Athletic Skills Research Articles

Futsal training based on mini game situation: Effects on mastery of athlete techniques

The aim of the study is to identify the influence of providing mini game situation and full game session training methods at the level of youth players' futsal playing skills. This is experimental study with 30 youth futsal athletes of Banyumas Regency (Age= M 16.2 ± SD 0.761), divided into two experimental groups design. Futsal skill instruments are used to analyze the mastery of an athlete's technique as measured by the speed of time in completing a task. The variables analyzed relate to the main techniques in the game of futsal: passing, controlling, dribbling, and shooting. In this regard, the results showed that the value obtained from the mini game situation exercise is higher than the full game session and a significant difference is found in the results of both exercises (M ± 47.00; p = 0.012), while the value of the influence of full game session (M ± 49.00 ; p = 0.003). It is seen that more complex practice patterns will improve the player's skills progressively. Overall, these findings suggest that coaches need to take into account the effective use of exercise to support the improvement of futsal skills in adolescent athletes.

Attention and executive control in varsity athletes engaging in strategic and static sports.

Examining non-sport-related cognitive tasks of attention and executive control in skilled athletes may provide insight into the acquisition of highly specific skills developed in experts as well as help identify successful performance in sport. Through a cross-sectional design, this study examined performance on aspects of attention and executive control among varsity athletes playing soccer (strategic sport) or track & field (static sport) using a computerized test of attention and executive control. Ninety-seven university athletes participating in soccer (n = 50) or track and field (n = 47) were included in the study. Domains of attention and executive control were examined using the Attention Network Test-Interactions (ANT-I). Mean reaction time (RT) and intra-individual variability (IIV) were compared between groups as measures of performance speed and performance stability respectively. Soccer players demonstrated overall faster RTs (p = 0.0499; ηp2 = .04) and higher response accuracy (p = .021, d = .48) on the ANT-I compared to track and field athletes. Faster RTs were observed for soccer players when presented with an alerting tone (p = .029, d = .45), valid orienting cue (p = .019, d = .49) and incongruent flanker (p = .031, d = .45). No significant group differences were observed in IIV (p = .083, d = .36). Athletes engaging in strategic sports (i.e., soccer) demonstrated faster performance under test conditions that required higher vigilance and conflict resolution. These findings suggest that engagement in strategic sports is associated with enhanced performance on non-sport-related cognitive tasks of attention and executive control.

Increasing the level of special working capacity of athletes in ukrainian belt wrestling at the stage of preparation for main competitions

Increasing the popularity of national belt wrestling in the world, gave impulse to the revival of historical, national and cultural traditions in countries where developing national wrestling. It forces professionals in the field of physical culture and sports to work on improving the methodology of training in wrestling, increasing the level of development of physical qualities, improving the methodology of formation of motor skills and abilities inherent in this type of belt wrestling.
 Ukrainian national belt wrestling was acknowledged as a sport in Ukraine in 2003, the Ukrainian Federation of Ukrainian Belt Wrestling has 14 regional centers that develop Ukrainian belt wrestling. In 2020, an international federation of Ukrainian belt wrestling was founded, which included 15 states from different continents of the world that began to cultivate Ukrainian belt wrestling.
 The aim of the study: to increase the level of special physical skills of athletes to prepare for Ukrainian belt wrestling at the stage of the highest international competitions.
 Research methods: theoretical (analysis of scientific-methodical, normative-legal and historical literature), empirical (pedagogical observation, testing of the level of physical skills, medical and biological research methods), mathematical methods of research processing.
 Conclusions. Studies indicate a positive effect of training regimens on the development of speed and strength endurance on the body of athletes and special physical performance. VCL indicators of the experimental group increased by 13.7%, in special physical performance the highest results were observed for the indicator that characterizes the technical readiness of athletes - the speed of throws, which increased in the experimental group by 22.5%, control group 5.8%. Speed endurance (running 4x24 m) increased by 16.3% in the experimental group and 3.9% in the control group.

Egocentric Chunking in the Predictive Brain: A Cognitive Basis of Expert Performance in High-Speed Sports.

What principles and mechanisms allow humans to encode complex 3D information, and how can it be so fast, so accurately and so flexibly transformed into coordinated action? How do these processes work when developed to the limit of human physiological and cognitive capacity—as they are in high-speed sports, such as alpine skiing or motor racing? High-speed sports present not only physical challenges, but present some of the biggest perceptual-cognitive demands for the brain. The skill of these elite athletes is in many ways an attractive model for studying human performance “in the wild”, and its neurocognitive basis. This article presents a framework theory for how these abilities may be realized in high-speed sports. It draws on a careful analysis of the case of the motorsport athlete, as well as theoretical concepts from: (1) cognitive neuroscience of wayfinding, steering, and driving; (2) cognitive psychology of expertise; (3) cognitive modeling and machine learning; (4) human-in-the loop modellling in vehicle system dynamics and human performance engineering; (5) experimental research (in the laboratory and in the field) on human visual guidance. The distinctive contribution is the way these are integrated, and the concept of chunking is used in a novel way to analyze a high-speed sport. The mechanisms invoked are domain-general, and not specific to motorsport or the use of a particular type of vehicle (or any vehicle for that matter); the egocentric chunking hypothesis should therefore apply to any dynamic task that requires similar core skills. It offers a framework for neuroscientists, psychologists, engineers, and computer scientists working in the field of expert sports performance, and may be useful in translating fundamental research into theory-based insight and recommendations for improving real-world elite performance. Specific experimental predictions and applicability of the hypotheses to other sports are discussed.

Relationship between Coping Strategies and Sport Performance among Uitm Seremban 3 Athletes

Coping strategies are essential for athletes that have stress problems. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the athletes cannot go out to training, so some of them will feel stressed, which can decrease their performance. Coping strategies can help them cope with their stress, which can help them improve their performance. The link between coping strategies and sports performance in UiTM Seremban 3 athletes was examined using a quantitative method. A total of 210 athletes' data were recorded and gathered at UiTM Seremban 3, including 112 males and 98 females representing three faculties. Descriptive Analysis and Pearson Correlation Analysis have been used in determining the relationship between coping strategies and sports performance variables. The questionnaire consists of three sections: section A is the demographic profile, section B is athlete coping skill inventory (ACSI-28), and section C is the psychological performance inventory. The result shows a significant relationship between coping strategies and sports performance. An online survey was doing this research. It is hoped that future research will be done physically so that the researcher can get accurate data from the respondents since they will be able to explain things to them physically. Furthermore, the next researcher could conduct a similar study on gender differences in coping strategies and sports performance.

Effect of the peer teaching learning model on Sickle kick and pencak silat t kick

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the impact of peer teaching learning methods on the ability of the sickle kick and the T-kick of pencak silat. The population in this study was the Pencak Silat Athletes of the Indonesian Satria Muda College of Cirebon City with total sampling technique with a total of 25 people. The instrument in this study is the Peer Teaching Learning Model, measuring kick skills to measure the ability of the sickle kick and T kick skills before and after being given treatment, namely the peer teaching learning model. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the ability of the sickle kick and T kick skills in athletes after being given treatment

Pengaruh Latihan Hurdle Drill Terhadap Peningkatan Keterampilan Tendangan T Pada Atlet Pencak Silat

Mastery of the T kick skill is a basic equipment that must be mastered by athletes in order to achieve achievement. This study aims to determine the effect of hurdle drill exercises on improving T kick skills in pencak silat athletes. Hurdle drill exercises are used to improve power, strength, speed, agility, balance, coordination, and help in improvising aspects of movement such as improving technical movement skills. The method used in this study is an experimental method using The One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample in this study was the athletes of the Student Achievement Pencak Silat Club (PSPP) as many as 16 athletes who were taken using the Total Sampling technique. The data collection technique was carried out by conducting an initial test and then given a hurdle drill exercise treatment by passing the hurdles, then a final test was carried out. The instrument used in this study is the T kick skill test. The results of the hurdle drill exercise have an effect on increasing the T kick skill. So it can be concluded that the exercise using the hurdle drill has a significant effect on improving the T kick skill in pencak silat athletes

A method to inform team sport training activity duration with change point analysis.

Duration is a key component in the design of training activities in sport which aim to enhance athlete skills and physical qualities. Training duration is often a balance between reaching skill development and physiological targets set by practitioners. This study aimed to exemplify change point time-series analyses to inform training activity duration in Australian Football. Five features of player behaviour were included in the analyses: disposal frequency, efficiency, pressure, possession time and player movement velocity. Results of the analyses identified moments of change which may be used to inform minimum or maximum activity durations, depending on a practitioner’s objectives. In the first approach, a univariate analysis determined change points specific to each feature, allowing practitioners to evaluate activities according to a single metric. In contrast, a multivariate analysis considered interactions between features and identified a single change point, reflecting the moment of overall change during activities. Six iterations of a training activity were also evaluated resulting in common change point locations, between 196 and 252 seconds, which indicated alterations to player behaviour between this time period in the training activities conduction. Comparisons of feature segments before and after change points revealed the extent to which player behaviour changed and can guide such duration decisions. These methods can be used to evaluate athlete behaviour and inform training activity durations.

Influence of highlands on the state of human body adaptation

The article identifies and analyses the state of adaptation of the participants of the tourist trip to the conditions of stay in the mountains. The functional reactions of the human body in mountain conditions are affected by a decrease in atmospheric pressure, atmospheric density, decrease in oxygen partial pressure, decrease in humidity, increased solar radiation, and low temperature. Adaptation to the highlands is largely determined by age and athletic skills. Tourists, especially those who came to the mountains for the first time, adapt to new conditions more slowly. A group of tourists made a mountain hike of the III category of complexity lasting 14 days. The travel area was near village Arkhyz. In preparing the route, the goal was to go through a sports route and to determine the impact of the highlands on the human body in practice. It is known that adaptation occurs faster for people who are regularly under conditions of artificial or natural hypoxia. Athletes, who often have endurance loads, can adapt to the conditions of the middle mountains and highlands faster than non-athletes. Also, the process of adaptation is much faster for people who make extensive use of intense physical activity.
 The article shows the dynamics of blood pressure and heart rate of a group of tourists in the highlands. The obtained data characterize the adaptive body reactions.
 After analysing the state of adaptation of the tourist trip participants to the mountain conditions, it can be argued that the period of adaptation of the participants' organisms to the height is different. It could be noticed, that on the eighth day the half of the group had "tension of adaptation mechanisms" and "unsatisfactory adaptation" of the organism to mountainous living conditions, also with the lack of stable adaptation. The rest of the group had better indicators of the state of adaptation on the fifth and sixth day of stay in the highlands. These indicators were characterised as "satisfactory adaptation" with further manifestations of sustainable adaptation, indicating economization of body functions.

The effects of life skills of Korean college student athletes on adaptation and satisfaction in college life

Objective To investigate the effects of college student athletes’ life skills on adaptation and life satisfaction. Participants 246 college student athletes (Mage = 20.24 ± 1.11; 75% of males) who were registered in the Korea Sports Association in South Korea. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used. College student athletes completed self-reported surveys in 2019. Study variables include life skills, adaptation to college, and life satisfaction as performed by bivariate analysis, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. Results Life skills, adaptation to college, and life satisfaction were partially correlated to each other and differed by gender and sport types (p < .05–.01). College student athletes’ life skills were significant predictors of adaptation to college life and life satisfaction. Conclusions Developing and establishing life skills programs in and outside of campus may help promoting college student athletes’ well-being.

ANALISIS KETERAMPILAN DASAR BULUTANGKIS PB GEMILANG MATARAM TAHUN 2021

The problem of this research is that the basic skills of badminton athletes at PB Gemilang Mataram are still not good. This study aims to determine and analyze the level of basic badminton skills at PB Gemilang Mataram in 2021. This type of research is descriptive. The method used is a survey with data collection techniques using tests. The population in this study were athletes from PB Gemilang Mataram in the badminton branch in 2021, totaling 15 male athletes. The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling. The criteria for determining this sample included: (1) athletes who were actively participating in training in 2021,. The instrument in this study consisted of a short serve test, a long serve test, a lob test and a smash test. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis in the form of percentages. Results of basic skills 1). Short service for PB Gemilang Mataram badminton athletes in 2021, (1 person) in the "very high" category or 6.67%, (4 people) in the "high" category or 26.67%, (7 people) in the "medium" category or 46, 67%, (2 people) in the "less" category or 13.33%, and (1 person) in the "very poor" category or 6.67%. 2). long service badminton athlete PB Gemilang Mataram in 2021, (2 people) in the "very high" category or 13.33%, (2 people) in the "high" category or 13.33%, (7 people) in the "medium" category or 46, 67%, (3 people) in the "less" or 20% category, and (1 person) in the "very poor" category or 6.67%. 3). PB Gemilang Mataram badminton athlete lob shot in 2021, (5 people) in the "high" category or 33.33%, (5 people) in the "medium" category or 33.33%, (5 people) in the "less" category or 33.33 %. 4). PB Gemilang Mataram badminton athlete smash hits in 2021, (2 people) in the "very high" category or 13.33%, (8 people) in the "medium" category or 53.33%, (4 people) in the "less" category or 26, 67%, (1 person) in the “very poor” category or 6.67%.

Relationships between Athletic Motor Skill Competencies and Maturity, Sex, Physical Performance, and Psychological Constructs in Boys and Girls.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between athletic motor skill competencies (AMSC), maturation, sex, body mass index, physical performance, and psychological constructs (motivation to exercise, physical self-efficacy, and global self-esteem). Two-hundred and twenty-four children aged 11–13 years old were included in the study and sub-divided by sex. The athlete introductory movement screen (AIMS) and tuck jump assessment (TJA) were used to assess AMSC, while standing long jump distance assessed physical performance. Online surveys examined participants’ motivation to exercise, physical self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Trivial to moderate strength relationships were evident between AMSC and BMI (boys: rs = −0.183; girls: rs = −0.176), physical performance (boys: rs = 0.425; girls: rs = 0.397), and psychological constructs (boys: rs = 0.130–0.336; girls rs = 0.030–0.260), with the strength of relationships different between the sexes. Higher levels of AMSC were related to significantly higher levels of physical performance (d = 0.25), motivation to exercise (d = 0.17), and physical self-efficacy (d = 0.15–0.19) in both boys and girls. Enhancing AMSC may have mediating effects on levels of physical performance and psychological constructs in school-aged children, which may hold important implications for physical activity levels and the development of physical literacy.

Augmented reality technology based on school physical education training

Physical education is a programme that combines skills and athletic experience. Applied coaching in augmented reality (AR) has rarely been utilized in school physical education. Visual coaching has also been used in athletic activities, but it neither includes immersive practice nor equally embodies academic learning and athletic skills. Recently, techno pedagogical methods have been introduced to utilize constructive teaching and learning progressions through information communication techniques (ICT). The main goal of this work is to analyze the effect of teaching by applying increased physical education realities for spatial orientation creation and acquisition in contrast to conventional exhibition education. To educate school students in physical education advancements, the AR method of training is efficient, particularly to obtain better performance in students' engagement in sports. However, the massively augmented reality renderings limit the operating environment to a costlier, high-complexity integrated unit, and it is impossible to run AR simulations on normal computers. Considering the above issues, this article designs and suggests an augmented reality (AR) solution for school physical education training based on augmented reality technologies: a cloud network, Internet of things (IoT), and remote users. AR simulation outcomes explored that sportsperson performance data and input from sports trainers, the positive impact of the augmented reality environment, is demonstrated to enhance the school physical education systems' training and learning ability.

Farklı Değişkenlere Göre Sporcuların Zihinsel Antrenman Becerileri

This study was carried out based on the scanning model in order to examine the mental training skill profiles of athletes according to different variables. 417 athletes (Mean age = 20.62 ± 1.97) participated in the study voluntarily. Personal Information Form and Mental Training Inventory in Sports were applied to the participants. SPSS 25.00 package program was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, T-test for Independent Groups and Pearson Product Moments Correlation. In the findings obtained, in terms of interpersonal skills, female athletes are ahead of male athletes and team athletes than individual athletes; in view of the basic mental skills sub-dimension, it was found that the average scores of individual athletes were higher than team athletes, and the mental visualization skills of national athletes were higher than non-national athletes (p

Survey of Basic Technical Skills of Table Tennis Game Athletes Ptmsi Puslatkab Bangkalan

T his study aims to determine the level of basic technical skills of table tennis athletes at PTMSI Pusat Kab Bangkalan. The method chosen and the research used a survey. Saturated samples were taken from all table tennis athletes at the Bangkalan puslatkab totaling 4 athletes. Measuring the skill level of the basic table tennis game techniques, namely Service Techniques (Serve), Attack Techniques (Attacking), Defense Techniques (Block), Drive Punch Techniques, Push Punch Techniques, Flick Techniques, and Chop Techniques for athletes at the Bangkalan sports center using tests and measurements . Researchers collected data using survey techniques with tests and measurements of basic technical skills in table tennis games for PTMSI Puslatkab Bangkalan athletes. Data analysis used percentage description. The results of the research on table tennis athletes at the Bangkalan puslatkab: basic service techniques 25% are in the adequate category and 75% are in the good category; basic attack techniques (attacking) 50% in the less category and 50% in the sufficient category; basic defense techniques (Block) 25% are in the poor category, 50% are in the sufficient category and 25% are in the good category; basic technique of hitting (Drive) 50% in the poor category, 25% in the sufficient category, and1 25% in the good category; the basic technique of push punch 75% is in sufficient category and 25% is in good category; basic technique of flick blow 25% in poor category, 50% in sufficient category, and 25% in good category; basic chop technique 75% is categorized as sufficient, and 25% is categorized as good. The conclusions of the study are the level of service technique skills (Serve) in good category, basic attack techniques (attacking) are between the less category and sufficient category, basic defense techniques (Block) are in sufficient category, basic blow techniques (Drive) are in poor category, basic techniques for push punches are categorized as enough, basic flick technique is categorized enough, and basic chop technique is categorized enough. Suggestions that can be given are the addition of hours and a proportional training program to improve mastery of the basic techniques of table tennis.

Anthropometric, Physiological, and Psychological Variables That Determine the Elite Pistol Performance of Women.

Shooting is a high-precision sport that depends on many factors to achieve high performance levels. The main objective of this study was to analyze the differences in anthropometric, physiological, and psychological variables by sport level in women air-pistol shooters. Fifteen female pistol shooters, including seven elite national shooters of Iran and eight non-elite shooters, participated in this study. Analyzed variables were grouped into three sections: anthropometric, physiological, and psychological. Anthropometric variables included: height, weight, body mass index, length of leg, arm span, and proportions between variables. Physiological tests include resting heart rate, static and dynamic balance, flexibility, and upper body strength. Additionally, psychological questionnaires of SMS-6 sport motivation, TSCI trait sport-confidence and SSCI state sport-confidence, ACSI-28 athletic coping skills, and SAS sport anxiety scale were used. The Shapiro–Wilks test and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. Effect size and test reliability were calculated using Cohen’s d and Cronbach’s alpha, respectively. Our results showed that elite shooters have higher values of dynamic balance (Y-test), upper body strength (sit-ups), and intrinsic motivation, and lower resting heart rate than non-elite. However, no differences were found in the anthropometric variables, nor in anxiety or coping skills. We conclude that physiological and psychological workouts should be included in the shooters’ training programs to improve their performance.

The effectiveness of the use of ancillary equipment in speed and strength training of athletes

Physical training of athletes, along with improving the technique of competitive exercises, the ability to correctly calculate the strength of the distance and show a certain result, is one of the most important components of the training process. Insufficient level of physical fitness of athletes, namely speed and strength training, prevents the effective overcoming of both parts of the distance and it as a whole, which does not allow to effectively realize their potential in competitive activities. The article analyzes the effectiveness of the use of auxiliary equipment in speed and strength training of athletes aged 14-15 years in the amount of 20 people. All athletes had the same level of training at the beginning of the study and trained with one coach. Accordingly, the number of training sessions and the conditions for their conduct were the same for all subjects. The following ancillary equipment was used during the study: rubber band, various steps, weights of different weights. Changes in the speed and strength training of athletes were studied. To comprehensively assess the impact of the use of ancillary equipment, tests were selected to assess the level of development of speed and strength qualities of athletes of different muscle groups. The following exercises were used: long jump from a place, jump up from a place, run for 30 meters from a high start, throw of a stuffed ball with two hands from behind a head on distance standing. It is proved that the results of the test of throwing a stuffed ball with two hands from behind the head at a standing distance of 41% increased the most significantly. The performance of the 30m run improved by 17.5%. According to the jump test, the results improved by 13.9%. This is due to the fact that in addition to the use of ancillary equipment, athletes during the preparatory part of the lesson and at the end of the main part actively use general preparatory exercises with jumping up.The lowest growth rate of results was established by the results of the long jump test - 2.9%. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the use of auxiliary equipment in the training process of athletes. However, the development of new methodological approaches to the development of other leading motor skills of athletes remains unresolved, which emphasizes the prospects for further research.

CHANGES IN METABOLIC EFFICIENCY IN SKILLED ATHLETES DURING INTENSE EXERCISE

The body’s predominant choice of substrates and the rate of their oxidation in the working muscle are largely influenced by physical activity intensity. The higher the intensity of work, the more important role in energy supply processes are played by carbohydrates. It is suggested that the ability to most effectively use fat as an energy substrate at rest and during exercise allows athletes to save carbohydrates to perform high-intensity work. This study investigated the efficiency of metabolism in skilled athletes at rest and during the exercise of increasing intensity. 99 body composition assessments (via bioelectrical impedance) and 99 incremental exercise tests using a gas analysis system were performed in 90 male national- and international-level athletes (age 16-35 y.o.) of sports related to endurance and combat sports. The respiratory exchange ratio in skilled athletes at rest significantly correlates with the values of respiratory exchange ratio when reaching the anaerobic threshold ((r = 0.52, р ≤ 0,05)) and respiratory exchange ratio when reaching the maximum oxygen consumption ((r = 0.52, р ≤ 0,05)) and with the maximum oxygen consumption (r = -0.26, р ≤ 0,05). The oobtained data shows that efficient resting metabolism creates the preconditions for more efficient use of energy substrates during intense muscle activity. The respiratory exchange ratio is an informative indicator of the efficiency of metabolism, which can be used in the complex control of the functional condition of the athlete.

Coaching Clinic Basic Movements and Dominant Physical Conditions for Athletes at Gemilang Raya FC

Basic movements and dominant physical conditions are often still a problem for soccer players in supporting the strategies and tactics of a coach in building attacks or in defense, especially at Football Club Gemilang Raya Kuningan. Some players still have shortcomings in carrying out correct and accurate basic movements and do not yet know the physical procedural requirements that a professional soccer player must possess. Based on the problems faced, the STKIP Muhammadiyah Kuningan Service Team carried out activities to overcome the problems faced by partners. Community service activities aim to improve the abilities and skills of Football Club Gemilang Raya Kuningan athletes in performing basic movements and knowing the dominant physical condition. The activity was carried out at the Gemilang Raya Kuningan Football Club and was attended by 20 players. The method used is a coaching clinic which consists of 2 sessions. The material provided consists of understanding basic movements and dominant physical conditions, practice on basic movements and dominant physical conditions. The results of the activity to the community showed an increase in the abilities and skills of Football Club Gemilang Raya Kuningan players regarding basic movements and dominant physical conditions.

An Artificial Neural Network Predicts Setter's Setting Behavior in Volleyball Similar or Better than Experts

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are able to detect patterns in sports games. The aim of the present study is to predict the setting speed and its target area within the complex I in volleyball using ANN. For the analysis, 289 rallies from one setter of the 2nd Austrian Volleyball League Women were considered. Player positions and ball trajectory data prior to the setter's pass were recorded. Subsequently, ANN software NeuroDimension was trained with 60% of the datasets to predict the target area and setting speed (supervised learning). The rest was used for cross-validation (15%) and predictions (25%). The accordance of the predicted and the real values was assessed by the percentage of correct predictions. To rate the prediction quality, the results of the ANN were compared with predictions from high-level volleyball coaches. The ANN correctly predicted the target area in 68.1% and the setting speed in 79.2%, which was significantly higher than by chance (p<0.01). The accuracy of the ANN-predicted target areas was 2.8% higher than from coaches (not significant). The ANN's prediction rate for the setting speed was significantly higher by 14.6%. Information from ANN predictions could be helpful to support coaches to train the athlete's skills to anticipate opponents’ playing actions and to train the setter of the own team.