Skin Ailments Research Articles

Natural humectants in formulation of calamine lotion: Its evaluation and comparison

Herbal cosmetics are formulated, using different cosmetic ingredients to form the base in which one or more herbal ingredients are used to cure various skin ailments. The name itself suggests that herbal cosmetics are natural and free from all the harmful synthetic chemicals which otherwise may prove to be toxic to the skin. Compared to other beauty products, natural cosmetics are safe to use. Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic-pharmaceutical hybrid products intended to improve the health and beauty of the skin by providing a specific result, ranging from acne-control and anti-wrinkle effects, to sun protection. Calamine lotion is widely used as an antiseptic and protective for its cooling and soothing effect in various skin disorders. Instead of traditional synthetic products different plant parts and plant extracts are used in this study to procure calamine lotion having natural humectants, e.g. aloe-vera gel and honey. Herbal cosmetics are the preparations used to enhance the human appearance. The purpose of this study is to compare the semi synthetic activity of glycerin with other humectants in terms of their emollient properties to ensure whether calamine lotion can be formulated using natural humectants or not.

Enhanced Synthesis of Curculigoside by Stress and Amino Acids in Static Culture of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn (Kali Musli).

Background:Curculigo orchioides Gaertn (Kali musli; Family: Hypoxidaceae) is an endangered medicinal plant used for many medicinal purposes such as impotency, aphrodisiac, tonic, jaundice, and skin ailments. Its hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-cancerous potential have also been evaluated by many scientists.Objective:The objective of this study is to enhance the curculigoside content in tissue culture of C. orchioides.Materials and Methods:The present study deals with the enhancement of an active compound of C. orchioides by incorporating various concentration of phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine, (20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/100 ml), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ppm) into Zenk media in controlled and aseptic conditions.Results:Plant secondary metabolites are unique sources for pharmaceuticals, food additives, flavors, and industrially important biochemicals. Accumulation of such metabolites often occurs in plants subjected to stresses including various elicitors or signal molecules. A significantly remarkable enhancement in all induced samples was noted. Curculigoside content was maximum in the 6-week-old tissue induced with 3 ppm of Cr (7.63%) followed by 4 weeks tissue of tissue fed with 4 ppm of Ni (5.66%) and 4-week-old tissue fed with tyrosine 7.5 mg/100 ml (2.38%) among all samples used. These results suggest that tyrosine is better enhancer than Phe in the biosynthetic pathway of curculigoside. The presence of curculigoside in all extracts was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-performance thin layer chromatography analysis with standard compound of curculigoside and histology of treated samples.Conclusion:This investigation was carried out for the 1st time, and it is a significant step in understanding the biochemistry of curculigoside. The developed protocol will be beneficial for marketing in pharmaceutical industries.SUMMARY Curculigo orchioides Gaertn (Kali musli; Family: Hypoxidaceae) is an endangered medicinal plant used for many medicinal purposes such as impotency, aphrodisiac, tonic, jaundice, and skin ailments.It was observed that dry matter % was maximum in 6-week-old tissue fed with 2.5 mg/100 ml of tyrosine and diminished beyond this concentration among all samples usedThe nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) stress has enhanced the curculigoside in considerable amount in nontoxic range, in tissue culture of C. orchioides.Curculigoside content was maximum in 6-week-old tissue induced with 3 ppm of Cr (7.63%; 11-fold enhancement) followed by 4 weeks tissue of tissue fed with 4 ppm of Ni (5.66%) and 4-week-old tissue fed with tyrosine 7.5 mg/100 ml (2.38%) among all samples used. Histological studies confirmed the enhanced production of curculigoside. Abbreviations Used: Phe: Phenylalanine, PAL: Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, mM: mille Molar, Cr: Chromium, Ni: Nickel, HPTLC: High-performance thin layer chromatography

Skin Disorders Among Geriatric Population at a Tertiary Care Center in Uttarakhand.

Ageing results in decline of normal functioning in all organ systems including skin. This predisposes the elderly persons to develop various skin ailments. A thorough knowledge of different diseases prevalent in this population in different geographic regions help the health care providers in better health care policy making. This study was planned to know the common dermatological diseases prevalent in Uttarakhand region of India. Hospital out patients records maintained in Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy were analysed and information regarding age, sex and diagnosis of patients were recorded. Descriptive statistics for prevalence of skin diseases in patients presenting to hospital were calculated. Out of the total 29,422 patients seen in dermatology department from August 2012 to 2014, 4.7% (1,380) were aged 60 years and above. Male to female ratio was 2:1. Erythemato-squamous disorders taken collectively constituted the major skin disorder seen in 38.9% patients. This was followed by infections and infestations (29.9%), senile pruritus (9.0%) and age related skin changes (3.7%). Benign neoplasms were seen in 1.1% patients followed by cutaneous malignancies in 0.8% and precancerous lesions in 0.4%. Fungal infections were the most common infections seen in 18% patients. This study strengthens the opinion that infections, senile pruritus and eczema-dermatitis are the major dermatological disorders in elderly population.

Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.): usos potenciales en la agricultura, industria y medicina

The aim of this review was to analyze the scientific information on Lam. in terms of its distribution, chemical composition and characterization, which allows backing up its medicinal, agricultural, livestock and industrial uses. The moringa is a tree native to India and introduced into the Americas. Its growth habitat is tropical (< 2000 masl). Proteins, fiber, carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, minerals and secondary metabolites (carotenoids and tocopherols) have been quantified in the plant, which partly explains its uses as food, a disease treatment (respiratory, gastrointestinal, inflammatory, cardiac, nutritional and skin ailments), a soil improver, raw material for the food and cosmetics industries and for the treatment of contaminated water. The results allowed identifying the attributes and applications of moringa, as well as the need for specific studies to enhance its production and application technology for the benefit of the consumer.

Selected psychological aspects of psoriasis: case study analysis

Aim: The aim of the study is to define selected psychological aspects of psoriasis. For analysis there are taken such factors as: stress, social stigma, cognitive processes, social support, mood, acceptance of disease and subjective assessment of life quality. Method: Two persons took part in the study. Following questionnaire methods were used: Polish version of 6-gradual scale of social sigma, E. Hrehorów, J. Szepietowski, A. Reich; Polish version of the questionnaire to assess quality of life dependent skin ailments, J. Szpietowski; General Health Questionnaire GHQ-28, D. Goldberg. The method of qualitative analysis was also used, i.e. psychobiographical method. Results: The emergence of the disease is closely associated with the experience of stress. The large surface of affected areas influences on the level of stigma, what causes worse assessment of life quality. The duration of symptoms affects the acceptance of the disease. Family support helps the tested person to think positively. When it comes to women, psoriasis does not affect noticeably on the quality of cognitive processes. In turn, taking men into account, this disease causes concentration difficulties. This person feels low social support, that the level of his mood and the assessment of life quality are strongly reduced. Conclusion: Due to the participation of psychological factors in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis, an important part of psoriasis should become a psycho-education, and an individual psychotherapy and system psychotherapy for patient’s all family should play an important role in the treatment of the patient.

Serum Iron, Ferritin and Calcium Levels in Premature Canities

Background: Premature canities is defined as a minimum of five gray hairs present in a person less than 20 years of age. Etiologically, it is genetically mediated or may be associated with autoimmune syndromes. Few studies have found an association of decreased levels of trace elements with early canities, however the scientific evidence for the same is lacking. Aims and objectives: of this study were to evaluate the relationship of serum iron, ferritin and calcium concentrations with premature canities. Material and methods: This was a hospital based case-control cross-sectional study in which 50 patients aged less than 20 years with premature canities were studied. Age and sex matched 50 subjects with other mild skin ailments but no canities were taken as controls. A detailed history, thorough examination and lab investigations were carried out in all the patients and controls after taking informed consent. The severity of canities was graded as: mild (up to 50), moderate (50-100) and severe (more than 100 gray hairs). Results: Seventeen patients (34%) had mild disease, 30 patients (60%) had moderate disease and 3 patients (6%) had severe disease. The mean age of onset was about 2 years earlier than mean age of presentation. Femalemale ratio was 1.38:1. Positive family history was present in 31 patients (62%). The mean levels of serum iron. Ferritin and calcium were statistically significantly low in patients when compared to controls. Conclusion: The significantly low levels of these trace elements in our patients with premature canities support the fact that their supplementation might prevent the progression of canities. However, large scale studies are needed to substantiate these observations.

Study the Sensory Attributes and Shelf Life of Developed Digestive Pills from Makoi (Solanum nigrum)

Solanum nigrum belongs to family Solanaceae. Blacknight-shade and Makoi are the common name for it. The chemical constituents commonly found in Solanum nigrum are glycoalkaloids, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, polyphenolic compounds such as gallic acid, cathechin, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, rutin etc. Solanum nigrum has very much importance as a medicinal plant. Root, whole plant and leaves are used but fruits of black colour are not used as they possess toxicity, therefore they are not used for medicinal purposes. Reddish- brown coloured fruits are used for edible purpose. It has been also extensively used in traditional medicine in India and other parts of world to cure liver disorders, digestion, chronic skin ailments, inflammatory conditions, painful periods, fevers, diarrhoea, eye disease, hydrophobia etc. Extracts prepared with using spices condiments exhibited stomach disorders and also improved digestion activity as compared to other digestive pills.

Dermatologic emergencies

Dermatologic emergencies represent about 8–20% of the diseases seen in the Emergency Department of hospitals. It is often a challenge for primary care physicians to differentiate mundane skin ailments from more serious, life threatening conditions that require immediate intervention. In this review we included the following conditions: Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrosis, pemphigus vulgaris, toxic shock syndrome, fasciitis necrotising, angioedema/urticaria, meningococcemia, Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Global medicinal uses of Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae)

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe genus Euphorbia (spurges, Euphorbiaceae) is the third largest genus of flowering plants, with almost 2000 species. Its exceptional diversity of growth forms and near-cosmopolitan distribution have attracted human interest since ancient times. For instance in Australia, topical application of latex of Euphorbia peplus L. is used as a home treatment for skin cancer and actinic keratosis. Its use in Australian folk medicine has inspired the release of the drug Picato® (ingenol mebutate), and further fostered interest in natural products and medicinal uses of Euphorbia in recent years. Aim of the studyTo provide an indicative overview of medicinal uses of the genus Euphorbia driven by the recent interest in biologically active natural products from Euphorbia in drug discovery. We assess documented medicinal knowledge and value of the genus Euphorbia and the taxonomic distribution of this value. Materials and methodsWe undertook an extensive survey of over 260 multidisciplinary publications on the online repository JSTOR using the search term “Euphorbia medicinal”. ResultsMedicinal uses were identified for >5% of the species in the genus, including descriptions of treatments for a variety of diseases. The most-cited medicinal uses around the world were treatments for digestive system disorders, skin ailments and, especially in the Southern hemisphere, infections. Consensus ratios indicated that the most-valued medicinal uses of Euphorbia species are in the treatment of digestive and respiratory complaints, inflammation and injuries, especially by members of Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce. ConclusionsThe present study gives a first indicative overview of Euphorbia species used for health and wellbeing around the world. The exceptional diversity of the genus Euphorbia is not only represented by its growth forms but also by its diverse medicinal uses. Our results highlight the importance of research into medicinal uses of Euphorbia species and their importance as a source of natural products. Furthermore the medicinally highly valuable subgenus Chamaesyce was identified as chemically under-investigated, emphasizing the need for further studies investigating the chemical diversity to which the high medicinal value of Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce can be attributed.

Randomized Questionnaire Based Case-Control Research Study on Evaluation of Sexual Function in Indian Patients Taking Oral Finasteride for Androgenetic Alopecia.

IntroductionFinasteride is one of the most common drugs used in androgenetic alopecia. The literature discusses the sexual side effects of the drug; however, in practice there is little evidence to support this. The aim of the present study was to investigate the sexual dysfunction in patients taking finasteride 1 mg for androgenetic alopecia.MethodsA questionnaire, based on the International Index of Erectile Function, was given to approximately 586 patients with androgenetic alopecia who were being treated with finasteride 1 mg for an average of 16 weeks. These patients were compared to an age-related control group who were attending the Dermatology Out Patients Department for various other skin ailments not related to hair disorders.ResultsStatistical analysis of the results showed no significant difference in the scores between patients taking finasteride and the control group.ConclusionAnalysis showed no significant difference in sex-related problems with that of patients taking finasteride and age matched controls, suggesting that sex-related issues are not a side effect of finasteride.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13555-015-0084-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Ethnoveterinary practices of Covasna County, Transylvania, Romania.

BackgroundEthnoveterinary medicine is a topic of growing interest among ethnobiologists, and is integral to the agricultural practices of many ethnic groups across the globe. The ethnoveterinary pharmacopoeia is often composed of ingredients available in the local environment, and may include plants, animals and minerals, or combinations thereof, for use in treating various ailments in reared animals. The aim of this study was to survey the current day ethnoveterinary practices of ethnic Hungarian (Székely) settlements situated in the Erdővidék commune (Covasna County, Transylvania, Romania) and to compare them with earlier works on this topic in Romania and other European countries.MethodsData concerning ethnoveterinary practices were collected through semi-structured interviews and direct observation in 12 villages from 2010 to 2014. The cited plant species were collected, identified, dried and deposited in a herbarium. The use of other materials (e.g. animals, minerals and other substances) were also documented. Data were compared to earlier reports of ethnoveterinary knowledge in Transylvania and other European countries using various databases.ResultsIn total, 26 wild and cultivated plants, 2 animals, and 17 other substances were documented to treat 11 ailments of cattle, horses, pigs, and sheep. The majority of applications were for the treatment of mastitis and skin ailments, while only a few data were reported for the treatment of cataracts, post-partum ailments and parasites. The traditional uses of Armoracia rusticana, Rumex spp., powdered sugar and glass were reported in each village. The use of some plant taxa, such as Allium sativum, Aristolochia clematitis, and Euphorbia amygdaloides was similar to earlier reports from other Transylvanian regions.ConclusionsAlthough permanent veterinary and medical services are available in some of the villages, elderly people preferred the use of wild and cultivated plants, animals and other materials in ethnoveterinary medicine. Some traditional ethnoveterinary practices are no longer in use, but rather persist only in the memories of the eldest subset of the population. A decline in the vertical transmission of ethnoveterinary knowledge was evident and loss of practice is likely compounded by market availability of ready-made pharmaceuticals.

Investigations on microbial diversity of Jakrem hot spring, Meghalaya, India using cultivation-independent approach.

Jakrem hot water spring is located in the West Khasi Hill District of the state of Meghalaya, and is one of the most popular hot springs of the state. There is a populist belief among the inhabitants and people that the hot spring water has got curative properties against various skin ailments. This is the first report on V3 hyper-variable region of 16S rDNA metagenome sequence employing Illumina platform to profile the microbial community of this less known hot spring from Meghalaya, India. Metagenome comprised of 10, 74,120 raw sequences with a sequence length of 151 bp and 56.35% G + C content. Metagenome sequence information is now available at NCBI, SRA database accession no. SRP056897. A total of 8, 77, 364 pre-processed reads were clustered into 694 OTUs (operational taxonomical units) comprising of 14 bacterial phyla including unknown phylum demonstrating 49 families. Hot spring bacterial community is dominated by Firmicutes (61.60%), Chloroflexi (21.37%), Cyanobacteria (12.96%) and unclassified bacteria (1.2%) respectively.

Herbal cosmetics and cosmeceuticals: An overview

Herbal cosmetics are formulated, using different cosmetic ingredients to form the base in which one or more herbal ingredients are used to cure various skin ailments. The name itself suggests that herbal cosmetics are natural and free from all the harmful synthetic chemicals which otherwise may prove to be toxic to the skin. Compared to other beauty products, natural cosmetics are safe to use. Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic-pharmaceutical hybrid products intended to improve the health and beauty of the skin by providing a specific result, ranging from acne-control and anti-wrinkle effects, to sun protection. Cosmeceuticals have medicinal benefits which affect the biological functioning of skin depending upon type of functional ingredients they contain. These are cosmetic products that are not just used for beautification but for different skin ailments. These products improve the functioning/texture of the skin by boosting collagen growth by eradicating harmful effects of free radicals, maintains keratin structure in good condition and making the skin healthier. There are numerous herbs available naturally having different uses in cosmetic preparations for skincare, hair care and as antioxidants. The current review highlights importance of herbal cosmetics, the herbs used in them and their advantages over the synthetic counterparts.

Herbal Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals: An Overview

Herbal cosmetics are formulated, using different cosmetic ingredients to form the base in which one or more herbal ingredients are used to cure various skin ailments. The name itself suggests that herbal cosmetics are natural and free from all the harmful synthetic chemicals which otherwise may prove to be toxic to the skin. Compared to other beauty products, natural cosmetics are safe to use. Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic-pharmaceutical hybrid products intended to improve the health and beauty of the skin by providing a specific result, ranging from acne-control and anti-wrinkle effects, to sun protection. Cosmeceuticals have medicinal benefits which affect the biological functioning of skin depending upon type of functional ingredients they contain. These are cosmetic products that are not just used for beautification but for different skin ailments. These products improve the functioning/texture of the skin by boosting collagen growth by eradicating harmful effects of free radicals, maintains keratin structure in good condition and making the skin healthier. There are numerous herbs available naturally having different uses in cosmetic preparations for skincare, hair care and as antioxidants. The current review highlights importance of herbal cosmetics, the herbs used in them and their advantages over the synthetic counterparts.

Diagnostic agreement between a primary care physician and a teledermatologist for common dermatological conditions in North India.

Background:Primary care physicians (PCPs) encounter a large number of patients with dermatological diseases. However, delivering appropriate management is a challenge considering the inadequate dermatology training offered during the undergraduate medical curriculum. Teledermatology is the clinical evaluation of skin lesions by dermatologists and allows patients to be diagnosed and treated from a distant site. It is seen as a potential solution to the shortage of specialists and providing equitable service in remote areas.Aim:The study was aimed at estimating the diagnostic agreement of common dermatological conditions between a PCP and a teledermatologist.Materials and Methods:Consecutive patients with dermatological ailments who attended a primary health care clinic were recruited into the study, examined by the PCP and offered a diagnosis. The clinical images and patients’ history were collected and transferred to a dermatologist at a tertiary center who also made a diagnosis. Agreement between diagnosis made by the PCPs and the teledermatologist was measured using kappa (κ) statistics.Results:Overall agreement between the diagnoses made by a PCP and the dermatologist was found to be 56%. Poor κ agreement (<0.4) was seen in the diagnosis of psoriasis and eczema.Conclusion:Teledermatology can supplement specialist dermatology service in remote areas. There was poor agreement in the diagnosis of psoriasis, classifying various types of eczematous conditions and fungal infections. Scarce manpower in dermatology at the primary health care level compounded by the burden of skin ailments necessitates training of PCPs in common dermatological conditions.

Dermatophyte infection encircling vitiligo.

Dermatophyte infection encircling vitiligo.

Ethnomedicinal value of Pterocarpus santalinus (Linn. f.), a Fabaceae member

Pterocarpus santalinus (Linn. f.) is a small to medium sized deciduous tree, which belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is widely distributed in the tropical regions of the world. The plant has significant importance in traditional medicine for its ethnomedicinal value. The plant is mainly used to cure the skin ailments, oral diseases, cough, pyrexia, diarrhoea, dysentery, hyper nervous activity and also used as a potent anti-hemorrhagic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer and hepatoprotective agent. Phytochemical investigations have revealed that P. santalinus contains triterpenes, flavones, coumarins, tannins, phenolic acids, polysterols and essential oils. The active constituents of P. santalinus include alpha and beta santalol, Cedrol, pterocarpol, isopterocarpol, santalin A, B, pterocarpin, cryptomeridiol and santalin. The plant can be investigated for pharmacological activities as it has high medicinal value. The review discusses the antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective activity of P. santalinus.

An overview of Ayurvedic &amp; contemporary approaches to Psychodermatology

Aim &amp; objective: The main objective of this paper is to increase the awareness of the psychodermal effect of different type of skin diseases with special reference to Psoriasis, Atopic dermatitis and Acne. Basis of evidence: The authentic subject material has been reviewed from Ayurveda and modern medical literature. Selected articles from dermatologic and psychiatric literature were reviewed and used as the basis for the discussion of how psychological factors &amp; skin diseases interact with each other and affect patient’s quality of life and selection of appropriate management. Central Message: This review is mainly focused on psychodermal effects of commonly encountered skin ailments - Psoriasis, Atopic dermatitis and Acne. Patients with the skin disorder always experience physical, mental and socioeconomic embarrassment in the society. This embarrassment leads to mental stress which further causes aggravation of preexisting disease. More than a cosmetic nuisance, a skin disease produces anxiety, depression, and other psychological problems that affect the patient’s life in many ways comparable to Arthritis, Asthma or other disabling illnesses. Conclusion: The psychodermal aspect of skin diseases is underappreciated. Increased understanding of psychodermal comorbidities associated with skin diseases and a psychodermal approach to the management would ultimately improve patient’s quality of life. In this way, the present review has made a humble effort to clearly understand psychodermal aspects of skin disorders.

Yashada bhasma (Zinc calx) and Tankana (Borax) inhibit Propionibacterium acne and suppresses acne induced inflammation in vitro.

Yashada bhasma (YB) and Tankana (TA) are well characterized minerals used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various skin ailments. Yashada bhasma and TA are a unique preparation of zinc and borax, respectively. The study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory effect of YB, TA and its combination (YBTA) on Propionibacterium acne growth and P.acne-induced inflammation. The minerals were tested for anti-P.acne activity by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The effect of these minerals on P.acne induced TNF-α and IL-8 production and gene expression were studied in THP-1 cells. In vitro toxicity was tested on human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH3T3) using MTT assay. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC values) for YB, TA and YBTA against P.acne were 0.1±0.2, 1.9±0.5 and 0.3±0.5mgmL(-1) , respectively. YB, TA and YBTA inhibited TNFα by 57.57%, 59.09% and 68.93% and IL-8 production by 48.76%, 47.92% and 51.13% in P.acne-stimulated THP-1 cells, respectively. The CTC50 values on HaCaT and NIH3T3 was 17.44±0.5 and 16.37±0.2μgmL(-1) for YB, 1023.03±4.0 and 1286.17±4.4μgmL(-1) for TA and 89.12±2.3 and 111.58±3.5μgmL(-1) for YBTA, respectively. The present study revealed the inhibitory effect of YB, TA and YBTA on P.acne growth and inflammation. Clinical studies have suggested the anti-acne benefits of formulations containing YB and TA. The findings obtained from the present in vitro studies provide evidence to support the mechanism of anti-acne properties of YB and TA.

Proximate and elemental analyses of Tinospora cordifolia stem.

Tinospora cordifolia also known as Giloy or Guduchi, is an indigenous climber plant indigenous to tropical areas of India, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. Its stem is used for treatment of fever, jaundice, emaciation, skin ailments, diabetes, anaemia and various infectious diseases. The study was undertaken to evaluate the proximate and elemental analysis of the stems of Tinospora cordifolia. The proximate analyses were carried out using standard methods, while mineral elements were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, equipped with air acetylene flame. The proximate analysis of the stems of Tinospora cordifolia showed that it contained moisture 34.39%, ether extract 0.912%, crude protein 7.74%, crude fibre 56.42%, total ash 7.96%, nitrogen free extract 26.97%, cellulose 23.02% and hemicellulose 3.70%. The mineral analysis of the stems showed that they contain the following essential minerals: Calcium (102.23 ppm), phosphorous (24.81 ppm), iron (26.058 ppm), copper (3.733 ppm), zinc (7.342 ppm) and manganese (12.242 ppm). The study revealed that Tinospora cordifolia stems to be a potential source of nutrition and minerals for man as well as animals.