Programming Skills Research Articles

Early Warning Systems for Acute Respiratory Infections: Scoping Review of Global Evidence

Background Early warning systems (EWSs) are tools that integrate clinical observations to identify patterns indicating increased risks of clinical deterioration, thus facilitating timely and appropriate interventions. EWSs can mitigate the impact of global infectious diseases by enhancing information exchange, monitoring, and early detection. Objective We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of EWSs in acute respiratory infections (ARIs) through a scoping review of EWSs developed, described, and implemented for detecting novel, exotic, and re-emerging ARIs. Methods We searched Ovid MEDLINE ALL, Embase, Cochrane Library (Wiley), and CINAHL (Ebsco). The search was conducted on October 03, 2023. Studies that implemented EWSs for the detection of acute respiratory illnesses were included. Covidence was used for citation management, and a modified Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist was used for quality assessment. Results From 5838 initial articles, 29 met the inclusion criteria for this review. Twelve studies evaluated the use of EWSs within community settings, ranging from rural community reporting networks to urban online participatory surveillance platforms. Five studies focused on EWSs that used data from hospitalization and emergency department visits. These systems leveraged clinical and admission data to effectively detect and manage local outbreaks of respiratory infections. Two studies focused on the effectiveness of existing surveillance systems, assessing their adaptability and responsiveness to emerging threats and how they could be improved based on past performance. Four studies highlighted the integration of machine learning models to improve the predictive accuracy of EWSs. Three studies explored the applications of national EWSs in different health care settings and emphasized their potential in predicting clinical deterioration and facilitating early intervention. Lastly, 3 studies addressed the use of surveillance systems in aged-care facilities, highlighting the unique challenges and needs of monitoring and responding to health threats in environments housing vulnerable populations. The CASP tool revealed that most studies were relevant, reliable, and of high value (score 6: 11/29, 38%; score 5: 9/29, 31%). The common limitations included result generalizability, selection bias, and small sample size for model validation. Conclusions This scoping review confirms the critical role of EWSs in enhancing public health responses to respiratory infections. Although the effectiveness of these systems is evident, challenges related to generalizability and varying methodologies suggest a need for continued innovation and standardization in EWS development.

Use and De-implementation of Fecal Occult Blood Tests in the Acute Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background To determine methods of FOBT de-implementation in acute care practice while summarizing the reasons and contraindications for inappropriate FOBT in acute care settings. Fecal occult blood testing is valuable for colorectal cancer screening in ambulatory settings but is not valuable for diagnostics in acute care with consistent indications for discontinuation as a tradition-based practice. Methods We included all English language prospective and retrospective evaluation studies of FOBT use in acute care settings with or without de-implementation interventions and published as original research articles in peer-reviewed journals. A meta-analysis of FOBT positivity was conducted using a random effects model. Quality was assessed using Critical Appraisals Skills Programme criteria. Results Of 2,471 abstract/titles screened, 157 full-text articles were reviewed, and 22 articles met inclusion criteria of measuring prevalence or de-implementation of FOBT use in acute care settings. All 22 studies evaluated either FOBT use or de-implementation. Twenty articles reported FOBT positivity, with some illustrating that FOBT results were inconsequential to subsequent endoscopy decisions (n=7, 32%). The included studies represent a publication date range spanning 32 years, with limited documentation of de-implementation strategies. Four published studies described system-level disinvestment to administratively eliminate access to inpatient FOBT orders. Conclusion Overall, all studies endorsed that the use of FOBTs in acute care settings results in increased workload and/or cost without diagnostic benefit. Critical appraisal of low-value tradition-based practices such as FOBT use in acute care settings are essential for deploying deliberate and effective de-implementation strategies.

The union of linguistics and prompt engineering: linguistic features of prompts to neural networks

This article offers a linguistic perspective on the study of the interaction between humans and Artificial Intelligence. The focus of the work is on analyzing human communication with neural networks which generate textual content. With the advent of text-based interfaces for neural networks, where programming skills are no longer required for human-AI communication, and it is sufficient to create text queries (prompts), one of the key skills for prompt engineers (specialists in prompt creation) has become the ability to ‘program’ and obtain AI responses corresponding to the query while using natural language resources. This work is aimed at studying, identifying, and describing the linguistic features of prompts and their parameters that influence the stylistic correctness of the generated responses by the neural networks.

Correction to: The infuence of scafolding for computational thinking on cognitive load and problemsolving skills in collaborative programming

Correction to: The infuence of scafolding for computational thinking on cognitive load and problemsolving skills in collaborative programming

Experiences of Informal Caregivers Caring for Individuals With Chronic Schizophrenia in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis.

In Asia, many caregivers are culturally obliged to assume the role of taking care of individuals experiencing chronic schizophrenia, even as they grapple with stigma and compassion fatigue. Despite the significance of this phenomenon, the collective experiences of Asian caregivers remain poorly understood. To synthesise qualitative evidence on the experiences of informal caregivers when caring for individuals with chronic schizophrenia in Asia. A search was conducted on seven databases for studies published between 2013 and 2023. The included studies were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool. Data extraction was based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Qualitative Extraction Form. The data synthesis was based on the framework by Sandelowski and Barroso. Our review included the experiences of 1345 informal caregivers from 57 included studies. The analysis yielded the overarching theme of 'Navigating Challenges, Forging Resilience'. Three themes were identified: (i) challenges in caregiving, (ii) lack of support and (iii) coping and resilience. Our findings highlighted the Asian caregivers' stressors, particularly cultural and traditional factors, a facet often overlooked in the literature. Mental healthcare practitioners must provide caregivers with comprehensive information. Anticipatory guidance is essential during the initial stages of the diagnosis. To negate geographical limitations, caregiver-training sessions can be pre-recorded and posted to online platforms. Finally, cultural and spiritual beliefs can be integrated into the treatment plans for individuals with schizophrenia in the community. Within the institutional setting, mental healthcare practitioners are encouraged to provide caregivers with comprehensible information or training in person and through written or online platforms, which can transcend geographical limitations. Anticipatory guidance is essential, especially during the initial stages of the diagnosis, when confusion and uncertainties are prevalent. Periodic home visits by mental healthcare practitioners can help ease caregivers' concerns and enhance their caregiving confidence. Finally, cultural and spiritual beliefs should be integrated into the treatment plans for individuals with schizophrenia in the community as it promotes cultural acceptability, encourages referrals to appropriate institutions and reduces the stigma of mental healthcare.

Facilitating acculturation of internationally educated nurses: A meta-synthesis of social integration strategies.

To explore the social integration strategies adopted by internationally educated nurses during acculturation and to elucidate their role in facilitating successful adaptation to their host countries. With their remarkable resilience, internationally educated nurses navigate numerous challenges in their acculturation process in the host country. While the importance of effective social integration strategies in the acculturation and subsequent retention of internationally educated nurses is well known, the specific strategies adopted by these nurses have not been extensively explored. This study aims to fill this gap with its unique and significant focus on these strategies. Eight electronic databases were searched for English articles from inception to October 2023 to ensure a comprehensive review. The quality of the included studies was appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist. A meta-synthesis was performed using Sandelowski and Barroso's two-step approach, and a thematic analysis was performed according to Braun and Clarke's framework. This review included experiences of 258 internationally educated nurses across 16 primary studies and has yielded the overarching theme of 'fostering a sense of belonging'. The overarching theme is supported by three themes: (1) cultivating social capital, (2) employing effective communications, and (3) engaging with the community. Internationally educated nurses' social integration is a complex process that leverages support networks, establishing connections and overcoming communication barriers. However, the most crucial element is the active involvement of the host community, which plays a significant role in internationally educated nurses' acculturation journey. This review has highlighted the importance of social integration in internationally educated nurses' acculturation journey. Interventions such as having a supportive social network, providing a customised communication programme, organising engagement activities and granting overseas home leave are practical strategies that can enhance this journey.

Communication skills of residents: are they as good as they think?

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the current communication skills of resident physicians and identify areas for improvement. Study design Using a cross-sectional design, data from medical students, residents, fellows, and faculty were assimilated at one of the largest academic medical centers in a low-and-middle-income country via a self-administered, validated survey with a 5-point LIKERT scale. One-way ANOVA was used to compare intra-group means, followed by the Bonferroni test, with a p-value <0.05 considered significant. Heat maps using means were generated and color-coded to signify the level of communication skills expertise. Results A total of 320 participants (119 residents, 34 fellows, 78 medical students and 89 attendings) completed the survey. Most residents (58%) reported not having received formal communication skills training. Major barriers impeding effective patient-resident communication were long working hours, inadequate time, and difficulty understanding patients’ language (p < 0.001). Residents’ self-evaluation of communication skills was significantly higher than observer evaluations from faculty, fellows, and students, reflecting a lack of self-awareness and overestimation of communication expertise. Observer cohorts rated residents moderately on para-verbal communication skills while giving the lowest ratings for breaking bad news (mean 2.8, p-value <0.001) and residents’ experience in dealing with workplace conflicts (mean 2.8, p-value = 0.023). Conclusions Our study identified a clear and critical need for a structured, longitudinal, competency-based communication skills program for residents. Targeted efforts towards bridging the gaps in communication skills identified in this study can improve trainee communication skills expertise and augment patient satisfaction rates to improve the quality of care in developing countries.

Cultivating Job-Seeking Skills in Youth: Exploring Vietnamese EFL Learners’ Experiences With the English for Employability Skills Program

Cultivating Job-Seeking Skills in Youth: Exploring Vietnamese EFL Learners’ Experiences With the English for Employability Skills Program

EcoCommons Australia Virtual Laboratories with Cloud Computing: Meeting Diverse User Needs for Ecological Modeling and Decision-making

Biodiversity decline and climate change are among the most important environmental issues society faces. Information to address these issues has benefited from increasing big data, advances in cloud computing, and subsequent new tools for analytics. Accessing such tools is streamlined by virtual laboratories for ecological analysis, like the ‘Biodiversity and Climate Change Virtual Laboratory’ (BCCVL) and ‘ecocloud’. These platforms help reduce time and effort spent on developing programming skills, data acquisition and curation, plus model building. Recently this functionality was extended, producing EcoCommons Australia—a web-based ecological modeling platform for environmental problem-solving—with upgraded infrastructure and improved ensemble modeling, post-model analysis, workflow transparency and reproducibility. We outline our user-centered approach to systems design, from initial surveys of stakeholder needs to user involvement in testing, and collaboration with specialists. We illustrate EcoCommons and compare model evaluation statistics through four cases studies, highlighting how the modular platform meets users’ needs.

فاعلية استخدام روبوتات الدردشة التفاعلية (Chat Bot) عبر التلجرام في تنمية مهارات البرمجة بلغة بايثون لدى طالبات المرحلة المتوسطة

The study aimed to identify the effect of using chatbot in Telegram on developing Python programming skills for 7th graders in Jeddah. A quasi-experimental method was used by selecting a sample of (25) students as an experimental group. The study tools were pre and posttest for students’ knowledge of Python programming skills, and a rubric to observe students’ skills when practicing programming by Python. The study revealed that there were statistically significant differences at level (0.05) between the mean scores of experimental group in the pre and post-test. Also, there were statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of experimental group in the observation rubric used to measure the students proficiency in using Python. Finally, this study had several recommendations and suggestions to use the interactive chatbot in programming skills and other education purposes.

Deficit to development: rethinking centralised workshops

Centralised academic skills provision has been criticised for being ‘generic’, ‘remedial’, or ‘bolt on’ (Wingate, 2006). Critics argue it takes a deficit approach towards student learning, simplifying academic processes and failing to meet students’ discipline-specific needs. Embedded provision is often seen as the solution. However, embedded does not necessarily mean non-deficit. Indeed, Schneider (2023) highlights that academic tutors can perceive students in relation to skills they are lacking. Subsequently, Learning Developers can be brought in to ‘fix’ students, and as such, embedded sessions may still be disconnected from the curriculum and designed to offer pre-prescribed solutions, reflecting deficit approaches. As Webster (2023) asserts, the Learning Developer’s role is not ‘to give students academic skills’ but rather to help them make sense of the skills and literacies that are hidden in the curriculum. In this workshop, we discussed how we redesigned our entire skills programme using a non-deficit pedagogic approach that aims to help students ‘uncover their curriculum’. Inspired by the University of Manchester’s constructive and collective approach (Blake and Illingworth, 2015), we see our co-curricular offer as providing a unique opportunity to create empowering and developmental learning spaces which sit alongside embedded provision. To meet these aims, our redesign was informed by four principles: Reflection: centring students’ prior knowledge and experience. Collaboration: harnessing knowledge from a community of learners, rather than a ‘sage on the stage’. Choice: students customise their own learning experience, tailoring sessions to meet their own needs. Application: students relate session content to their own discipline and apply learning to their own work. Workshop participants considered debates around deficit thinking in relation to centralised training, working together to redesign learning activities and reflect on the opportunities and challenges of such an approach.

A systematic review on exploring the influence of Industry 4.0 technologies to enhance supply chain visibility and operational efficiency

This systematic review investigates the implications of Industry 4.0 technologies on supply chain visibility and operational efficiency. The primary aim is to discern the impact of technological integration on contemporary supply chain dynamics. Methods: A comprehensive search strategy identified 65 pertinent studies published between 2015 and 2023. The review adheres to systematic methodologies, employing the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme framework for quality assessment. Data synthesis incorporates qualitative and quantitative analyses to distill key themes and patterns. Results: The review unveils the pivotal role of information visibility in fortifying supply chain outcomes, emphasizing the need for a dual investment strategy encompassing technological solutions and a collaborative organizational culture. Regional variations in supply chain practices, insights from humanitarian supply chains, and the influence of environmental factors on agility broaden the understanding of Industry 4.0 implications. Organizations are urged to adopt a context-specific, adaptive approach, recognizing the significance of intangible assets and tailoring strategies to local contexts for optimal supply chain performance. This systematic review contributes a nuanced understanding of Industry 4.0’s transformative potential in supply chain management, emphasizing the interplay between technology, organizational culture, and regional contexts.

Exploring the Impact of Social Support on Tuberculosis Treatment: A Thematic Review

Aims: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a critical global health issue, characterized by significant morbidity and mortality rates. Recent research highlights the potential of social support interventions to enhance TB treatment outcomes and improve patient quality of life. This study examines the positive effects of social support interventions on TB patients throughout their treatment process. Method: Utilizing a traditional review approach, this study applies thematic analysis to synthesize findings from the literature. The review encompasses 17 articles selected from reputable databases, including PubMed, Wiley Online Library, ProQuest, and Google Scholar, based on predefined inclusion criteria. These articles underwent quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. The PRISMA flowchart provided transparency in the selection process. Results: Key themes identified through the analysis include treatment adherence, psychological well-being, motivation to recover, health-related quality of life, prevention of TB transmission, successful TB treatment, and self-efficacy to recover. Conclusion: The findings suggest that social support interventions can play a crucial role in addressing the persistent challenges of TB management globally.

Enhancing computational thinking in children through logical puzzles: A machine learning approach for early coding education

This recent growth in early education in coding evidences the rising need for the computing-thinking-skills development in children. Though most of the programming curricula are based upon syntax and other basic concepts of coding, computational thinking encompasses broader cognitive skills, such as problem-solving, abstraction, and logical reasoning. This research therefore intends to fill a gap in research and will investigate the ways pre-coding games employ logical puzzles as an enhancement in developing computational thinking skills in children aged 7-10 years and how these affect the acquisition of programming knowledge. In all, there will be two groups assigned: one will be exposed to logical-oriented puzzle training, Group A, and the other will be a control group, Group B, which receives only regular standard lessons in programming introduction. Pre- and post-measures of computational thinking and basic programming skills will be obtained from the participants. The machine learning algorithms, such as Random Forest for prediction in terms of improvement in subject performance in computational thinking and K-Means clustering to identify patterns in their development of skills, will be implemented in their pure or integrated forms to analyze data. Logistic Regression will be executed in order to model the odds of improved performance in programming given an intervention of exposure to puzzles. The research study will, therefore, apply these algorithms in comparing the performance of the two groups and reveal the aspects of computational thinking to which the greatest influence in a positive way through puzzle activities is exerted. It is expected that children exposed to logical puzzles may show significant improvements in both computational thinking and programming skills. These findings should be useful to educators in their effort to show how logical puzzles can be integrated into the curricula of early coding education to build foundational skills and thereby contribute to a refinement of best practices in STEM education.

Factors Influencing the Engagement with Electronic Mental Health Technologies: A Systematic Review of Reviews.

Mental disorders impact approximately one-third of the global population, affecting adults, children, and youth worldwide. Recently, electronic mental health (e-mental health) technologies have been proposed to facilitate the provision of mental health care by professionals and other stakeholders, aiming to address the challenges associated with delivering mental health services. The objective of this study was to investigate the existing factors influencing engagement with e-mental health technologies. This study was a systematic review of existing reviews conducted in 2024. PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Cochrane databases were searched. The authors assessed the quality of the studies using the CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) Checklist. Subsequently, they extracted and analyzed the data, utilizing the Boyatzis thematic analysis approach. The systematic review resulted in 15 papers, all of which exhibited an acceptable level of quality and risk of bias. The thematic analysis classified the data into five main themes: 'Technical', 'Ethical and Legal', 'Clinical', 'Organizational', and 'Social'. The study underscored the significance of ensuring accessibility, affordability, and reimbursement to effectively engage patients with e-mental health services. Additionally, transparency-facilitated by self-certification and user involvement-alongside critical factors like informed consent and privacy safeguards, was presented as playing a pivotal role in the process. Moreover, facilitators, including tailored interventions that consider the specific needs of particular groups and temporary project teams composed of individuals working together on specific initiatives, were identified as essential contributors. Overall, the factors influencing engagement with e-mental health technologies and potential solutions for enhancing such engagement appear to be interconnected.

How Economically-Marginalized Adolescents of Color Negotiate Critical Pedagogy in a Computing Classroom

Background &amp; Context: With the growing movement to adopt critical framings of computing, scholars have worked to reframe computing education from the narrow development of programming skills to skills in identifying and resisting oppressive structures in computing. However, we have little guidance on how these framings may manifest in classroom practice. Objectives: To better understand the processes and practice of critical pedagogy in a computing classrooms, we taught a critically conscious computing elective within a summer academic program at a northwest United States university targeted at secondary students (ages 14-18) from low-income backgrounds and would be the first in their families to pursue a postsecondary education (i.e. first-generation). We investigated: (1) our participants’ initial perceptions of and attitudes toward the benefits and perils of computing, and (2) potential tensions that might emerge when secondary students negotiate the integration of critical pedagogy in a computing classroom. Methods: We qualitatively coded participant work from a critically conscious computing course within a summer academic program in the United States focused on students from low-income backgrounds or would be the first in their family to pursue a post-secondary education. Findings: Our participants’ initial attitudes towards technology were mostly positive, but exhibited an awareness of its negative impacts on their lives and society. Throughout the course, while participants demonstrated a rich social consciousness around technology, they faced challenges in addressing hegemonic values embedded in their programs, designs, and other classwork. Implications: Our findings revealed tensions between our participants’ computing attitudes, knowledge, self-efficacy, and social consciousness, suggesting pathways for scaffolding the critical examination of technology in secondary education. This study provides insights into the pedagogical content knowledge necessary for critical computing education.

Uncovering the story within the story: a scoping review of response shift in qualitative research.

The role of qualitative research in response-shift research has not been well characterized. This scoping review summarizes the status of qualitative studies on response shift. A scoping review of the medical literature was done using the keywords "response shift" and "qualitative" or "interview." After excluding ineligible works, each retained article was rated by two independent raters according to the modified Critical Appraisal Skill Program (CASP) criteria. A synthesis of adjudicated review results further characterized the articles. The search yielded 50 unique articles published from 1991 to 2023, 39 of which were retained after applying exclusion criteria. Most (69%) had the highest possible CASP score. Studies involved a broad range of patients by diagnosis or therapeutic context, caregivers, and healthcare professionals. While studies were often purely descriptive, many addressed components of response-shift theory or assumptions of response-shift methods. Study goals varied by design, time-focus (i.e., retrospective, present-focus or prospective), and by whether response-shift hypotheses were planned or post-hoc. The theoretical value added by the qualitative process involved examining the cognitive/emotional processes underlying quality-of-life ratings and response shifts. The methodological value added by the qualitative process facilitates understanding measurement error and non-responsiveness, and whether the methods used reflect the researchers' presumptions. The use of qualitative methods in response-shift research yields a nuanced understanding of what response-shift "looks like" in different patient populations, thereby helping to translate results more directly to clinical experience. Studies contributed to response-shift theory or methods in ways not easily captured by purely quantitative research.

Evaluating Usability and Accessibility of Visual Programming Tools for Novice Programmers—The Case of App Inventor, Scratch, and StarLogo

The current state of the labor market requires modern engineers to acquire programming skills at different levels of advancement and to apply them in multidisciplinary environments. Not all modern engineers will become fully fledged programmers, but sometimes the possibility to use low-code programming environments like LabView or MIT App Inventor will be sufficient. In order to give good foundations for adulthood, schools use elements of visual programming, e.g., Scratch or StarLogo, to enhance the critical and algorithmic thinking of future engineers. This article attempts to answer the question of whether anyone cares about following general accessibility and usability guidelines in the case of solutions like Scratch, App Inventor, and StarLogo. Another goal is to show a set of tools that is successful in such an assessment. The authors used Nielsen’s heuristics, followed by analyzing WAVE output and Web Content Accessibility Guidelines compliance. Especially, the last one provides insights usually omitted when evaluating low-code environments. It was found that Scratch and App Inventor are leading solutions in terms of look and feel, functionality, documentation, interface navigation, and memorization. The StarLogo interface, on the other hand, is less friendly in terms of aesthetics and functionality.

Barriers to young people’s use of sexual and reproductive health services in Asia-Pacific

Abstract Background Qualitative literature extensively documents young people’s barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in Asia-Pacific countries. However, efforts to synthesise this research for practical use in healthcare policy and practice are lacking. This systematic review aims to systematically review and synthesise published qualitative literature focusing on young people’s utilisation of SRH services and understanding common access barriers. Methods We systematically searched five electronic databases from inception until 24 June 2022: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Google Scholar and reference lists of all included studies were also searched. We used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist for appraising the quality of included studies and analysed the data using a thematic synthesis approach. Results We included 31 papers reporting the experiences of over 1800 young people from 16 Asia-Pacific countries. Thematic synthesis identified several factors affecting adolescents’ utilisation of SRH services, which were grouped into six descriptive themes: navigating puberty; lack of SRH knowledge; embarrassment and confidentiality concerns; low decision-making autonomy; traditional practices and religious beliefs; and socio-cultural norms. Our overreaching analytical theme highlighted the role of shame as a key emotion hindering young people’s utilisation of SRH services. Conclusions Direct communication about SRH issues is crucial for teenagers. Embarrassment, privacy concerns, and stigma significantly affect their service utilisation decisions. Inclusive interventions for both youth and their communities by addressing socio-cultural factors are essential for optimising service accessibility and guiding evidence-based interventions and policies across diverse cultural contexts. Key messages • Understanding young people’s SRH service barriers in Asia-Pacific countries: Socio-cultural norms are highlighted as crucial for optimising service utilisation among young individuals in this area. • Inclusive interventions and policies are needed for enhanced accessibility.

The predisposing factors to heart failure diagnosis and early mortality among young adults in Africa: a narrative review

Abstract Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a major health concern mainly diagnosed among elderly individuals. Primarily, researchers have focused on this age group, nevertheless, compared to individuals from other regions of the world, Africans presents with HF two decades sooner (52 versus 79 years). Even though it manifests early, young persons (18–35 years old) are also diagnosed with HF with prognoses comparable to the older group. Less is known about how much study is concentrated on this age range, although globally, young adults of African origin make up the majority of those with an early onset of heart failure. Additionally, obtaining information about how HF impacts African youth remains challenging. Purpose To determine the cause of Africans' early HF diagnosis as well as the risk factors for HF diagnosis and early mortality among young adults. Methodology Three electronic databases— MEDLINE Ovid, Scopus, and CINAHL Plus—were searched using the Boolean operators. The first retrieved hits were checked for relevancy by titles and abstracts. Then, publications were fully screened for inclusion in the review based on the pre-established criteria. Also, reference lists of the articles were snowballed for pertinent studies. The scientific integrity of the studies was evaluated using a guided, in-depth peer-reviewed article on how to critically analyse clinical research and the Critical Appraisal Skill Programme (CASP) tool cohort checklist. Pertinent information regarding the study was analysed using a narrative review methodology. Eleven (11) articles out of the 135 pulled from the databases met the requirements for inclusion in the review after a thorough screening. One article was eliminated upon critical evaluation of the research's methodology, and an eligible article was discovered from snowballing reference lists. Therefore, only 11 articles qualified for this review study. Results Findings from the review show that HF is diagnosed earlier among Africans due to the early presentation of the major causes of HF before the age of 30 years. Rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, HTN, and pulmonary illnesses (COPD, TB, and pulmonary arterial hypertension) are known aetiologies. More so, young adults who are diabetic, obese, have hyperlipidaemia or smoke cigarettes are more likely to develop HF. Furthermore, socioeconomic status, alcohol use, smoking, renal dysfunction, higher serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and creatine kinase (Isomer MB), cardiogenic shock, and decreased ejection fraction were the predictors of death with significant p-values (0.05). Conclusion Although HF affects young African adults disproportionately causing them to live lower quality of life and shorter lives, no research before this has been conducted. Therefore, further study is required to understand how HF affects this target age range (18 to 35 years) and to develop a long-term plan to fight this illness before it worsens.