Physical Skills Research Articles

PENGENALAN OLAHRAGA PENCAK SILAT DALAM MELESTARIKAN BUDAYA ASLI BANGSA INDONESIA

Pencak silat is an integral part of Indonesia's rich culture which not only includes martial arts, but also the noble values ​​contained therein. Through the introduction of pencak silat sports at SDN Jayasampurna 03, the main aim of this activity is to introduce and preserve the original cultural heritage of the Indonesian nation, as well as forming students' overall character. Implementation methods include direct outreach and training to students, involving demonstrations, pair exercises, material collaboration, as well as discussion and reflection sessions. The results of this activity show that the students of SDN Jayasampurna 03 are able to understand, appreciate and practice the basic movements of pencak silat with high enthusiasm. In addition, they also benefit from developing physical, mental and social skills, as well as a deeper understanding of Indonesian culture. The suggestion for this activity is to continue and expand the pencak silat program into the school curriculum as a permanent and sustainable extracurricular activity. This will ensure that every student has the opportunity to engage in and benefit from this martial art, as well as ensuring that pencak silat education is improved comprehensively at all levels of education to respect the cultural heritage and noble values ​​contained within it.

‘Into the darkness’ – The caving community and their tourist experiences. The Polish case

Descent into the underground requires from explorers not only a high level of physical endurance, technical skills, and ability to use specialized equipment, but also psychological adaptation to severe cave conditions: the darkness, the coldness, and the unknown. The paper focuses on mental states and emotions that accompany cave descents at every stage of the tourist experience. The study examines cavers' tourist motivations as well as perceived benefits of this kind of physical activity. The research aims at the Polish caving community. The study indicates that participation in cave exploration for respondents undertaking cave challenges outside of regular tourism is generally the result of a combination of equally strong factors, rather than a single dominant motivation. The benefits of cave exploration are inwardly directed, those related to creating one’s external image were of marginal importance among survey respondents. A state of ‘focus and concentration’ accompanies cavers during almost the entire stay in cave what not lessen a sense of overall satisfaction, joy, and excitation. To some extent, anxiety, anger, and rarely fear, shape the cave tourist experience. Management implicationsThe tourism product of any kinds of tourism should meet the expectations and needs of their participants. Dedicated speleotourists visiting sites outside mass tourism in popular show caves are leading by the complex of motivations typical for tourism as such. However, in the study analysed, the search for beauty and aesthetic impressions next to experiencing the unknown and novelty are explicitly significant motivators for cave exploration, even more important than looking for sport challenges and physical effort. This observation underlines cognitive and emotional meaning, not only sport character of cave exploration.The research might suggest the general direction in preparation of the offer for dedicated cave tourists: they do not require the creation of new infrastructure (e.g. in terms of cave accessibility) or provision of new amenities, but possibilities of the improvement of technical skills, while enjoying the beauty of the caves, with maintaining a balance between commercialization and the sense of uniqueness and exclusivity of the product.As pristine and unexplored caves constitute a ‘non-renewable resource,’ thus there is a need for redefinition of ‘the unknown’ and ‘the new’ concepts in cave tourism practiced by dedicated cave tourists (far beyond the geographical sense). The result of this procedure might help meet the expectations of dedicated cave tourists toward their tourist experiences and the attractiveness of sites.The explorations of dedicated cave tourists occur outside or on the fringes of tourism. To include them in the mainstream of broader tourism, it is necessary to find a balance between commercialization and the uniqueness and exclusivity of the product. The latter should provide satisfaction both in the area of physical well-being and the emotional sphere (sense of community, strengthening bonds).The study revealed the literature gap in terms of existential authenticity and the recognition of aesthetic and bodily experiences in cave tourism outside of popular show caves.

Case study: problem-based learning model for soccer basic movement skills and learning activity

Background: The education curriculum is developed to prepare students to gain comprehensive experiences and life skills. Learning effectiveness, especially in physical education, depends on the teacher's ability to choose the right learning strategies, models and methods. However, problems often faced in the learning process include lack of student attention, teacher dominance in the learning process, and passive learning tendencies. The Problem-Based Learning (PBL) learning model emerged as a potential approach to address these issues and improve the quality of learning. Study Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) learning model in improving the basic soccer movement skills and learning activities of elementary school students in the context of physical education. Materials and Methods: This study used a pseudo-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects comprised 24 fifth-grade Krakitan State Elementary School, Klaten Regency students. The research instruments included basic soccer skills tests (dribbling and short passes) and student learning activity observation sheets. Data were analyzed using paired samples t-test to determine the effect of learning with the PBL model on primary skills of playing football and student learning activities. Results: The study revealed a substantial enhancement in both the basic soccer skills and student learning activities following the implementation of the PBL model. The average basic soccer skills score surged from 99.0833 in the pretest to 109.0417 in the posttest, marking a notable increase of 9.9584 points. Similarly, student learning activities showed a commendable rise, with the mean score climbing from 3.0833 at the start of the treatment to 4.3750 at the end, indicating a significant increase of 1.2917 points. Statistical analysis using paired samples t-test confirmed the significance of these improvements, with the calculated t values for basic soccer skills (6.89943) and learning activities (7.369) both surpassing the t table value (2.069). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study affirms the effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in enhancing students' basic soccer movement skills and learning activities in the context of physical education at the primary school level. The substantial improvements in both the technical ability to play soccer and in students' active engagement in the learning process underscore the potential of PBL as a potent learning strategy for physical education. These findings not only underscore the importance of problem-based learning approaches in enhancing physical skills but also in fostering students' cognitive and social engagement in the learning process, thereby making a significant contribution to the field of physical education. Keywords: Problem Based Learning, Physical Education, Soccer Skills, Learning Activity, Primary School

‘Goalkeepers are players too’: key attributes coaches’ look for in talented youth soccer goalkeepers

ObjectiveCurrently, there is a gap in knowledge on what the key goalkeeper attributes are during talent identification and selection in soccer. Hence, the objective was to investigate South African coaches’ perceptions regarding key attributes of talented youth soccer goalkeepers.DesignCross-sectional survey.MethodsA total of 173 soccer coaches (130 men and 43 women; Mage = 36.6 ± 10.4 years; Mcoaching experience = 8.4 ± 7.3 years) were purposively recruited to participate in the study. All of the participants completed the Talent Identification Questionnaire in Soccer – Goalkeepers (TIDQS-GK).ResultsThe six-component solution identified by the principal component analysis accounted for 68.96% of the total variance. Coaches deemed psychological (e.g. concentration, bravery, self-discipline), physical (e.g. speed, flexibility), social (e.g. coachability, communication), technical (e.g. catching the ball, first touch), tactical (e.g. defensive organisation against set plays) and perceptual-cognitive skills (e.g. decision-making) as important factors in identifying talented goalkeepers.ConclusionsThe study offers new insights into the key attributes that soccer coaches look for in talented goalkeepers such as concentration, bravery, speed, coachability and decision-making and could direct coaches towards more objective evaluation strategies for informing their decisions.

THE IMPACT OF UTILIZING PENDULUM TRAINING IN ENHANCING SPECIFIC PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES AND FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS FOR YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Football This game has taken a large part of the rest of the sports games as it occupies the first place in terms of practitioners (amateurs, professionals) and spectators, as well as the abundance of its skills and the diversity of its plans, so the interest in it was exceptional in terms of its importance on the one hand and because it is the game that brings pleasure and joy to the hearts of its followers and practitioners on the other hand and has received huge views whether (inside or outside the stadium), it is natural that the player, coach or fan will be under great psychological pressure when compared to other sports games. Preparing a training program using the pendulum training method to develop some physical qualities and basic skills for youth football players. Knowing the effect of the pendulum training method in developing some physical qualities and basic skills for youth football players. The researchers used the experimental method (experimental design for two groups, the first control and the second experimental) using pre- and post-measurement, and the research community identified the young players in the Al-Jawhara Sports Club for football for the season) 2022-2023 (and the research sample was selected by simple random method, amounting to (20) players, and then they were divided into two control groups containing) 10) players and an experimental group containing (10) players as well. The most important conclusions were The emergence of a clear development of the control and experimental groups in the physical qualities and basic skills of young football players. There is an advantage in the development of the physical qualities and basic skills of young football players in favor of the experimental group that used the pendulum training method. The use of any training method may positively affect the physical qualities and basic skills of young football players.

Active Methodologies for Teaching Physical Education to Students with Moderate Physical Disabilities

Introduction: physical education is essential for the integral development of students, fostering inclusion and adapting activities to individual needs, promoting a safe and equitable environment. Objective: to identify the active methodologies implemented in the teaching of Physical Education for students with physical disabilities in Ibero-America, proposing recommendations based on the findings. Methods: a systematic review was conducted following PRISMA methodology, analyzing studies on active methodologies in Physical Education for physical disability in Ibero-America. Results: of the 533 articles identified, 15 selected studies demonstrate various active methodologies. Three dimensions were analyzed: active methodologies by country, the effectiveness of the methodologies for inclusion, and inclusive approaches, highlighting the effectiveness of inclusion and the development of physical and social skills. A micro-curricular methodology called "Active Inclusive Mobility" is proposed to integrate effective strategies. Conclusions: the research revealed that active methodologies such as Cooperative Learning and Project-Based Learning are key tools to promote inclusion in Physical Education, although challenges such as lack of teacher training and institutional support remain.

Is Clinical Medicine Dying?

Recently, I came across a few discussions and write-ups on the dying art of clinical medicine caused by rapid advances in technology, which is replacing previously indispensable instruments such as stethoscope. Fred has interestingly termed it "Hyposkillia."1 Multiple editorials have decried the loss of clinical skills, and medical educators justify not only teaching but also using basic history-taking and physical examination skills in routine patient care.2-4 However, some skeptics suggest that emphasis on clinical skills is from a bygone era and that the availability of advanced imaging techniques and laboratory tests has supplanted ambiguous history and physical findings.5,6 Here is what I think.

Absorbance measurement for interdisciplinary educational experiment on cytotoxicity

Abstract We propose a multidisciplinary educational experiment, linking knowledge and skills in physics, biology and information technology through the training and application of the research method by students. From a physics point of view, the experiment consists in light absorption measurement, and in terms of biology, it demonstrates the process of cytotoxicity evaluation by means of the colorimetric method neutral red uptake in vitro test. The test allows to determine the concentration of a test drug at which 50% cytotoxicity (CC50 values) of the cells is observed. After initial exposure to the tested drug, neutral red (NR) is added to the cell culture medium, it is absorbed by the living cells and subsequently released in a desorb buffer. The cell culture medium becomes coloured, and the more intensive colour corresponds to higher cell viability, while more transparent solution corresponds to lower number of living cells. The NR concentration in the solution is estimated by the absorbance value. We measure the absorbance of NR by utilizing a very affordable educational-grade spectrometer and compare its output with that of a professional microplate reader. We show that the educational spectrometer gives a result on the CC50 value that is in agreement with the acceptable values of the official protocol. We include a comment on the results when performing this laboratory exercise in one class of 18 year old students (in their last year of secondary education). The experiment can be also successfully applied in the laboratory practicum of first year university study.

Effect of the PROFIT-BR exercise program on physical fitness of children: a protocol study

BackgroundConsidering that school environments are important and have the potential to promote an active lifestyle with direct impacts on physical, motor, cognitive, affective, and psychological aspects, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a physical exercise program in the school context.MethodsA parallel, two-arm experimental research project carried out over 19 weeks, with two non-consecutive weekly classes of 60 min, with the inclusion of PROFIT-BR in the initial 15 min of the class followed by 40 min based on specific physical education skills on indicators of physical fitness in children. Estimates of excess weight and visceral fat will be measured and assessed by body mass index and waist-to-height ratio, respectively, and cardiorespiratory fitness by performance in the six-minute run/walk test. Flexibility will be assessed by the sit and reach test; and muscle strength measured by the number of sit-ups in one minute. The 2 kg medicine ball throw and the horizontal jump will be used to measure upper and lower limb power, respectively, the square test used as a measure of agility, and the 20-meter run test used to measure speed. To analyze the differences between baseline and post-intervention values, repeated measures ANOVA adjusted for somatic maturation will be used. The magnitude of the effect size will be estimated by “partial eta squared”. Statistical analyses will be carried out using SPSS version 24.0 software and a 5% probability of error in the analyses will be accepted.DiscussionThe main theoretical assumption of the proposal is the cause-and-effect relationship between the regular practice of physical exercise in childhood and adolescence and several parameters of health and motor performance. The elaborated program has a lot of applicability because it was wondering from the perspective of the school, in terms of materials, space, and objectives of physical education.

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF YOUNG CHILDREN: METHODS AND PRACTICES

The article highlights modern approaches to physical education of young children in modern preschool educational institutions, in particular, traditional forms of activities and innovative methods. The main forms of physical education, such as morning gymnastics, physical culture classes, mobile games and hardening procedures, are complemented by author’s and non-traditional methods, such as self-massage using Su-jok technology. Special attention is paid to the game methods proposed by M. Yefimenko and the introduction of information and communication technologies increasing the effectiveness and interest of classes. Particular attention is paid to the use of baby yoga for the physical and emotional development of young children. The importance of creating favorable conditions for independent motor activity of children is also emphasized. The article contains practical recommendations for the implementation of these methods into the educational process of preschool educational institutions. The purpose of the article is to distinguish the peculiarities of the organization of physical education in groups of young children. Among the research methods a scientific analysis of psychological and pedagogical sources, priority documents of the Ukrainian state educational policy is presented, where various problems related to the organization of physical education of young children in preschool educational institutions are outlined, its meaning and role of modern forms and methods of physical education of children are revealed in early age groups. Findings of the results indicated the need for further search for modern technologies and methods of physical development of young children in order to improve the quality of the educational process in preschool educational institutions. The conclusions emphasize that the introduction of original and non-traditional methods, such as self-massage using Su-jok technology, as well as game methods proposed by M. Yefimenko, significantly increase the effectiveness and interest of classes. The use of information and communication technologies and baby yoga helps in the development of children’s physical and emotional skills, makes classes diverse and attractive for children.

The Use of Digital Interventions for Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder-A Meta-Analysis.

This comprehensive meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of digital interventions in improving developmental skills for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We conducted a systematic literature search based on three databases. A pre-test adjusted between-group standardized effect size was computed for effect size synthesis. We utilized a robust variance estimation model to analyze overall treatment effect. Moderator analyses and publication bias were also addressed. Twenty-eight studies (150 effect sizes) using randomized control trials (RCT; n = 22) or quasi-experimental designs (QED; n = 6) were included. Most studies (n = 22) included social-emotional skills as primary outcomes. The meta-analysis revealed a medium to large overall effect size, with Hedges' g = 0.62, 95% CI [0.36, 0.88], p < 0.001. We found that digital interventions have a statistically significantly large effect on enhancing social-emotional skills compared with language and communication skills, cognitive skills, daily living skills, and physical skills. The results of moderator analyses indicated that computer-based interventions have larger effect sizes in comparison to tablet/smartphone-based interventions. No statistically significant differences were observed between studies utilizing RCT and those using QED. We recommended the integration of digital interventions as supplemental resources in behavioral and educational interventions. Further research needs to focus on more females, young children, and adolescents with ASD in digital intervention research.

Cognitive Function of Climbers: An Exploratory Study of Working Memory and Climbing Performance.

Sport climbing requires a combination of physical and cognitive skills, with working memory (WM) playing a crucial role in performance. This study aimed to investigate the association between WM capacity and climbing ability, while considering potential confounding factors including sex, age, education level, and climbing experience. Additionally, the study compared prefrontal cortex (PFC) hemodynamic responses among different climbing ability groups and sex during WM performance. Twenty-eight climbers participated, with WM assessed using the eCorsi task and PFC hemodynamic responses measured with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Initial linear regression analyses revealed no association between WM and climbing ability. However, significant associations were found after adjustment for covariates. Specifically, sex (p = .014), sex in conjunction with age (p = .026), sex combined with climbing experience (p = .022), and sex along with education level (p = .038) were identified as significant predictors of differences in WM between Expert and Elite climbers. Additionally, notable differences in PFC hemodynamic responses were observed between Expert and Elite climbers, as well as between sexes during the WM task, providing support for differences in WM capacity. This study contributes to understanding the complex relationship between WM capacity and climbing performance, emphasizing the need to account for influencing factors in assessments.

The Effects of Exergames on Physical Fitness, Body Composition and Enjoyment in Children: A Six-Month Intervention Study.

Physical inactivity in children can lead to decreased physical fitness and reduced enjoyment of physical activity. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of exergaming on physical fitness, body composition and perceived enjoyment in elementary school children. Sixty-four male students (mean age 9.5 years) were randomly assigned to an exergaming group (EG, n = 32), engaging in Kinect Adventures three times a week for six months, or a control group (CG, n = 32), which continued standard physical education. Assessments were conducted pre- and post-intervention, including anthropometric measures, physical fitness tests (standing long jump, countermovement jump, sit-and-reach, 20-m sprint), aerobic fitness (20-m shuttle run), and perceived enjoyment measured with the PACES scale. The EG demonstrated significant reductions in body weight, BMI, and relative fat mass compared to the CG (p < 0.01). Improvements in physical fitness were evident in EG, with increases in standing long jump distance (+12.8%; p < 0.0001), countermovement jump height (+65%, p < 0.0001), and flexibility (+75%; p < 0.0001). Aerobic fitness improved significantly in EG (+87.8m) compared to CG. Perceived enjoyment was notably higher in EG, especially at week three, compared to CG (69.3 ± 5.8 vs. 44.2 ± 11.6; p < 0.0001). Exergaming offers benefits for physical fitness and body composition in children, while also enhancing enjoyment. Incorporating exergames into physical education programs could be an effective strategy for addressing childhood obesity, improving physical skills, and increasing student enjoyment, encouraging long-term physical activity adherence.

Integrating psychiatry into basic clinical skills: A three-year nationwide quantitative assessment of postgraduate training programs.

The aim of this study was to develop quantitative outcome indicators for psychiatric training programs integrated into the General Medicine In-Training Examination (GM-ITE) and to investigate which characteristics correlate with high scores in psychiatry. A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted over 3 fiscal years (2021-2023). An anonymous online questionnaire was distributed to postgraduate year 1 and 2 residents who completed the GM-ITE. The primary outcome was GM-ITE score, with a particular focus on psychiatry. Multiple-choice questions for the psychiatry field were created by board-certified psychiatrists with various subspecialties, then reviewed and piloted. Multiple regression analysis examined correlations between GM-ITE score and various resident and facility characteristics. A total of 18,226 residents participated over the 3 years, of whom 5%-6% aspired to specialize in psychiatry. Quantitative scores were effective in the psychiatry field across all 3 years. Psychiatry aspirants had lower scores in internal medicine, emergency, and total scores but higher scores in psychiatry. Residents from university hospitals had lower psychiatry scores, while the number of psychiatry beds and supervising psychiatrists did not correlate with higher psychiatry scores. These findings indicate the need for psychiatric training programs distinct from general internal medicine and emergency training. Based on these quantitative psychiatry scores, this study highlights the necessity of improving physical assessment skills during residency for psychiatry aspirants, who score higher in psychiatry. Future research should identify effective training programs and facility practices that lead to higher psychiatry scores among residents, and thereby better integrate psychiatry into basic clinical skills.

Improving the Training Process for Student Providers in a Student-Run Free Clinic: Assessing the Impact of a Small Group, Peer-Led Training Process

Background: Student-run free clinics give students crucial opportunities to improve their skills as future medical professionals. However, many students at our institution feel unprepared to take on student provider roles despite completing a training curriculum. This study describes an improved way to train student providers using a small group, peer-led training process. Methods: Participants in the control group completed our institution’s current training process consisting of viewing e-modules and observing a clinic visit. Participants in the experimental group took part in small group, peer-led training sessions. All study participants completed pre- and post-training surveys to assess their confidence in navigating the electronic health record, performing physical exams, and patient interviewing and in their sense of overall preparedness. Participants’ pre-training to post-training confidence change scores were calculated for each question, and the two groups’ results were compared using Mann-Whitney-U tests. Results: Results revealed a statistically significant increase in confidence in performing physical exams and navigating the electronic health record for students in the experimental group compared to the control group. While both groups saw an increase in confidence in overall preparedness to serve as a student provider and in patient interviewing, no significant differences were observed between the two groups. Conclusions: While both groups showed increases in confidence change scores for all components surveyed, participants in the small group, peer-led training process reported a larger increase in their confidence to perform physical exam and electronic health record navigation skills after the training intervention than the control group participants. Small-group, peer-led training sessions give students opportunities to receive early hands-on exposure to technical skills. The findings of this study can lead to lasting improvement in our institution’s provider training process while serving as a model for other student-run clinic programs to better prepare student providers to care for at-risk populations.

Effects of China's Sports System Reform on Physical Education and Talent Development in Schools in China

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of China's sports system reform on physical education and talent development in schools in China. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: China's sports system reform has significantly impacted physical education and talent development in schools by promoting a more structured and competitive environment for young athletes. The reforms have shifted the focus from traditional physical education to a comprehensive system that emphasizes specialized training and early identification of talent. This has led to the establishment of partnerships between schools and sports institutions, enabling better resource allocation and training facilities. As a result, students are encouraged to participate in a wider variety of sports, enhancing their physical fitness and skills. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social learning theory, human capital theory &amp; ecological systems theory may be used to anchor future studies on the effects of China's sports system reform on physical education and talent development in schools in China. Based on findings from studies on curriculum integration, there is a clear need for robust teacher training programs. To address regional disparities, policies should be developed to ensure more equitable distribution of resources and support across different regions.

‘Teaching should always be a little bit interesting for the teachers, too’: Preceptor experiences of co-teaching ultrasound in a clinical skills course

Purpose Medical schools increasingly incorporate ultrasound into preclinical curricula but face barriers including financial constraints, shortages of qualified instructors, and limited curricular space. This study explored how integrating ultrasound co-teaching into an existing first-year clinical skills course influenced preceptors’ teaching experiences and characterized areas for curricular improvement. Methods Ultrasound instructors rotated through classrooms during small-group physical examination skills sessions with 110 medical students, joining physical examination preceptors who taught remaining session content. Twelve ultrasound and traditional preceptors’ experiences were characterized through focus group interviews paired with inductive thematic analysis. Results Four themes were identified. First, the shared classroom fostered vicarious learning and novel instruction techniques but could feel disruptive to teaching. Second, ultrasound integration prompted physical examination preceptors to adopt a learner role. Third, students appeared to associate ultrasound with anatomy and physiology more than physical examination. Finally, ultrasound integration carries multiple logistical considerations. Conclusions Co-teaching ultrasound within clinical skills courses can promote learning and was associated with multiple effects on faculty preceptors and the teaching process. Those planning similar initiatives should consider strategies to optimize preceptor experiences, minimize disruptive potential, and promote connections between ultrasound and physical examination content.

Ableism and the discourse of risk and safety in patient-facing work-integrated learning.

In many countries, such as Canada, the USA, England, and Australia, to graduate from a regulated profession such as nursing, students must complete a set of work-integrated learning (WIL) hours and demonstrate their ability to safely perform physical skills and apply knowledge in relation to professional standards. For a disabled nursing student (DNS) undergoing training in higher education institutions (HEI), securing proper accommodations to participate effectively in WIL experiences has been difficult due to concerns related to risks to self and patient safety. This study used critical discourse analysis to investigate the framing of risk and safety in association with providing DNS with accommodation in WIL. Our data were collected from an intensive codesign (group-based discussion) session with participants (n = 16), including clinicians and DNS, from four institutions (two WIL-sites and two HEI organizations). Using an iterative thematic approach based on Foucauldian framework, our analysis revealed three ways in which health professionals discursively framed risk and safety: (a) beliefs that a lack of disclosure by disabled students decreases patient safety and indicates poor self-reflection, (b) concerns that accommodating students poses a risk to institutions offering WIL experiences and to the relationships between HEI and institutions offering WIL-sites, and (c) a framing which challenges the dominant discourse by thinking about safety and risk more expansively. Our findings suggest the first two of these framings are ableist and function to enact barriers to access for DNSs in WIL, whereas the third framing serves the goal of inclusion. Recommendations to address the current ableist discourse within the Canadian nursing context are provided, which may also be applicable across other regulated health professions.

Tactics and strategy analysis in professional badminton: insights from match data and performance metrics- a systematic review

Background and Goal of Study: Professional badminton is a sport that requires a combination of physical skills and tactical strategies. This study aims to analyze the tactics and techniques applied in professional badminton systematically matches to improve understanding of the factors influencing athlete performance. This study uses match data and performance metrics as the primary evaluation tools. Materials and Methods: This study adopted a systematic review design with strict selection criteria for data sources. Involving the review of relevant articles, the study gained in-depth insights into the basic concepts of strategy and tactics in badminton, utilization of match data, and the relevance of performance metrics in athlete evaluation. Careful analytical methods were applied to identify common patterns and relationships between strategies used and match outcomes. Results: The main findings of this study include an in-depth understanding of the patterns of strategies and tactics applied by professional badminton athletes. Analysis of match data provided insights into the key factors influencing match outcomes, while performance metrics opened up opportunities for objectively evaluating athletes' skills. Significant variation in athlete performance metrics was also found, highlighting the complexity of assessing and improving the performance of badminton athletes. Conclusion: By integrating match data and performance metrics, this study significantly contributes to understanding tactics and strategy in professional badminton. Practical implications involve the development of more targeted training methods, taking into account these findings to improve athletes' readiness for high-level competition. This study also provides a basis for further research, highlighting the importance of exploring the potential for developing more effective strategies and tactics in professional badminton. Keywords: Professional badminton, Tactics and strategy analysis, Match data, Athlete performance metrics, Systematic review

Exploring Talent Identification and Development Practices in Chinese Basketball

The objective of this research was to evaluate the techniques used in the process of identifying and developing young basketball player potential in Chinese basketball schools. The study included a sample of 150 teenage basketball players and coaches who were selected to assess specific criteria for talent identification. These criteria encompassed physical characteristics, technical abilities, tactical understanding, social qualities, work ethic, and contextual elements. The research used a blend of descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including regression analysis, to ascertain the most influential characteristics in predicting the selection of young athletes for development programs. The findings revealed that all the main factors for identifying potential were significant, with work ethic obtaining the highest ranking among sporting participants. The survey showed no notable disparity in the evaluation of credentials depending on gender. However, variations were seen based on the academic year level, namely in the perceived enhancement of skills, with senior athletes displaying a more positive perspective. The efficacy of the current development initiatives was evaluated favorably in all domains, with mental growth achieving the highest success rating. Upon further examination, a notable disparity was found in the efficacy of cognitive growth depending on gender and skills acquisition depending on the academic year. The regression analysis revealed that all criteria, including physical attributes, technical skills, tactical understanding, social attributes, work ethic, and contextual factors, have significant predictive power in determining the selection of young athletes for development programs. Among these criteria, contextual factors emerged as the most influential predictor.