549 cells, respectively. Materials and Methods: Cell growth inhibition was determined by MTT assay. Apoptosis induction was via chromatin condensation or apoptotic bodies determined by Hoechst staining. In addition, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (&Delta;&Psi;m) were done by JC-1 staining. Results: The results showed that DL667 inhibited cell growth in A375 with an IC50 at 11.2+0.419 &mu;M in a concentration-dependent manner and DL666 inhibited cell growth of A549 cells at 200 &mu;M. Hoechst staining assay revealed that both DL667 and DL666 could induce chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies in A375 and A549 cells. In addition, the JC-1 staining showed that DL667 and DL666 decreased the &Delta;&Psi;m, a marker event of early apoptosis via mitochondria, in A375 and A549 treated cells. Conclusion: DL667 and DL666 showed anti-proliferation and apoptosis induction in A375 and A549 cells, respectively. Moreover, DL667 and DL666 induced chromatin condensation, apoptotic bodies and decreased the &Delta;&Psi;m, resulting in apoptosis cell death induction. Our results suggested that the decrease of &Delta;&Psi;m may be further developed as a model for study in other cancer cell lines. However, the underlying mechanisms of apoptosis induction associated with signaling should be further studied. Keywords: 1,4-Napthoquinone; Apoptosis; Chromatin condensation; Apoptotic bodies; Mitochondrial membrane potential

Alginate-enabled green synthesis of S/Ag1.93S nanoparticles, their photothermal property and in-vitro assessment of their anti-skin-cancer effects augmented by a NIR laser

We report herein the design and synthesis of colloidally-stable S/Ag1.93S nanoparticles, their photothermal conversion properties and in vitro cytotoxicity toward A431 skin cancer cells under the excitation of a minimally-invasive 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser. Micron-sized S particles were first synthesized via acidifying Na2S2O3 using biocompatible sodium alginate as a surfactant. In the presence of AgNO3 and under rapid microwave-induced heating, alginate reduced AgNO3 to nascent Ag which reacted with molten S in situ forming S/Ag1.93S nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized using a combination of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopies, elemental analysis, zeta-potential analysis and UV–VIS-NIR spectroscopy. The average particles size was controlled between 40 and 60 nm by fixing the mole ratio of Ag+:S2O32−. When excited by a 980 nm laser, S/Ag1.93S nanoparticles (~40 nm) produced with the least amount of AgNO3 exhibited a respectable photothermal conversion efficiency of circa 62% with the test aqueous solution heated to a hyperthermia-inducing 52 °C in 15 min. At 0.7 W/cm2, the viability of A431 skin cancer cells incubated with 7.0 ± 0.2 μg/mL of S/Ag1.93S nanoparticles reduced to 14 ± 0.6%, while an A431 cell control maintained an 80% cell viability. These results suggested that S/Ag1.93S nanoparticles may have good potential in reducing metastatic skin carcinoma.

Invitro Cytotoxicity of Various Parts of Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn.R.Br.) Against 3 Cancer Cell Lines

Cancer is a leading cause of death and an important source to the mortality and morbidity worldwide. The management in contemporary medicine is having toxicity to normal cells so the world is looking forward for drugs which are cytotoxic to cancer cells and non toxic to host cells and Medicinal plants are the doing well in this aspect. Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma indicum Linn.R.Br.)Belonging to Boraginaceae family is traditionally used as anticancer to treat breast cancer. Its cytotoxicity against breast cancer and cervical cancer is proved in previous researches. Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate its cytotoxicity against 3 Human cancer cell lines Viz. colon cancer cell line (HCT116), oral cancer cell line (KB) and skin cancer cell line (A375). Method: Alcohol, Methanol and Aqueous extracts of Root, Leaf, Stem and Fruit of Adhahapushpi were used to screen in-vitro cytotoxicity. Cytotoxic effect was analysed by MTT assay.&#x0D; Results: The ethanol Root extract was found to be more cytotoxic in vitro to colon cancer cell line (HCT116) with IC50values 176.5±13.36 µg/ml, ethanol extract of fruit to oral cancer cell line (KB-3-1) with IC50values 154 ± 3.89 µg/ml and root ethanol extract to skin cancer cell line (A375) with IC50values 169± 12.09 µg/ml respectively.

Regular Intake of Green Tea Polyphenols Suppresses the Development of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer through miR-29-Mediated Epigenetic Modifications.

Previously, we and others have shown that the regular intake of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) reduces ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced skin cancer by targeting multiple signaling pathways, including DNA damage, DNA repair, immunosuppression, and inflammation. Here, we determine the effect of GTPs on UVB-induced epigenetic changes, emphasizing DNA hypermethylation in UV-exposed skin and tumors and their association with miR-29, a key regulator of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Skin cancer was induced in SKH-1 hairless mice following repeated exposures of UVB radiation (180 mJ/cm2, three times/week, 24 weeks) with or without GTPs supplementation (0.2%) in drinking water. Regular intake of GTPs inhibited tumor growth by hindering the cascade of DNA hypermethylation events. GTPs supplementation significantly blocked UVB-induced DNA hypermethylation in the skin (up to 35%; p < 0.0001) and in tumors (up to 50%; p < 0.0001). Experimental results showed that the levels of DNA hypermethylation were higher in GTPs-treated mice than in the control group. The expressions of miR-29a, miR-29b, and miR-29c were markedly decreased in UV-induced skin tumors, and GTPs administration blocked UVB-induced miR-29s depletion. Furthermore, these observations were verified using the in vitro approach in human skin cancer cells (A431) followed by treatment with GTPs or mimics of miR-29c. Increased levels of miR-29 were observed in GTPs-treated A431 cells, resulting in increased TET activity and decreased DNA hypermethylation. In conclusion, UVB-mediated miR-29 depletion promotes DNA hypermethylation and leads to enhanced tumor growth by silencing tumor suppressors. Regular intake of GTPs rescued UVB-induced miR-29 depletion and prevented tumor growth by maintaining reduced DNA hypermethylation and activating tumor suppressors. Our observations suggest that miR-based strategies and regular consumption of GTPs could minimize the risk of UVB-induced skin cancers and contribute to better management of NMSCs.

Phytochemical Profiling and Anticancer Activity of Seaweed Enteromorpha intestinalis Extracts Against A375 Cell Line

Nowadays several marine sources like seaweeds are used for anticancer activity against certain types of cancers. Brown algae – Fucus spp. and Red algae – Laminaria sp. are used to treat breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Green algae- Ulva fasciata and Brown algae- Undaria pinnatifida are used in treating other cancers. It has been known that consumption of various types of seaweed is responsible for the low incidence of cancer in Asian countries whose inhibitants traditionally consume a high level of seaweeds. Seaweed chemical profiles have demonstrated that they are rich in terpenoids, alkanoids, polyphenols, steroids, pigments and polysaccharides. These metabolites have pharmacological activities including cancer therapy. In this study, the GutweedEnteromorpha intestinalis was used against A375 cell lines (Skin cancer). The qualitative analysis showed the presence of anticancer properties in this seaweed. GCMS analysis were done for the compound analysis of the seaweed and the highest compound showed the anticancer activity. MTT Assay showed some good control over the skin cancer cells which can be used in future.

Green synthesis of nano binary oxide SiO2/V2O5 NPs integrated ointment cream application on wound dressings and skin cancer cells

اشتملت الدراسة الحالية على تحضير المزدوج النانو SiO2/V2O5 باستخدام مواد طبيعية خام كمادة أولية حيث استخدمت رماد قشور الارز بعد حرقها بدرجة °C700 سيليزية للتخلص من المواد العضوية واللاعضوية في القشور حيث كانت هي المادة الخام لاستخلاص السليكا جل والتي تم مزجها مع أوكسيد الفناديوم الخماسي وتم تشخيص المزدوج النانو SiO2/V2O5 المحضر باستخدام عدة تقنيات مثل الأشعة السينية ,المجهر الالكتروني الماسح عالي الدقة حيث تم حساب معدل الحجم الحبيبي باستخدام صورة المجهر الالكتروني الماسح للسطح المادة المحضرة عند المقياس 200 نانومتر , مطيافية تشتت الطاقة بالأشعة السينية التي استخدمت لكشف تركيز العناصر الموجودة في النموذج المحضر SiO2/V2O5 من مادة قشور الارز الخام وتقديرها كميا ونوعيا وكذلك تم قياس المساحة السطحية للسليكا المستخلص والمزدوج المحضر SiO2/V2O5 والمقارنة بينهما كما موضح في النتائج كما تضمنت الدراسة البحثية الفعالية البيولوجية للمزدوج SiO2/V2O5 وتأثيرها على تثبيط النمو البكتيري بعد أن تم تطبيق المادة النانوية المحضرة على ضمادات الجروح حيث أعطت نتيجة واعدة لاستخدامها كضمادات موضعية تعمل على إزالة الميكروبات وخاصة لمرضى الحروق والجروح وذلك بسبب فعاليتها العالية لقتل البكتيريا الموجبة S.aurea عند تركيزµg/mL 625 التي تتميز بمقاومتها للعديد من المضادات الحيوية . تعتبر مقاومة المضادات الحيوية من المشكلات التي يسعى العديد من الباحثين لحل هذه المشكلة من خلال توفير مضادات حيوية أكثر فعالية وأمانًا. اختيار مادة السيليكا المستخلصة من مادة طبيعية لتقليل السمية الناتجة عن استخدام الكيماويات ، حيث تعتبرالسيليكا مادة غير سامة. لذلك ، أثناء التحضير ، تم الحرص على استخدام المواد الكيميائية بتراكيز منخفضة لتقليل السمية. تم دراسة التأثيرات السامة للخلايا في المختبر SiO2 / V2O5)) NPs على خط الخلايا الطبيعية Vero 101 وخط خلايا الجلد A431 وتم فحصهما بتراكيز مختلفة. تم استخدام MTT (3- (4،5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2،5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) لتحديد التأثيرات السامة للخلايا للمساحيق النانوية الخضراء المُصنّعة.

Association of Non-Melanoma Skin Carcinomas and UV Exposure with Exfoliation Syndrome in Utah

Background: Prior data suggest an association between non-melanoma skin cancer, i.e., basal and squamous cell cancers most often located in areas of sun exposure, and pseudoexfoliation syndrome. This study aimed to evaluate the association between these conditions and UV exposure through a detailed questionnaire in a large and robust Utah population. Methods: The two arms of this study are a population-based study (evaluated via chart review) and a UV exposure study (evaluated via a questionnaire). Participants answered a questionnaire designed to assess lifelong UV exposure, including leisure and occupational sun exposure, likelihood to tan or burn in early life, eye and hair color, smoking behavior, vitamin D deficiency, skin cancer history, alcohol consumption, and caffeine intake. Conclusion: Descriptive findings suggest UV exposure over an adult’s lifespan may associate with a higher risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in Utah exfoliation patients vs. unaffected individuals. Patients with exfoliation glaucoma reside at higher elevations than non-glaucoma patients.

Synthesis, physicochemical characterization and antiproliferative activity of phosphino Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes.

Herein, we present the synthesis of new complexes based on ruthenium(II) (Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2PPh2CH2OH (RuPOH) and Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2P(p-OCH3Ph)2CH2OH (RuMPOH)) and iridium(III) (Ir(η5-Cp*)Cl2P(p-OCH3Ph)2CH2OH (IrMPOH) and Ir(η5-Cp*)Cl2PPh2CH2OH (IrPOH)) containing phosphine ligands with/without methoxy motifs on phenyl rings (P(p-OCH3Ph)2CH2OH (MPOH) and PPh2CH2OH (POH)). The complexes were characterized by mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy (1D: 1H, 13C{1H}, and 31P{1H} and 2D: HMQC, HMBC, and COSY NMR) and elemental analysis. All the complexes were structurally identified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes have a typical piano-stool geometry with an η6-coordinated arene (RuII complexes) or η5-coordinated (IrIII compounds) and three additional sites of ligation occupied by two chloride ligands and the phosphine ligand. Oxidation of NADH to NAD+ with high efficiency was catalyzed by complexes containing P(p-OCH3Ph)2CH2OH (IrMPOH and RuMPOH). The catalytic property might have important future applications in biological and medical fields like production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the redox activity of the complexes was confirmed by cyclic voltamperometry. Biochemical assays demonstrated the ability of Ir(III) and Ru(II) complexes to induce significant cytotoxicity in various cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we found that RuPOH and RuMPOH selectively inhibit the proliferation of skin cancer cells (WM266-4; IC50, after 24 h: av. 48.3 μM; after 72 h: av. 10.2 μM) while Ir(III) complexes were found to be moderate against prostate cancer cells (DU145).

Evaluation of the antiproliferative effect of selected plant extracts on colon and skin cancer cell lines

Essential Oil Secondary Metabolites Variation of Salvia palaestina Leaves Growing wild from Different Locations in PalestineHatem Hejaz, Reem Sabbobeh, Hashem Al-Jaas, Ali Jahajha, Saleh Abu-Lafi

Comparative Study of Marketed and Novel Colloidal Formulation for Topical Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil to Skin Cancer Cells: Ex-Vivo Release Study and Cytotoxicity Analysis

Comparative Study of Marketed and Novel Colloidal Formulation for Topical Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil to Skin Cancer Cells: Ex-Vivo Release Study and Cytotoxicity Analysis

Biologically active Naneoicglycolate of Aristolochia littoralis Parodi seed extract with anti-bacterial activity induces cytotoxicity and apoptosis in A431 human skin cancer cell line

Aristolochia littoralis Parodi is an important traditional medicinal plant known for centuries. In this study, antibacterial and anti-cancerous properties of seeds of this plant were investigated. Experimentally chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous extracts were screened for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The extracts were further analyzed for anticancer activity against human skin carcinoma A431 cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The fraction comprising the biomolecule responsible for anticancerous activity was purified by TLC and HPLC. It was subjected to 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Mass spectrophotometer for structural elucidation. The purified active principle was quantitatively evaluated for inducing apoptosis in A431 skin cancer cell line by flow cytometry analysis. Phytochemical analysis of solvent extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, carbohydrates, tannins, and resins. Antibacterial activity was observed in the aqueous and ethanol extracts against the test pathogenic bacteria. Among the solvent extracts, chloroform extract revealed a highly significant anticancer/cytotoxic activity on A431 cell lines. The data revealed that the bioactive principle present in the A. littoralis Parodi seed is naneoicglycolate with molecular formula C20H34O4 and was found to be highly cytotoxic at IC50 81.02 µg\mL against A431 cell line. The present study is successful in identifying a novel bioactive principle from an underutilized plant/weed with significant anticancer activity.

Identification of Potential Inhibitors of Cutaneous Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Cells Through In-Vitro and In-Silico Screening of a Small Library of Phenolic Compounds

Identification of Potential Inhibitors of Cutaneous Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Cells Through In-Vitro and In-Silico Screening of a Small Library of Phenolic Compounds

Pro-Apoptotic Effect of Lippia nodiflora Leaf Extract against the Skin Cancer Cell Line

Background: Skin cancers are cancers that develop on the surface of the skin. They occur as a result of the formation of irregular cells with the potential to infiltrate or migrate to other areas of the body. Natural medicinal resources, such as the traditional herbal remedy Lippia nodiflora, have long been used to treat dermatological disorders including skin inflammation and melanogenesis. Apoptosis serves as a promising pathway in controlling cancer. However there are minimal amounts of studies exploring its proapoptotic activity of Lippia nodiflora in skin cancer cells.&#x0D; Aim: The aim of this present study was to evaluate the pro-apoptotic effect of Lippia nodiflora leaf extract against the skin cancer cell line.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays were used to determine the cytotoxic effect of Lippia nodiflora leaf extract against skin cancer cells (B16-F10). The skin cancer cells were treated with different concentration Lippia nodiflora leaf extract for 24h. We calculated the optimum (IC-50; 20µg/ml) using the MTT assay, which was then used for further analysis. A phase-contrast microscope is used to analyse changes in cell morphology. AO/EtBr dual staining under a fluorescence microscope was used to determine the effect of Lippia nodiflora on B16-F10 cell death.&#x0D; Results: In our research, the cell viability of the B16-F10 skin cancer cell line was dramatically decreased after treatment with different concentrations (5-60 µg/ml) of Lippia nodiflora for 24 hours. 50% inhibition was detected at a concentration of 20 µg/ml, which was determined to be an inhibitory concentration (IC-50) value and used in subsequent studies. The viable cell will possess a uniform bright green nucleus. Early apoptotic cells will have bright orange areas of condensed or fragmented chromatin in the nucleus. Late apoptotic cells will have uniform bright red nucleus.&#x0D; Conclusion: The findings of this analysis revealed that Lippia nodiflora leaf extract inhibits the cell viability and indces apoptosis of skin cancer cells. Thus, Lippia nodiflora exhibits anti-cancer effects against skin cancer cells, therefore it raises new hope for anti-cancer therapy.

Investigation of Proapoptotic Effect of Digera muricata Leaf Extract against the Skin Cancer Cell Line (B16-F10)

Introduction: Skin cancers, such as melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, frequently begin as changes in the skin. Cancer research continues to focus on finding tumor-selective and new anticancer drugs with fewer adverse effects. Digera muricata is a medicinal herb in the Amaranthaceae family that has antibacterial, antifungal, free radical scavenging function, anti tumor, and other valuable medicinal properties.&#x0D; Aim: To investigate the pro-apoptotic effect of Digera muricata leaf extract against the skin cancer cell line.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: MTT assay was used to determine the viability of B16-F10 cells treated with different concentrations (20-200μg) of Digera muricata leaf extract. Phase contrast microscopy was used to examine the morphological changes. In addition, the mode of cell death was assessed using AO/EtBr dual staining and observed under a fluorescence microscope. Statistical analysis was performed, keeping the level of significance at p&lt;0.05.&#x0D; Results: The MTT assay revealed that the ethanolic extract of Digera muricata leaf had significant cytotoxic and apoptotic potency against the B16-F10 skin cancer cell line, which was validated by significant morphological alterations under phase contrast microscope after 24 hours of treatment. AO/EtBr dual staining results clearly showed the Digera muricata leaf extract treatment induced the early apoptotic cells with bright orange areas of condensed or fragmented chromatin in the nucleus. Late apoptotic cells showing uniform bright red nucleus.&#x0D; Conclusion: Within the limits of the analysis, it can be inferred that the leaf extract of Digera muricata was cytotoxic and triggered cancer cell apoptosis at a concentration of 50 μg/ml within 24 hours. More research is needed to understand the cytotoxicity mechanisms of this plant extract.

Evaluation of Proapoptotic Potential of Saraca asoca Flower Extract on Skin Cancer Cell Line

Background: Cancer persists as a major health issue globally due to its high rate of morbidity and mortality. Skin cancer is the most common cancer and accounts for at least 40% of cancer cases worldwide. Search for tumour-selective and novel anticancer compounds with lesser side effects remains a major focus of cancer research. Saraca asoca is a traditional Indian medicinal plant, known to have anti-cancer, anti-menorrhagic, anti-oxidant, anti-oxytocic and anti-microbial activities. Though phytoconstituents of the Saraca asoca leaves, bark, and flowers have been reported in few studies, the cytotoxic potential of Saraca asoca flowers has not been evaluated.&#x0D; Aim: To evaluate the proapoptotic potential of Saraca asoca flower extract on skin cancer cell line.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: In this present study, the cytotoxic potential of Saraca asoca flower extract (10 to 60μg/ml) was evaluated by MTT assays in B16-F10 skin cancer cells. According to the MTT assay, we determined the optimal doses (IC-50: 30µg/ml) which were used for further analyses. Analysis of changes in cell morphology is examined by a phase-contrast microscope. The impacts of Saraca asoca in B16-F10 cell death were also determined by AO/EtBr dual staining under a fluorescence microscope.&#x0D; Results: In our study, the cell viability assay results showed that 50% of growth inhibition was observed at 30 μg/ml concentration of Saraca asoca flower extract treated B16-F10 cells, which has been taken as an inhibitory concentration (IC-50) dose value and fixed for further experiments. The morphological changes in B16-F10 skin cancer cell line with the treatment of Saraca asoca at 30 μg/mL for 24hrs has significantly altered the morphology of B16-F10 cell lines. AO/EtBr dual staining results showed the early apoptotic cells having bright orange areas of condensed or fragmented chromatin in the nucleus after Saraca asoca flower extract treated skin cancer cells.&#x0D; Conclusion: The results of this present study showed that the flower extracts of Saraca asoca were cytotoxic and induced apoptosis to the cancer cells at a concentration of 30µg/ml at the 24th-time point.