Health Skills Research Articles

Alarming Increase in Electronic Gadget Usage among Students during a Layer of the Global Pandemic

Purpose: Every day, new technologies and appealing devices are released that are aimed at a large portion of our population, particularly youth, and students. These devices get young people addicted; the addiction is to frequently utilize or grow depending on the gadget. People spend a lot of time on it, and it can induce psychological and neurological disturbances, which can lead to significant problems. This study aims to determine the association between the usage of electronic gadgets on students’ physical health and cognitive skills. As COVID-19 indicated extensive use of technology, the main outcome of this study is to intervene in the impact of electronic gadgets either positive or negative on student life.
 Methodology: Over 01 year (Feb 21 to Jan 22), this Quantitative- Analytical Cross-sectional study was conducted at Indus University of Health and science, Korangi Crossing, Karachi. Students of three academic departments of the university participated in the study i.e., Indus College of Allied Health Sciences, Indus College of Physical Therapy, and College of Nursing. Sample size of 170 with the margin of error as 4.6% and 95% confidence level. Both male and female age group between (16 to 35) active user of social media and electronic gadgets was enrolled in study from any discipline (nursing, allied health, biosciences, medical technology etc.). Any person with mental and physical disorder previously diagnosed or under any psychological treatment or medication was not included in the study
 Findings: 
 Recommendations: If the study is repeated with a larger and more representative sample (which was not possible due to COVID Pandemic) significant influence or otherwise, of time spent on electronic gadgets on physical health could also be detected.
 
 
 

Оценка приверженности здоровому образу жизни студентов медицинского вуза как основа формирования профилактических программ

A student’s commitment to a healthy lifestyle (HLS) is determined by their values, worldview, level of awareness about the risk factors and knowledge of the measures to reduce them, where the result of programs for the formation of health skills depends, in turn, on the commitment of a particular person to the implementation of certain recommendations. To manage healthy lifestyle programs, sertain tools are needed to assess the level of knowledge and readiness to comply with health-preserving guidelines. Objective of the study: to study the informational and behavioral component of the commitment to a healthy lifestyle of medical students. Methods and materials. 686 students of the first (368 people) and third (320 people) courses were selected for the study of commitment to a healthy lifestyle. With the help of the questionnaire “Awareness of the main parameters of a healthy lifestyle” and the questionnaire “Study of a healthy lifestyle”, according to a specially developed methodology, the awareness of the main parameters of a healthy lifestyle, the degree of their implementation by the respondent and the opinion about the factors influencing the formation of a healthy lifestyle were studied. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the programs Statistica 5.0 and Microsoft Office Excel. Results. The main factors influencing the commitment to a healthy lifestyle among medical students are low levels of awareness of the theoretical foundations of a healthy lifestyle and motivation to maintain it. Negative trends in commitment to a healthy lifestyle are more clearly manifested by the third year: students’ self-evaluation of their own health is falling, the proportion of respondents who assess their health as “mediocre” and “bad” is growing, the proportion of students with optimal physical activity and normal body weight is decreasing. Gender differences were found: young men are less committed to taking care of their own health. The ranking of risk factors according to the degree of influence on health showed that, according to the students, the leading factors are those directly related to their lifestyle: systematic lack of sleep and study overload. Opposite opinions of students on the influence of certain factors on their health were found, which may be due to both the lack of information and its incorrect interpretation. Objectivity of the assessment of students’ awareness of the main parameters of a healthy lifestyle using an individual scoring showed that the average score of “awareness” of the first year is 3.8, the third – 8.2 points. The point expression of awareness can be used in assessing the effectiveness of the theoretical part of the programs for the formation of a healthy lifestyle. Scope of the results. The results of the study can serve as an information stage in the development of healthy lifestyle programs for students, as well as for the formation of approaches to the development of an evaluation scale for the effectiveness of such programs.

How can scope of practice be described and conceptualised in medical and health professions? A systematic review for scoping and content analysis.

The term scope of practice (SOP) refers to the limits of a health professional's knowledge, skills and experience and reflects all tasks and activities they undertake within the context of their professional role. Inconsistency in definitions of SOP contributes to uncertainty and confusion regarding professional practice boundaries and potentially impacts societal access to safe, effective and efficient healthcare options. The aim of this paper is to understand the conceptual diversity that may exist in terminology used to describe medical, nursing/midwifery and allied health SOP within an Australian practice context exemplar. A systematic review for scoping and content analysis of SOP definitions and concepts, involving inductive thematic analysis and synthesis of published and grey literature. The initial search strategy yielded 11,863 hits, of which 379 were suitable for inclusion. Data coding identified various SOP terms and definitions and the emergence of six, conceptual elements underpinning the theoretical construct. These were subsequently proposed as a preliminary conceptual model ('Solar') to explain how the six conceptual elements may be applied across various professions, clinical settings and jurisdictions to better understand and address current and evolving SOP issues. The findings of this study highlight limited consistency in SOP definitions and terminology within a single jurisdiction, and the conceptual complexity of the underlying theoretical construct. Further research is required to build on the proposed 'Solar' conceptual model and create a universal SOP definition across jurisdictions, to enhance understanding of the importance of SOP to workforce policy, clinical governance, service models and patient outcomes.

The Influence Of The Personal And Social Responsibility Teaching Model (TPSR) And The Cooperative Model On Life Proficiency In Physical, Sport And Health Education

Life skills as skills needed to overcome the demands and demands of everyday life to see an increase in life skills in research students used two learning models, namely the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) model and the cooperative model. The purpose of this study was to find out how much influence the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) model and cooperative model had on life skills in physical education, sports and health. The research method in this study is to use a comparative experimental method, comparative research to find out whether two variables or more than two groups have differences in the aspects or variables studied. The experimental research design used in this study was the Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The samples used in this study were 15 students in the TPSR group and 15 students in the cooperative group. With the application of the TPSR learning model which aims to improve aspects of students' life skills, the average pretest score = 150.13 and the posttest average score = 166.40 with a difference in score of 16.27. As for the cooperative learning model which aims to improve aspects of students' life skills, the average pretest score = 112.27 and the posttest average score = 158.33 with a difference in score of 46.07. Thus, the difference in the average value of the TPSR learning model is smaller than the difference in the average value of the cooperative learning model, so that it can be concluded that the cooperative learning model has more influence on students' life skills.

Integrated person- and people-centred primary care for diabetes in low- and middle-income countries: The nurses' perspective on patient needs.

The aim of this study was to identify what nurses working in primary care settings perceive as necessary to support the life needs of people with type 2 diabetes. Articulate these needs with the needs expressed by people with diabetes in a previous study. Finally, illustrate the potential of the used method. A highly structured qualitative group method for brainstorming and idea sharing was used to generate a participant-owned concept map that can support and evaluate practice change. Data were collected between April and May 2022 in two public primary healthcare centres in Sacaba, Bolivia, with 33 professional nurses, technical nurses, nurse trainees and one physician. The concept mapping process by Trochim was used to generate, share and structure ideas, maximizing equality of input. The nurses identified 73 unique needs that were structured in 11 conceptual clusters related to four different stakeholders or domains: organization of care and health policy, strengthening knowledge, skills and attitudes of healthcare providers, empower people living with diabetes and their family, and community-level health promotion and diabetes education. The needs and domains identified by nurses and people with type 2 diabetes are very similar and inform a multisectoral and transdisciplinary action plan to jointly monitor and evaluate progress towards people-centred care for people with diabetes. This study demonstrates nurses' important contribution to analysing and designing people-centred care in their community. They identify and act upon social determinants of health related to schools, safety and legislation. Besides global relevance, results inform the municipal health plan and an ongoing research project on cardiometabolic health. Data from prior patient consultations were included in the study design, and study results inform the municipal health plan.

Clinical Leadership and Integration of Triple Bottom Line for Planetary Health

The accelerating global concern of climate change and its link with human health requires sustainability to be a crucial part of healthcare quality. The protection of planetary health in the context of ecological and social determinants of health require the integration of all aspects of health services including the professionals, management, and administration. Clinical health professionals particularly hold a critical position in this scenario, as they are mandated to protect individuals and communities from diseases caused or accelerated by environmental factors. Therefore, to combat the negative impacts of climate change on human health, the trusted voice of clinicians needs to be raised for communicating climate risks and solutions to patients, the public, and policymakers.
 Medical colleges’ curricula and continuing education programs require an alignment of climate and health education. This will equip future and current health professionals with skills for planetary health, regardless of their area of health focus. Clinical teaching and training with an updated medical education curriculum focusing on prevention; self-care; patient empowerment; lean service delivery such as community-based interventions; minimizing waste of medications and consumables, and low carbon emission alternatives is imperative to health service’s contribution in enhancing the quality of ecological sustainability.
 It has been documented that if the healthcare sector is ranked as a country, it would be the 5th largest CO2 emitter in the world with 4.4% global net emissions of greenhouse gases.1 The WHO has recently reported that 60% of healthcare facilities in the global south are ill equipped to handle existing waste loads. The healthcare community, clinicians, and hospital management are well-placed to play a vital role as change agents with Health in All Policies approach by protecting health during the current climate crises. An eco-friendly, equitable, interprofessional, and transdisciplinary approach is required to create a resilient healthcare sector that works harmoniously with nature while coping with increasing disease burdens and challenges to healthcare infrastructure.
 The triple bottom line is a holistic framework that helps organizations consider the environmental, social, and economic costs of their actions.2 In a healthcare setting, triple bottom line incorporates environmental and social impacts with patient-based outcomes and financial costs to measure the sustainability of healthcare interventions and services.2 It is an approach to reduce the adverse effects of healthcare delivery on the environment by incorporating improved sustainable quality and resource stewardship. The overall sustainable value is measured when the patient-based outcomes comprising utilization of a system, service, or process in healthcare are weighed against the “planet, people, and profit”.
 In conclusion, embedding sustainability principles, core knowledge, and practice in health professional expertise; the voice of clinicians in advocacy and policy to minimize healthcare sector greenhouse gases and ecologic footprint; and cross-sectoral solutions to the climate crisis are the only way forward for sustainable healthcare and the planet.
 Editor-in-Chief

ASSURE 모형 기반의 ASEAN 맞춤형 역량기반 보편적건강보장 연수프로그램 개발

Purpose: This study aims to design and propose a customized international training program for ASEAN countries based on competency-based education, following the six stages of the ASSURE model design. Originality: Korea is facing an opportune time to lead global health issues due to the increase in international recognition and demand for K-quarantine in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, Southeast Asian countries are experiencing growing demand for COVID-19 response and improving the quality of life for their citizens. Although ASEAN countries have made progress in achieving universal health coverage by improving healthcare accessibility and expanding the scope of health insurance, there is a need for cooperation in strengthening healthcare systems and building healthcare human resources. Against this background, there is a need for a strategic health cooperation project to establish universal health coverage in ASEAN and to improve the specialized skills of local health and medical personnel through education programs. However, research on systematic models of international health education training programs using curriculum models is inadequate, and studies proposing ASEAN-customized international health education training program models are also insufficient. Methodology: Therefore, this study utilized content analysis to conduct a literature review of the current status of universal health coverage in ASEAN countries and surveyed the needs of participants in international training programs to develop an ASEAN-customized training program using the ASSURE model. Result: The study secured an education and training module based on bidirectional communication and designed an education process focused on the needs of the training participants. Finally, an ASEAN-customized competency-based education international training program was designed and proposed. Conclusion and Implication: The systematically developed education and training program can be utilized not only as an ASEAN-customized curriculum but also as basic data for developing a systematic model of international health education based on competency-centered education. It can also be applied as a guideline for developing educational curricula using curriculum models. Moreover, it can contribute to sustainable health cooperation between Korea and ASEAN countries.

Analysis of subjective signs in patients after secondary glaucoma surgeries

Purpose Implementation of quality-of-life standards for patients with secondary glaucoma after surgery. Material and methods Data analysis included secondary surgical glaucoma patients with a time interval of 4 years. Patients were followed up to 3 years after surgery to answer questions related to subjective perceptions after the surgical intervention (pain, discomfort, near vision, distance vision, intermediate vision, and normal activity). We were also interested in the overall quality of life and the effect on the patient's psyche when performing certain surgical techniques. Results As part of the questionnaire, patients were asked 36 questions. Responses were received from 98 patients. Thirty-five respondents (97.2%) of patients who underwent cyclocryopexy reported tolerable, minimal, or no pain during and immediately after surgery, with the majority of patients reporting minimal pain. Twenty-one patients (58.3%) did not complain of pain until one year after surgery. According to the survey, 16 respondents (25%) had undergone trabeculectomy. Most respondents reported tolerable pain during surgery, minimal pain for 2 weeks after surgery, and no or minimal pain 2 years after surgery. Eleven respondents (68.8%) answered that their eyesight improved in daily life, but the majority of nine (56.3%) did not notice any change in their vision during short-distance movement, short-distance work, or reading. Most serious problems had patients after cyclocryocoagulation or enucleation of the eye globe. Conclusion Secondary glaucoma surgery for every patient should be personalized and tailored to the patient's every need, taking into account the patient's current health status, knowledge and skills as well as socioeconomic circumstances.

뷰티 서비스전문가의 자기관리 측정도구 개발

This study attempted to develop self-management scales for beauty professionals and verify their validity. For this, a survey was performed against 412 beauty professionals, and data were collected and analysis. Then, the results found the followings: First, based on self-management construct for beauty professionals, 59 questions in 6 categories were prepared. The collected data were analyzed by item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The 6 categories include Health Management, Skills Management, Non-contact Management, Appearance Management and Knowledge Management. Second, to verify the validity of self-management scales for beauty professionals (25 questions in 6 categories), construct validity and predictive validity were analyzed. Since standardized regression coefficients, average variance extracted (AVE) and construct reliability (CR) met the convergence requirements of previous studies, convergent validity was secured. In addition, discriminant validity was confirmed because AVE was higher than latent variable square. Furthermore, predictive validity was supported since statistically significant influence was observed in relationships between organizational commitment and self-efficacy.

Evaluation of the Behavioral Determinants of Infant Oral Hygiene Practices in a Rural Area.

Background Dental caries is one of the most common oral health diseases in children. Early childhood caries (ECC) in children can lead to delayed overall growth in the future. This can be prevented by early initiation of infant oral hygiene practices (IOHP). As mothers are the primary caregivers, assessing their behavioral factors that play a significant role in IOHPcan help design a customized health prevention plan for appropriate infant oral hygiene practices. Methodology A questionnaire based-study was carried out in an Anganwadi(rural child care center in India) of Nagpur region,Central India, for two months. Parents of young children were interviewed about the oral health care of children. The study was planned to evaluate the various methods used by parents to perform IOHP and to identify various behavioral determinants that affect IOHP. An integrative model of behavior change was used to evaluate factors determining the behavioral determinants in performing oral hygiene. Results Out of 144 parents, 105 (72.92%) initiated IOHP immediately after birth. Most of them (76, 52.78%) used a moist cloth to clean the oral cavity. The other methods used were the parent's finger, water, etc. Most of the parents were unaware of commercially available oral wipes.Out of the various factors of behavioral determinants of integrative theory, oral health beliefs, emotional reactions, self-standard, and skills played a significant role in modifying parents' intention to maintain the oral hygiene of young children. There was a direct correlation between the educational qualification of the mother and oral hygiene practices. Conclusion The results of this study reveal an integrative structure that includes factors like oral health beliefs, emotional reactions, self-standard, external support, social norms, and skills that are responsible for the behavior of parents towards oral health care. These factors vary from individual to individual. Modifying these specific behavioral determinants in parents could improve the oral hygiene practices of infants and toddlers. Community-based oral health care programs should be tailormade to target these specific barriers.

Fostering pupils' critical health literacy: examining the potential of physical education in lower secondary school.

In Norway, the introduction of an interdisciplinary subject named Public Health and Life skills has brought about renewed attention to how health is conceptualized and taught within and across school subjects. Physical education (PE) is one subject that has traditionally been linked to health outcomes. However, a narrow focus on increased physical activity as the main outcome of PE could be counterproductive in the pursuit of health. Critical health literacy (CHL) is put forward as a resource for health that can be nurtured in the PE context; this study hypothesizes that academic achievement in PE is positively associated with some aspects of CHL. This cross-sectional study included 521 pupils aged 13-15 years old from five lower secondary schools in Norway. Structural equation models were used as the primary statistical analysis to test the hypothesis. The study controlled for parents' education, leisure physical activity, and participation in sports club activities. The results confirm the hypothesis, showing a positive and significant association between PE and CHL. The association remains when controlling for parents' education, leisure physical activity, and participation in sports club activities (PE→CHL-C1 = 0.264, p = 0.001; PE→CHL-C2 = 0.351, p < 0.000). In our sample, academic achievement in PE was associated with higher levels of CHL. This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on the health benefits of PE. We argue that a resource-based health perspective can produce the appropriate aims for health in PE contexts and that the CHL concept contributes to illuminating key areas, promoting suitable teaching strategies, and bringing balance between an individual and collective focus for future health education, both within PE and across different subjects in school contexts.

The Impact of an Online Post-Graduate Interdisciplinary Mental Health Programme on Graduates’ Confidence and Practice

This study aimed to examine the experiences of graduates of online interdisciplinary postgraduate mental health programmes in Australia. The program was delivered in 6-week terms. Seven graduates from diverse backgrounds were interviewed about their experiences with the course and its impact on their practice, confidence, professional identity, views on mental health service users, and their motivation for additional learning. The interviews were recorded and transcribed and underwent thematic content analysis. The graduates reported an increase in confidence and knowledge after completing the course, which led to a change in their views and attitudes towards service users. They appreciated the examination of psychotherapies and motivational interviewing, and applied their newly acquired skills and knowledge in their practice. The course was found to have improved their clinical practice. This study highlights a departure from traditional pedagogical approaches in mental health skill acquisition, as the entire program was delivered online. There is a need for further research to determine who might benefit most from this mode of delivery and to verify the competencies acquired by graduates in real-world situations. Online mental health courses are a feasible option and have been positively received by graduates. To enable graduates to participate in transforming mental health services, systemic change and recognition of their capabilities, particularly those from non-traditional backgrounds, is required. The results of this study suggest the potential for online postgraduate programs to play a significant role in transforming mental health services.

Target users' acceptance of a pharmacist-led prescribing service for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a highly effective way to reduce virus transmission. There have been increasing calls to improve access to PrEP in Canada. One way to improve access is by having more prescribers available. The objective of this study was to determine target users' acceptance of a PrEP-prescribing service by pharmacists in Nova Scotia. A triangulation, mixed-methods study was conducted consisting of an online survey and qualitative interviews underpinned by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) constructs (affective attitude, burden, ethicality, intervention coherence, opportunity cost, perceived effectiveness and self-efficacy). Participants were those eligible for PrEP in Nova Scotia (men who have sex with men or transgender women, persons who inject drugs and HIV-negative individuals in serodiscordant relationships). Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression were used to analyze survey data. Interview data were deductively coded according to each TFA construct and then inductively coded to determine themes within each construct. A total of 148 responses were captured by the survey, and 15 participants were interviewed. Participants supported pharmacists' prescribing PrEP across all TFA constructs from both survey and interview data. Identified concerns related to pharmacists' abilities to order and view lab results, pharmacists' knowledge and skills for sexual health and the potential for experiencing stigma within pharmacy settings. A pharmacist-led PrEP-prescribing service is acceptable to eligible populations in Nova Scotia. The feasibility of PrEP prescribing by pharmacists should be pursued as an intervention to increase access to PrEP.

“If I had had a me”: the benefits and challenges of involving children with lived experience in youth justice services

PurposeThis study aims to present the findings from an ongoing evaluation of a partnership project between a youth justice service and an independent charity that supports the involvement of children with lived experience of youth justice services in work with other young people who have offended and with policy makers and service providers.Design/methodology/approachThe research involved the secondary analysis of project records and 15 semi-structured interviews with youth justice managers and practitioners and the charity’s staff as well as representatives from external organisations with whom it has worked. The analysis focuses on the nature of activities undertaken, the “theory of change” driving these activities, the perceived benefits of the work as well as some of the challenges involved.FindingsThe findings suggest positive outcomes for children in terms of increased engagement and participation, improvements in confidence and self-esteem and the development of personal, social, health and educational skills. The project represents a compelling example of what child-first diversion looks like in practice.Originality/valueThe article adds to existing knowledge of the benefits and challenges of involving children with recent experience of the youth justice system in service delivery and in co-production work with policy makers and service providers. It also offers insights into recent changes in youth justice policy in England and Wales, in particular the commitment to treating children as children first.

“The GRR Method”: Companion Animals as Partners in Human Stress Management Through Grounding, Relating, and Reframing Skills

With the advent of the COVID pandemic and associated stressors, there is an increased need for strategies to support mental health, stress management, and coping skills.1 The biopsychosocial benefits of human-Animal interaction have been identified as a protective factor for mental health and stress during the pandemic.2 Through incorporating intentional interactions with companion animals in the use of three widely recognized evidence-based coping skills—grounding, relating, and reframing—the GRR Method is delineated as a coping strategy. The GRR Method is not an evidenced-based practice or tested intervention, rather, it is a proposed application strategy for existing evidence-based coping skills through partnership and purposeful interaction with companion animals. Within this article, the human stress response is briefly reviewed to provide a framework in which to situate use of grounding, relating and reframing skills augmented by companion animal interaction. The GRR Method is presented and explicated as a One Health strategy that can benefit both people and animals; issues of animal welfare, consent, and enrichment are explicitly addressed.

Psychosocial Experiences and Challenges of Pregnant Teenagers in GA South Municipality

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the psychosocial challenges of pregnant teenagers in Ga South Municipality. The specific objectives were to: explore the nature of teenage pregnancies, assess psychological challenges affecting pregnant teenagers, assess social challenges of pregnant teenagers and suggest counselling interventions that can ameliorate identified challenges.&#x0D; Methodology: The research design used in this study was qualitative because the study aimed to understand the psychosocial experiences of teenage mothers in schools. The study used a purposive sampling method which is an example of non-probability sampling technique. Pregnant teenagers between ages 10-19 were recruited and in-depth interview (IDI) was carried out. The IDI was chosen because it gives more information on sensitive issues. Data processing and analysis started on the day of the in-depth interview.&#x0D; Findings: The study revealed that multiple factors contribute to the high levels of teenage pregnancy in the Ga South Municipality and most pregnant teenagers go through a lot of psychosocial challenges. The results and findings show that the canker of teenage pregnancy requires a multi-faceted approach at both structural and individual levels to tackle the challenge. Furthermore, poverty and low levels of living conditions in rural areas contributed greatly to high incidence of teenage pregnancy as observed in Ga South Municipality Area. It is recommended that; Ghana Education Service will need to revise its curriculum and enable teachers enhance their knowledge and skills in teenage sexual health and values clarification sessions.&#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Churches and other religious bodies should educate their members about the effects of teenage pregnancy and its impacts on children through counseling and also plan for activities that mostly involve marriage couples.

Scoping Review: The Role of Personal Resilience and Personality Traits of Health Professionals In The Implementation of Interprofessional Collaboration Practice In Hospital

Health workers have a major role in increasing public satisfaction and assessing the quality of hospital health services. To answer and get this, hospitals must pass the accreditation stage through the hospital accreditation committee, namely by having criteria for the National Hospital Accreditation Standard is Interprofessional Collaboration (IPCP) but challenges between fellow professions and from themselves because there is still autonomy from each profession. Autonomy is also a coping method health professionals use to overcome challenges. The purpose is to examine the role of personal resilience and personality traits of health professionals in IPCP implementation in hospitals. A scoping review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines for a scoping review. The study was performed on six databases (PubMed, Clinical Key, ProQuest, EBSCO, Scopus, and Science Direct) for relevant papers published between 2017 and 2021. Search terms included "Resilience AND Personality, "Health Professionals", "Interprofessional Collaboration Practice", AND "Hospital." Eight articles were included in this review. The study showed that personal resilience and personality traits determined the success of IPCP implementation in the hospital, which was influenced by education, training, management support, and hospital facilities and infrastructure. Conclusion: The role of each health professional's personal resilience and personality traits affects the quality of IPCP implementation in the hospital. Recommendation: IPCP can improve the quality of service in hospitals by facilitating health professional knowledge and skills about interprofessional collaboration, especially in implementing case management in hospitals.

Pelatihan Keterampilan Menjaga Kesehatan Mental Melalui Strategi Psiko-Edukatif Remaja Panti Asuhan Putri Aisyiah II Kadipiro, Banjarsari, Surakarta

The purpose of the community service activity with the theme Training in skills to maintain mental health through psychoeducational strategies for adolescents at the Putri Aisyiah II Kadipiro Orphanage, Banjarsari, Surakarta is to equip knowledge and skills to maintain mental health so that they live happily. The target of this community service activity is the realization of mental health skills guidelines that can be used by young members of the Kadipiro Aisyiah II Putri Orphanage, Banjarsari, Surakarta, to realize and maintain a healthy mentality so that they become productive members of society. This community service is carried out by applying the Brenstorming method, Lecture method, Question and answer method, Exercise method and Case studies so that the material is easily accepted by members. The activity was carried out for one month with a frequency of once a week, the place of implementation was at the Kadipiro Aisyiah II Putri Orphanage, Banjarsari, Surakarta. Through this activity the members have the knowledge and skills to maintain mental health, so that they can strengthen the young girls who are members of the orphanage and ultimately the young women become strong and productive members of society. The output of this community service is the publication of scientific articles in journals with ISSN.

How do aspects of selfhood relate to depression and anxiety among youth? A meta-analysis.

Adolescents' sense of self has important implications for their mental health. Despite more than two decades of work, scholars have yet to amass evidence across studies to elucidate the role of selfhood in the mental health of adolescents. Underpinned by the conceptual model of selfhood, this meta-analytic review investigated the strength of associations of different facets of selfhood and their associated traits with depression and anxiety, moderating factors that attenuate or exacerbate these associations, and their causal influences. Using mixed-effects modeling, which included 558 effect sizes from 298 studies and 274 370 adolescents from 39 countries, our findings revealed that adolescents' self-esteem/self-concept [r = -0.518, p < 0.0001; (95% CI -0.49 to -0.547)] and self-compassion [r = -0.455, p < 0.0001; (95% CI -0.568 to -0.343)] demonstrating largest effect sizes in their associations with depression. Self-esteem/self-concept, self-compassion, self-awareness, self-efficacy, and self-regulation had similar moderate negative associations with anxiety. Meta-regressions revealed that adolescent age and type of informants (parents v. adolescents) were important moderators. Findings on causal influences indicated bidirectional causations, particularly low self-esteem/self-concept, self-awareness and self-efficacy drive higher depression and vice-versa. In contrast, the different self traits did not demonstrate specific causal direction with anxiety. These results pinpoint self traits that are pivotal in relating to adolescent mental health functioning. We discussed the theoretical implications of our findings in terms of how they advance theory of selfhood for adolescent mental health, and the practical implications of building selfhood as cultivating psychological skills for mental health.

Establishing the normative and comparative needs of assistive technology provision in Queensland from the agency and funding scheme perspective.

Assistive technology services and devices support the participation and inclusion of people living with disability. In Australia, the regulatory bodies, agencies and schemes that manage assistive technology provision are governed by national and / or state-based Acts and Legislation. This study examined the assistive technology sector from the perspective of the regulatory bodies, agencies and schemes. Regulatory bodies, agencies and schemes that manage funding for assistive technology in Australia were identified by the research team. A website audit reviewed publicly available documents and information. Semi-structured interviews with representatives from the agencies and schemes were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The audit (n =17) found that the range and level of information publicly available was variable. The availability of assistive technology for driving and transport, design and building for access and safety, and mobility was most often promoted. The qualitative findings (n = 11) indicated variability and challenges within four themes: operationalising the legislation; internal assistive technology processes; reasonable and necessary; and risks in the assistive technology pathway. Regulatory bodies, agencies and schemes are critical to the effectiveness of the sector. The findings identified opportunities for the organisations to review how internal processes are communicated publicly, and for the sector to address the perceived risks related to health professional availability, knowledge and skills, and limited accessibility to trial assistive technology. Subsequent studies explored the perspectives of the assistive technology advisors and suppliers and the recipients of assistive technology services and devices.