Skills Of Healthcare Professionals Research Articles

Evaluation of Midwifery Practices among Registered Midwives in Selected Hospitals in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Midwifery practices are defined as the level of midwifery care in which midwives use their expertise, management, and clinical leadership to provide personalized, evidence-based care to women independently and autonomously. Midwifery care includes antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum care, which are defined by the WHO as the care provided by skilled healthcare professionals to pregnant women and adolescent girls to ensure the best health conditions for the mother and baby during the antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum period. The aim of this study was to evaluate midwifery practices among registered midwives in selected hospitals in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional research design was used to assess and describe midwifery practices among registered midwives in selected hospitals in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The population size was 100 registered midwives in the selected hospitals. The sample size of 80 registered midwives was determined using the Slovin formula. Simple random sampling was used to select the sample. A self-developed questionnaire was tested and validated prior to conducting the main study. The findings of the pilot study were used to refine the questionnaire before being used for the main study. Reliability and validity were ensured. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 with the assistance of a statistician. The study revealed inadequate provision of midwifery care during antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods due to lack of resources and equipment. The shortage of midwives and the shorter experience in the clinical setting within the midwifery environment were overwhelming. The study concluded that the practices of registered midwives were inadequate due to some challenges they faced during the provision of midwifery care. Inadequate midwifery practices have serious implications for the health and well-being of mothers and newborns. These practices were influenced by various factors, such as inadequate material and human resources and lack and malfunctioning of available equipment. The study recommended that women have access to a variety of pain relief options during labor, including both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. In addition, the study recommended implementation of the presence of doulas during labor and childbirth.

Increasing pediatric radiation oncology capacity in sub-saharan Africa using technology: a pilot of a pediatric radiation oncology virtual training course

BackgroundThe shortage of skilled healthcare professionals in pediatric oncology and the limited access to training programs remain significant challenges in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa. The the Pediatric Radiation Oncology (Virtual) Course, ‘PedROC’ project aims to contribute to improving pediatric cancer outcomes in Nigeria by increasing the capacity of radiation oncology professionals. To address the gap in access to pediatric radiation oncology professional development, the PedROC project was created, harnessing technology to improve radiation oncology training via a curriculum delivered through web-conferencing. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the PedROC pilot in enhancing the capacity, confidence, and skill of radiation oncologists in decision-making, prescribing, and treatment planning of radiotherapy for children diagnosed with cancer.MethodsA multidisciplinary faculty of specialists in radiation oncology, pediatric oncology, oncology nursing, radiation therapy technology, and medical physics collaborated to identify the key learning needs in pediatric radiation oncology in the country. The team collaborated to develop a comprehensive curriculum covering the most common pediatric cancers in sub-Saharan Africa for the training program. The training course was conducted over two days, delivering twenty-four half-hour sessions for a total of 12 h, from July 31 to August 01, 2021.ResultsAnalysis of pre and post - training surveys showed a significant increase in self-reported confidence measures across all domains among radiation oncologists. The program successfully improved participants’ knowledge and confidence levels in managing common pediatric cancers using radiotherapy, particularly addressing radiotherapy-specific issues such as appropriate dose, target volume delineation, treatment planning, dose constraints, and plan evaluation.ConclusionThe PedROC pilot showed the efficacy of this model in enhancing the capacity and confidence of radiation oncology professionals involved in the treatment of pediatric cancer. The findings indicate that technology holds significant potential to increase pediatric radiation oncology capacity in Africa, ensuring improved access to proper treatment and ultimately improving pediatric cancer outcomes.

Work characteristics, job satisfaction and intention to leave: a cross-sectional survey of advanced nurse practitioners

Background Advanced Nurse Practitioners (ANPs) are highly skilled health care professionals with the potential to play a major role in improving the quality and accessibility of health care services. However, there is emerging evidence of disquiet among nurse practitioners who often work in suboptimal work environments. Therefore, it is important to understand the elements that contribute to ANPs’ job satisfaction and retention in healthcare services. Aim To examine the effects of commitment to the workplace, work engagement, and influence at work on job satisfaction and intention to leave of ANPs. Methods A total of 153 ANP’s on the advanced practice section of the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland register completed a web survey between July and August 2020. Independent variables (commitment to the workplace, work engagement, and influence at work) were measured using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between dependent and independent variables. Results Participants who reported higher levels of influence at work and higher levels of commitment to the workplace were also satisfied in their job (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.09, p = 0.025), (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.06–1.14, p < 0.001) respectively. Additionally, ANPs with higher levels of commitment to work were significantly less likely to leave their role (OR 0.94, 95% CI .92–.96, p < 0.001). Conclusion Healthcare organisations can improve job satisfaction and decrease intention to leave by creating environments in which ANPs are supported by their colleagues and supervisors, and facilitate their practice to the full extent of their capabilities.

Knowledge and skills of newborn resuscitation among health care professionals in East Africa. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Newborn resuscitation is a medical intervention to support the establishment of breathing and circulation in the immediate intrauterine life. It takes the lion's share in reducing neonatal mortality and impairments. Healthcare providers' knowledge and skills are the key determinants of the success of newborn resuscitation. Many primary studies have been conducted in various countries to examine the level of knowledge and skills of newborn resuscitation and associated factors among healthcare providers. However, these studies had great discrepancies and inconsistent results across East Africa. Hence, this review aimed to synthesize the pooled level of knowledge and skills of newborn resuscitation and associated factors among healthcare providers in East Africa. Studies were systematically searched from February 11, 2023, to March 10, 2023, using PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI, and grey literature. The effect size measurement of knowledge and skill of health care newborn resuscitation was estimated using the Random Effect Model. The data were extracted by Excel and analyzed using Stata 17 software. The Cochran's Q test and I2 statistic were used to assess the heterogeneity of studies. The symmetry of the funnel plot and Egger's test were used to check for publication bias. A subgroup analysis was done on the study years, sample sizes, and geographical location. Percentages and odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI were used to pool the effect measure. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a total of 1953 articles were retrieved from various databases and registers. Finally, 17 studies with 7655 participants were included. The overall levels of knowledge and skills of healthcare providers on newborn resuscitation were 58.74% (95% CI: 44.34%, 73.14%) and 46.20% (95% CI: 25.16%, 67.24%), respectively. Newborn resuscitation training (OR = 3.95, 95% CI: 2.82, 5.56) and the availability of newborn resuscitation guidelines (OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.90, 3.86) were factors significantly associated with knowledge of health care professionals on newborn resuscitation. Work experience (OR = 5.92, 95% CI, 2.10, 16.70), newborn resuscitation training (OR = 2.83, 95% CI, 1.8, 4.45), knowledge (OR = 3.05, 95% CI, 1.78, 5.30), and the availability of newborn resuscitation equipment (OR = 4.92, 95% CI, 2.80, 8.62) were determinant factors of skills of health care professionals on newborn resuscitation. The knowledge and skills of healthcare providers on newborn resuscitation in East Africa were not adequate. Newborn resuscitation training and the availability of resuscitation guidelines were determinant factors of knowledge, whereas work experience, knowledge, and the availability of newborn resuscitation equipment and training were associated with the skills of healthcare providers in newborn resuscitation. Newborn resuscitation training, resuscitation guidelines and equipment availability, and work experience are recommended to improve healthcare providers' knowledge and skills.

Human resources management in healthcare: recruitment, retention, and workforce development: A review

This research paper explores Human Resources Management (HRM) in healthcare, focusing on the critical areas of recruitment, retention, and workforce development. Through a comprehensive literature review, the study highlights the challenges faced in attracting and retaining skilled healthcare professionals, alongside the importance of ongoing staff development. The paper examines evidence-based HR strategies, the role of technology and innovation, and future directions for HRM in the healthcare sector. Key findings emphasize the need for comprehensive recruitment and retention programs, investment in professional development, and technology adoption to improve HR practices. Implications for healthcare HR policy and practice are discussed, with recommendations for future research to enhance HRM effectiveness in healthcare settings. This study contributes valuable insights into improving HRM practices to ensure high-quality patient care and organizational effectiveness in the healthcare industry.

Healthcare Capacity Building in Northwest Syria: Challenges, Successes, and Lessons Learned

The conflict in Syria has caused significant loss of life and widespread displacement. Northwest Syria (NWS) has been heavily impacted, leading to challenges in providing healthcare services. Attacks on healthcare workers and facilities have worsened the situation. Healthcare students and professionals have been specifically targeted, disrupting their education and resulting in migration and a shortage of skilled healthcare workers. To address these challenges, local and international organizations and institutions have supported long-term projects to improve healthcare facilities and provide a trained healthcare workforce. Collaborations with multiple stakeholders have been established to ensure comprehensive and effective training opportunities, enabling healthcare workers to better serve the population's healthcare needs. A range of undergraduate, postgraduate, and research programs have been developed to enhance healthcare capacity building. These programs aim to strengthen the knowledge and skills of healthcare professionals in NWS. Efforts have been made to strengthen the health system and build the capacity of policy makers in utilizing evidence-based knowledge for informed policy decisions. Global and regional partnerships, along with adequate funding, have played a significant role in the successful enhancement of capacity building activities at all levels.&#x0D; Building healthcare and health research capacity in underdeveloped and conflict-affected parts of NWS presents numerous challenges. Underdeveloped infrastructure, inadequate teaching and service delivery tools, gender disparities, and the sustainability of funding create obstacles to effective capacity building. The political context, coupled with security concerns further complicate efforts. The accreditation of education, and the brain drain of skilled healthcare professionals, add to the difficulties in strengthening the healthcare system in NWS. Addressing these challenges requires comprehensive and collaborative approaches that prioritize stability, security, gender equity, sustainable funding, and improved coordination and resources for education and service delivery. The lessons learned from capacity-building efforts in the Syrian conflict have broader implications for other regions facing similar challenges.

Abusive supervisor triggers counterproductive work behaviors in nursing staff: role of psychological contract breach and Islamic work ethics

PurposeAbusive supervision (AS) provides insights into the darker aspects of leadership behavior and its effects on employees. Understanding and addressing AS can contribute to creating healthier work environments and promoting employee well-being. The effect of abusive leadership (AS) on counterproductive work behaviors (CWB) in nursing staff is examined through the theoretical lens of the social exchange theory.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 302 nursing staff working at public and private hospitals through a self-administered questionnaire. Measurement scales were adapted from the literature and the data were tested for validity and reliability before performing hypotheses testing through structural equation modeling in SmartPLS 4.0.FindingsAS positively affects CWB, and psychological contract breach mediates this relationship. However, employees with high Islamic work ethics (IWE) are less concerned with supervisors' dysfunctional behaviors and pay less attention to them; thus, IWE buffers the effect of AS on CWBs.Originality/valueA positive and supportive organizational climate is crucial for attracting and retaining skilled healthcare professionals. When healthcare professionals are subjected to abusive behaviors, their ability to share knowledge, adopt safety protocols and provide the best patient care may be hampered. Therefore, addressing AS in hospitals is vital to promoting a positive work environment, enhancing employee well-being and improving patient care.

Assessment of Skills of Health Care Professionals Posted in Labour Room and Maternity OTs Based on OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) Using LaQshya Guidelines

Background: Present study attempts to assess the skills of staff including Doctors and nurses posted in labourroom and maternity OTs based on OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) as mentioned in LaQshyaguidelines in selected areas of Indore and Ujjain district (M.P) regarding the management of normal labour, theactive management of third stage of labour, Newborn Resuscitation, management of PPH due to atonic uterus andmanagement of eclampsia. Even in these parameters many sub-parameters were studied.Materials and Methods: Pre designed semi structured Observation checklist for Health care providers regardingskill assessment of the staff based on OSCE guideline was used to assess Health care providers including Doctors,Staff nurses/ANMs, who are providing MCH services in LR (Labour room) and maternity OT of the selectedhospitals of Indore and Ujjain district.Results: Most of the manoeuvres were better performed by staff nurses posted in CHCs rather than those postedin PHCs. Breathing assessment of baby was lacking among staff nurses of both CHCs and PHCs and needed to betackled with by a reorientation training of paramedical staff in critical care. Decision to transfer (is usually afterConsultation with the in charge, hence it is usually the Medical officers prerogative) and bimanual compression/aortic compression/condom tamponade to control bleeding was done exclusively by MOs.Conclusion: OSCE helped to assess the skills of the staff of maternity wing in a comprehensive manner and waswell appreciated by the staff. Such OSCE modules should be developed and regularly used and updated to assessthe clinical skill of the staff in the maternity wing of any health centre or hospital.

Digital skills of health care professionals in cancer care: A systematic review.

The digital transformation of healthcare enables new ways of working in cancer care directing attention on the digital skills of healthcare professionals. This systematic review aims to identify existing evidence about digital skills among health care professionals in cancer care to identify the needs for future education and research. Database searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane and ERIC to identify studies until March 2023. The inclusion criteria were digital skills of health care professionals in cancer care as described by themselves, other health care professionals, patients or significant others. The CASP tool was used for quality assessment of the studies. Data was analysed following inductive content analysis. The search produced 4563 records, of which 24 studies were included (12 qualitative, 10 quantitative, 1 mixed methods design and 1 strategy paper). Four main categories were identified describing HCPs' required skills, existing skills and development areas of digital skills in cancer care: Skills for information technology, Skills for ethical practice, Skills for creating a human-oriented relationship and Skills for digital education and support. In development areas, one more main category, Skills for implementing digital health, was identified. The digital skills of health care professionals in cancer care are multifaceted and fundamental for quality cancer care. The skills need to be assessed to provide education based on actual learning needs. The review findings can be used for education and research in this field.

Antenatal Care Services in Sudan Before and During the 2023 War: A Review Article.

Antenatal care (ANC) is provided by skilled healthcare professionals to pregnant women to ensure the best health conditions for both mother and baby during pregnancy. It includes risk identification, prevention, management of pregnancy-related diseases, health education, and health promotion. Antenatal care has a great effect on vital health indicators such as maternal and neonatal mortality by identifying and treating pregnancy-related complications. Political instability and armed conflict have seriously affected the health system, which has catastrophic implications for pregnant women's health. This review aimed to summarize the literature on ANC in Sudan before and during political instability and war by highlighting its effect on maternal mortality, coverage, care providers, quality of care, accessibility, and utilization. Other aspects of this review are the ANC components and service provision during the war. In addition, the author tried to identify the gaps and point out the future research needs in Sudan. A total of 58 articles about ANC in Sudan have been reviewed through PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate databases, and other search tools. The keywords used were "antenatal care", "coverage", "service providers", "service quality", "accessibility and utilization", "components", and "ANC during the war". All the keywords were followed by "Sudan" to confine the search. According to the reviewed data, ANC services in Sudan, even during normal political situations, were not sufficient and of poor quality in most of the reviewed regions. The political instability and armed conflicts worsened the situation, and it became catastrophic. To improve the accessibility and quality of ANC services, we will need the collaboration of all stakeholders to address the health needs of vulnerable groups, people in remote rural areas, and nomadic communities towards providing the required health services in general and ANC in particular. On the other hand, an important aspect of this development is the availability of skilled healthcare providers and the adoption, revision, and updating of working procedure guidelines to match the needs of the local communities. The main shareholders are the local communities; they must be empowered and involved by raising their awareness. Then, effective, punctual, and applicable contingency plans should be ready for any unfortunate crises.

IGF-1 as screening tool for acromegaly and adult-onset growth hormone deficiency in the Netherlands.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) measurements play a central role in the diagnosis and follow-up of acromegaly and growth hormone deficiency. However, improving health care outcomes for these patients involves an intricate process of laboratory diagnostics and skilled health care professionals. The integrated effects of IGF-1 reports on diagnosis and treatment decisions are yet unknown. Extended quality assessment, distributing the description of five (real) patient cases with accompanying blood samples. Patients suspected or during follow up for acromegaly or adult onset of growth hormone deficiency were included. Laboratory specialists and endocrinologists in the same centre were asked to interpret their centre-specific IGF-1 results by using a laboratory and medical questionnaire. This way, insight could be obtained into the combined effects of different assays, assay harmonisation, reference value sets, and individual physician interpretation in relation to guidelines, thus reviewing the entire diagnostic and management process. Limited variation (CV 13.8 ± 2.8) was found in IGF-1 concentrations despite different use of the harmonization sample and factor among laboratories. This interlaboratory variation increased upon conversion to SD scores (CV 15.7 ± 40.7) as a consequence of the use of different reference value sets. Furthermore, there was a lack of adherence to international guidelines among endocrinologists. Highly variable diagnostic and treatment outcomes in acromegaly and AGHD in the Netherlands can be attributed to increased variability of IGF-1 upon conversion to SD scores and low adherence to clinical guidelines.

The need for a tailored National Dementia Plan in Ethiopia: a call for action

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, a rapid demographic transition is occurring with a significant increment in the proportion of older individuals. For the first time in history, individuals aged 65 and above outnumber that of children under five years of age.MethodA mini review was conducted to assess the burden and types of dementia risk factors in Ethiopia.ResultsIn Ethiopia, the life expectancy has shown dramatic improvements in the past few decades and is expected to reach 74 years by mid‐century. Older age is considered the most important non‐modifiable risk factor for dementia. Likewise, other modifiable diseases such as infectious diseases, non‐communicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, and traumatic brain injuries are associated with dementia. Despite, the high prevalence of dementia risk factors and impending economic and health impact from dementia, no country in the sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), including Ethiopia, has developed a standalone national dementia strategic plan to guide the overall effort to improve dementia care in the country. It is vital to design and develop a national dementia plan in line with a framework outlined by the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) global action plan. The health, social, &amp; economic burden from dementia is expected to be high to the developing countries such as Ethiopia unless clear prevention and management strategies are designed at a national level to cascade the care to the primary care level. The planned strategic policy may focus on improving the knowledge and skills of health care professionals. Translation and cultural adaptation of cognitive, functional, and behavioral assessment batteries is of paramount importance in improving the diagnostic accuracy along with availability of advanced imaging, biomarkers, and dementia treatment.ConclusionIn summary, this call for action paper recommends developing a tailored stand‐alone or an integrated national dementia prevention and care plan which is in congruent with the seven WHO global action plan.

Projected Global Trends in Hematological Malignancies: Incidence, Mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years from 2020 to 2030

Introduction: Hematological malignancies encompass a diverse group of conditions affecting the blood and its components, including anemia, bleeding disorders, hematologic malignancies, and inherited blood disorders. These disorders have a substantial impact on global health, posing challenges for health care systems worldwide. Understanding the future trends in the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with hematological malignancies is crucial for effective health care planning and resource allocation. This study was designed to project the global trends in hematological malignancies from 2020 to 2030 and provide insights into the anticipated burden of these conditions. Methods: Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were utilized to forecast trends in the incidence, deaths, and DALYs associated with hematological malignancies between 2020 and 2030. EAPCs were derived using generalized additive models and data from the Global Burden of Disease study spanning from 1990 to 2019. The analysis involved utilizing a comprehensive and systematic approach, incorporating data from multiple sources, including population-based surveys, disease registries, health care databases, and vital statistics. Age-specific and sex-specific incidence rates, mortality rates, and DALYs were calculated for each specific hematological disorder. Advanced statistical modeling techniques, including time series analysis and predictive modeling, were employed to estimate future trends. The projections took into account demographic changes, epidemiological transitions, and advancements in medical technology. Results: The projections for the next decade indicate a varied trend in the age-standardized incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates of hematological malignancies globally. By 2030, the incidence rates per 100,000 individuals are expected to rise to 0.045 for multiple myeloma (EAPC = 1.70%), 0.016 for leukemia (EAPC = 0.79%), 0.012 for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (EAPC = 1.65%), and 0.002 for Hodgkin lymphoma (EAPC = 0.55%). The global age-standardized mortality rates associated with hematological malignancies show a differential trend. The mortality rates per 100,000 population are projected to increase to 0.016 for multiple myeloma (EAPC = 1.68%) and 0.008 for leukemia (EAPC = 0.40%). On the other hand, a decrease in mortality rate is expected for Hodgkin lymphoma (EAPC = -0.13%), while non-Hodgkin lymphoma exhibits a rise in mortality rate to 0.007 (EAPC = 1.31%). Similarly, the DALY rates per 100,000 population are expected to increase to 0.242 for multiple myeloma (EAPC = 1.54%) and 0.174 for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (EAPC = 0.90%). In contrast, the DALY rates for leukemia and Hodgkin lymphoma are projected to decrease to 0.248 (EAPC = -0.62%) and 0.023 (EAPC = -0.50%), respectively. In terms of geographical distribution, China is expected to face a considerable surge in the total number of hematological malignancy cases, with an estimate of approximately 859,692 cases by 2030. Globally, the total number of hematological malignancy cases is projected to reach approximately 4,634,937. The projected total number of hematological malignancy cases by 2030 across different levels of SDI are as follows: 1,113,313 cases in high-SDI areas, 1,004,403 cases in high-middle SDI areas, 475,496 cases in low-SDI areas, 795,475 cases in low-middle SDI areas, and 1,244,424 cases in middle-SDI areas. Conclusions: The projected global trends in hematological malignancies highlight the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to address this growing burden. Prevention and early detection programs should be strengthened to mitigate the increasing incidence of these malignancies . Accurate diagnosis, appropriate management, and access to affordable treatments are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Health care systems must allocate adequate resources, including health care infrastructure, skilled health care professionals, and specialized services, to effectively manage the growing impact of hematological malignancies . Furthermore, collaboration among health care providers, researchers, policy-makers, and patient advocacy groups is essential to develop and implement evidence-based strategies that can alleviate the future challenges posed by hematological malignancies.

Assessment of Knowledge Regarding Antenatal Care among Men in Selected Rural Areas of Himachal Pradesh

Background: WHO defined health as the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity, but it includes ability to lead socially and economically productive life.1 Being a man or women has a significant impact on health, as a result of both biological as well as gender related differences. Antenatal care (ANC) is most important aspect of women‘s reproductive health. The antenatal care is the care provided by skilled health care professionals to pregnant women and adolescent girls to ensure best health conditions for mother and baby during pregnancy. It reduces maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality both directly, through detections and indirectly, through the identification of women and girls at increased risk of developing complications during labour, delivery and ensuring appropriate level of care.1 As per NFHS- 4, the 21% of pregnant women utilised full ANC, ranging from 2.3–65.9% across states. Overall, 51.6% had 4 or more ANC visits, 30.8% consumed IFA for at least 100 days and 91.1% had one or more doses of tetanus toxoid. Full ANC utilisation was inequitable across place of residence, caste, and maternal education. Registration of pregnancy, utilisation of government‘s Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and health insurance coverage were associated with higher odds of full ANC utilisation. Lower maternal education, lower wealth quintile, lack of father‘s participation during antenatal visits, higher birth order, teenage and unintended pregnancy were associated with lower odds of full ANC utilisation. This study assesses the knowledge about the antenatal care among married and unmarried men of 18-35 years age in selected rural areas of Himachal Pradesh. Methods: The study was an unmatched case and control design where married men were considered as a case and unmarried men as comparator group. This study was a part of large study for which sample size of 268 men in each group was calculated assuming prevalence of female contraceptives 70% in unmarried men and 85% in married men. This was carried out by cluster-based sampling in villages of Nagrota Bagwan and Shahpur health blocks of DRPGMC Tanda at Kangra. Results: The 93.3% participants among case group are aware of anaemia in pregnancy while only 64.9% among control group are aware of anaemia in pregnancy. The knowledge about all three causes of anaemia was statistically more in case group (61.9%) as compared to control group (38.8%). Assessment about high-risk pregnancy, about 72.4% participants among case group were aware about the risk factors in pregnancy as compared to 43.3% in control group with statistically significant differences (P=0.000). All the causes of high-risk pregnancy were reported by the participants of case group (44.0% vs 29.9%) with statistically significant differences. Conclusions: Married men had significantly more knowledge about various components of antenatal care. The awareness approach for unmarried men needs to be designed regarding antenatal care.

The Ability for Teaching Self-Efficacy by Clinical Preceptors in Diagnostic Medical Sonography

Objective: This study was designed to explore the teaching self-efficacy, by clinical preceptors instructing sonography students, in bachelor’s degree-accredited sonography programs. Materials and Methods: A survey was provided to sonography clinical preceptors, to gauge their level of teaching self-efficacy. The survey instrument, Sonography Preceptor Teaching Self-Efficacy Inventory (SPTSEI) was used. The intent of the survey was to gauge, holistically, sonography preceptors’ perceptions of influencing student learning, in a clinical setting. Results: The survey respondents suggested that they had a high level of confidence in their skill to transmit knowledge and abilities to students. However, it was found that preceptors who had received some type of professional development, as preceptor, had a statistically significant higher level of teaching self-efficacy than those who had not received any type of training. Conclusion: Clinical preceptors are skilled health care professionals in their chosen discipline but may have little to no teaching experience. If preceptors do not fully understand their role in the educational process, both they and their students may not attain educational goals. It is therefore critically important that proper training and education, to support clinical preceptors, be provided for them. This survey would suggest that clinical preceptors, with training, can better perform their educational roles and better handle any challenges that might arise, as a part of providing clinical education.

Managing diabetes in the psychiatric in-patient setting: knowledge, attitudes and skills of healthcare professionals.

There is currently a lack of monitoring and standardisation of diabetes care in the National Health Service (NHS) psychiatric in-patient setting. We surveyed healthcare professionals in psychiatric in-patient units across England to understand current diabetes care. A 13-item questionnaire was piloted via think-aloud interviews. The survey was completed by healthcare professionals across 19 wards in 11 NHS mental health trusts. Results were analysed via descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Of 150 respondents, 98% agreed that addressing physical health needs was an important part of the mental health team's role; 68% agreed that they had adequate skills and knowledge to manage diabetes safely. Thematic analysis identified themes relating to individual, organisational and patient-level factors. Psychiatric admission could be used opportunistically to improve the healthcare disparities for people with comorbid diabetes and severe mental illness. This national survey highlights areas that need to be addressed to optimise diabetes care in this setting.

Health sciences lifelong learning and professional development in the era of artificial intelligence

IntroductionIn the field of healthcare, lifelong learning is considered a quality indicator due to its potential to enhance healthcare services and the knowledge and skills of healthcare professionals. The purpose of this research is to investigate and document the attitudes and behavior of healthcare professionals from different healthcare institutions toward lifelong learning using artificial intelligence. The study achieves two objectivesIdentifying healthcare professionals' interest in formal lifelong learning and determining how they engage in lifelong learning. Additionally, this study aims to develop a dynamic web platform with several key features including an introduction page, navigation menu, document download form, document table, and download, delete, and resume buttons. MethodologyThe study was conducted from 07/04/2022 to 19/05/2022 and involved a sample of 114 healthcare professionals from various locations in Morocco. A questionnaire comprising three sections (personal information, lifelong learning for personal development, and lifelong learning for professional development) was used as the research instrument. ResultsThe average age of the participants was 43 years, and 76.8% had more than 11 years of experience in the field. The results indicate a correlation between professional development and lifelong learning among healthcare professionals. The two most important factors driving lifelong learning were identified as the advancement of the healthcare profession and the need to elevate the quality of care. Also, this research objective is to develop a dynamic online platform featuring an introduction page, navigation menu, document download form, document table, and download, delete, and resume buttons. ConclusionsAccording to the findings, healthcare professionals consider lifelong learning an ongoing and continuous process essential to their work.

Designing a wholly online, multidisciplinary Master of Cancer Sciences degree

BackgroundImproving oncology-specific knowledge and skills of healthcare professionals is critical for improving the outcomes of people with cancer. Many current postgraduate education offerings may be inaccessible to busy professionals, contain minimal consumer input or do not focus on the multidisciplinary nature of cancer care. In response to these needs, a Master of Cancer Sciences degree was developed. Our aim is to describe the development of the Master of Cancer Sciences.MethodsWe describe the development of the Master of Cancer Sciences, including its theoretical and its pedagogical underpinnings.ResultsOur approach to curriculum design was guided by Kern’s Six-Step Approach to Medical Curriculum and underpinned by the Seven Principles of Online Learning. These approaches were further underpinned by the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning which informed our approach to audio and visual information design. The pedagogy is interactive, experiential, interprofessional and importantly, includes consumers as educators. In practice, learning activities include peer feedback, multidisciplinary team meeting simulations, group work and clinical role plays. The online environment was visually shaped through infographics, high-quality educational videos and gamification.ConclusionWe have designed a Master of Cancer Sciences that is one of the first wholly online, cancer-specific Masters’ programs. Its industry-led curriculum using evidence-based pedagogical choices utilises a range of novel digital formats and integrates the consumer perspective to provide a holistic overview of the field. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of learning outcomes is ongoing.

Enabling Adults With Severe Asthma to Exercise: A Qualitative Examination of the Challenges for Patients and Health Care Professionals

Adults living with severe asthma have lower physical activity levels, particularly high intensity physical activity, compared to their healthy peers. Physical inactivity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to understand patient and healthcare professional attitudes to exercise to inform future strategies for the improvement of healthy lifestyle behaviours, including exercise. Participants recruited from a specialist Difficult Asthma Service were interviewed individually, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) from primary care, secondary care and a tertiary centre were invited to attend focus groups. Interviews and focus groups were transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was performed on interviews and focus groups separately, followed by an adapted framework analysis to analyse datasets together. Twenty-nine people with severe asthma participated in a semi-structured interview. 51 HCPs took part in 8 focus groups across the East Midlands, UK. Final analysis resulted in 3 major themes: Barriers to exercise and exercise counselling whereby patients and HCPs identified disease and non-disease factors impacting on those living with severe asthma; Attitudes towards HCPsupportfor exercise highlighting education needs for HCPs and preference for supervised exercise programmes; Areas for system improvement insupportingHCPs describing the challenges existing across services that limit patient support. The important role of HCPs in supporting and advising on lifestyle change was identified by patients. Despite a preference for supervised exercise programmes, both patient and HCP barriers existed. To meet patients' varied support needs, improved integration of services is required and HCP skills need extending.

Benefits of Investing on Mother and Child Healthcare in Tanzania

Purpose: Maternal and child healthcare play crucial role in reducing global mortality rates, with a significant impact on the overall burden of disease. The Sustainable Development Goal 3 aims to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births by 2030. Sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania, carries a high burden of mortality rates and experiences a significant share of maternal and child deaths, exacerbating the global figures. The average prevalence of below 5 years mortality in SSA between 2010 and 2018 was 4.10% according to Ahinkorah (2021). Recognizing the severity of this issue, the government of Tanzania through the Development Agenda 2025, Draft health policy 2020 and the current Health Sector strategic plan 2021-2026 plans to reduce infant and maternal mortality rates through mother and child healthcare investment. The Health Sector Strategic Plan focuses on strengthening the health systems in the country and aims to sustain the achievements made in enhancing the health of reproductive, maternal, newborn, children, and adolescent populations. This study sought to assess the benefits of investing on mother and child healthcare in Tanzania. The study was guided by the investment commodity theory developed by the economist John Maynard Keynes in 1936. The study evaluated the current status of mother and child health indicators, the benefits of investing in mother and child health on overall health outcomes and identified the existing gaps and challenges in the provision, access and utilization of mother and child healthcare services in Tanzania.&#x0D; Methodology: The study was a desktop review-based study which relied on existing published information, data, and literature.&#x0D; Findings: The study found out that there have been improvements in certain areas of mother and child health indicators but maternal and child mortality rates remain high. Health interventions such as vaccination programs, improved access to healthcare services, and the use of maternal and child health insurance cards showed positive effects on reducing child mortality, improving child health outcomes, and enhancing maternal healthcare utilization. The significant gaps and challenges in the provision, access, and utilization of mother and child healthcare services include disparities in access to healthcare services based on factors such as education level and wealth status, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, long distances to health facilities, sociocultural barriers, and financial constraints.&#x0D; Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends strengthening of healthcare infrastructure, enhancing access to maternal and child healthcare services, especially for vulnerable populations, promoting health education and raising awareness about maternal and child healthcare practices, addressing the shortage of skilled healthcare professionals, improving data collection and use and monitoring of maternal and child health indicators, addressing socio-cultural barriers that hinder access and utilization of healthcare services and increasing investment in mother and child health care programs through allocate adequate resources.