Skilled People Research Articles

Migration, human capital formation and the beneficial brain drain hypothesis: a note

The recent brain drain literature suggests that the migration of highly skilled people can be beneficial for a country as it gives incentives to form additional human capital. We criticise this claim by developing a career concerns model and proposing that the migration opportunity as an incentive mechanism is unreliable. In addition, we show that when an individual forms two types of human capital, increased migration opportunity for one type has a negative effect on the formation of the other type. The economic benefit and full policy implications of the findings were not addressed in this paper.

The Application of Project Driven Teaching Method in Win Server 2008

Project driven and course designed teaching and examination mode is a kind of brand-new teaching and examination mode, it is a student oriented mode which focus on how to train highly skilled people in practice courses. Combined with course 《Win server 2008 network operation system》,below paper give a more detailed and comprehensive introduction for this teaching mode, based on which writer would like to popularize this teaching method with specific demonstration.

About a Bot: Hoax, Fake, Performance Art

About a Bot: Hoax, Fake, Performance Art

Skills development for employability and inclusive growth: Policy dilemmas and priorities in South Asia

Most countries in South Asia are either in the middle-income bracket or moving towards it; to move up the value chain towards higher incomes, they need more skilled people and larger investments in infrastructure. The combination of globalization, technological advancement, unprecedented labour mobility, and the demographic dividend offers them enormous opportunities—but they urgently need to catalyze the private sector through unified funding to scale up the high-quality training that can have a major and positive impact on the economy. This article suggests crucial ways to transform the skills training ecosystem so it can respond to the labour market’s needs, both at home and overseas. Among them are more effective funding arrangements, strong institutional arrangements for effective coordination, improved training modalities, significant engagement by the private sector, and quality assurance through partnerships between the national quality assurance agencies and industry/sector councils.

Who Wants to Farm? Youth Aspirations, Opportunities and Rising Food Prices

SummaryWho wants to farm? In an era of land grabs and environmental uncertainty, improving smallholder productivity has become a higher priority on the poverty and food security agenda in development, focusing attention on the next generation of farmers. Yet emerging evidence about the material realities and social norms and desires of young people in developing countries indicates a reasonably widespread withdrawal from work on the land as an emerging norm. While de‐agrarianisation is not new, policymakers are correct to be concerned about a withdrawal from the sector: smallholder productivity growth, and agricultural transformation more broadly, depend in part on the extent to which capable, skilled young people can be retained or attracted to farming, and on policies that support that retention. So who wants to farm, and under what conditions? Where are economic, environmental and social conditions favourable to active recruitment by educated young people into farming? What policy and programmatic conditions are creating attractive opportunities in farming or agro‐food industry livelihoods?This paper explores these conditions in a context of food price volatility, and in particular rising food prices since 2007. To do so, it analyses primary qualitative research on the attitudes of young people and their families to farming in 2012, a time when food prices had been high and volatile for half a decade. In theory, assuming higher prices benefit small farmers, food farming should be more attractive since food prices started to rise in 2007. But this simple causal assumption overlooks both that in many developing countries, it takes considerable economic power – ownership or access to cultivable land and affordable credit for inputs – to turn a profit in farming. It also fails to take into account more sociological explanations governing work and occupational choice – status aspiration and merit on the one hand, and perceived risk on the other. These two explanations help to explain why young people from relatively low income families, particularly those most likely to innovate and raise productivity levels, do not perceive farming as a realistically desirable occupational choice.Based on analysis of interviews, focus group discussion and household case studies with almost 1500 people in 23 rural, urban and peri‐urban communities in low and middle income Asian, African and Latin American countries in 2012, this research digs deeper into some of the established explanations as to why youth in developing countries appear reluctant to enter farming, and identifies conditions under which capable and enterprising youth are being attracted to farming, and entry‐points for youth participation in policymaking around agriculture and food security.

IPRIMED's learning approach: preparing the next generation of learners and leaders

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the perspective of Navin Kumar, founder and CEO of iPRIMED, a workforce development company in India. The paper explores core adult learning concepts to focus upon iPRIMED's approach to training the next generation of learners and leaders. This is an important topic because India is faced with talent shortages and organizations there have been experiencing difficulties in recruiting employees who have been adequately trained to lead complex projects (The Economist, 2007; Khilji, 2012). Design/methodology/approach – This paper was based on a structured interview with Navin Kumar and informed by adult learning literature. Findings – The perspective of a South Asian leader in today's globalized environment indicates that experiential and transformational learning is important in educating the next generation of learners and leaders. If successful and sustained, it can have a huge impact on India, South Asia and the global community. By incorporating adult learning concepts, iPRIMED is considering the whole learner with the hopes of developing skilled people for the world's employers. Originality/value – Khilji (2012) has argued that economic development of South Asia is truly dependent upon its ability to engage in human development priorities and ensure its younger generation is educated and capable enough for meeting needs of the global economy. This paper provides example of one skill-strengthening organization in India that has taken on the challenge of adequately preparing next generation of leaders for the global environment. The paper describes iPRIMED's learning-based approach that may be very unique in the Indian context.

Investment: Policy, Practice and Present Scenario

Bangladesh is a country with enormous potentials to grow faster than any other least developed countries (LDCs) of the world. Its strategic geographic location made it an attractive destination for the ancient merchants up to the modern multinationals. Bangladesh is located at the middle points of two fastest growing economic superpowers, China and India. These two countries have about 2.6 billion populations with quickly increasing purchasing power. Bangladesh has a domestic market of about 15 million consumers. It would be very much cost effective to produce a product in Bangladesh and market into India and China under SAARC and other international duty free arrangements. Besides, these all Bangladeshi products (other than armaments) enjoy complete duty and quota free access to developed countries like EU, Japan, Canada and Australia. Bangladesh is a signatory to the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA); Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), USA; International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID); World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It has bilateral agreements to avoid double taxation with 28 countries. Foreign investment in Bangladesh is 100% safe and secured by the Foreign Private Investment (Promotion & Protection) Act 1980. We have a large number of young and energetic populations with about 59.3% economically active people. According to a recent study conducted by the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) factors of production like land, labour, fuel, vehicles, rental and hiring skilled management people etc. are very much competitive here in Bangladesh in comparison with 29 cities and region of Asia. Comparing cities are Seoul, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Dalian, Shenyang, Quingdao, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Taipei, Singapore, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Jakarta, Batam, Manila, Cebu, Hanoi, HO Chi Minh City, Da Nang, Yangon, New Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, Karachi, Colombo, Dhaka and Yokohama. Bangladesh is offering hassle free remittance of earning by foreign professionals, repatriation facilities of dividend and capital at exit of foreign investors, permanent resident permits on investing US$75,000 and citizenship on investing US$500,000. Five years tax holidays package for investment at Dhaka and Chittagong divisions and seven years tax holiday’s package for investment at other divisions of the country. There are eight functioning Export Processing Zones (EPZs) namely Adamjee, Chittagong, Comilla, Dhaka, Ishwardi, Karnaphuli, Mongla, and Uttara–EPZ with all sorts of infrastructural, managerial, utilities and other relevant facilities. Already investors from 32 countries invested in these EPZ’s and operating business successfully.

We are ordinary, skilled people doing extraordinary work

In this year when the centenary of the start of the first world war is being commemorated, it would be great to hear about some of the unsung nursing heroes of bygone days.

Fostering Successful Career Paths in Construction: Motivation, Evaluation, Feedback

AbstractThe construction industry requires motivated and highly skilled people. The very nature of engineering and construction places an equal or greater requirement on oral and written communication skills, as it does on technical skills. To ensure young engineers are successful in construction, it is crucial that timely feedback and evaluations are provided in an effective and positive manner, which underscores the need for effective communication skills. Feedback should be provided to students and young engineers to inspire motivation, support personal and professional growth, and foster engagement. This paper provides survey and interview results from 13 CH2M HILL interns, two early career CH2M HILL engineering professionals, and 19 Bachelor of Science Construction Engineering graduates from Iowa State University(ISU), and summarizes the critical link between feedback and engagement, both in businesses and universities, to fostering successful career paths in construction. It is suggested that proact...

Why are Educated and Risk-Loving Persons More Mobile Across Regions?

Why are better educated and more risk-friendly persons more mobile across regions? To answer this question, we use micro data on internal migrants from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2000-2006 and merge this information with a unique proxy for region-pair-specific cultural distances across German regions constructed from historical local dialect patterns. Our findings indicate that risk-loving and skilled people are more mobile over longer distances because they are more willing to cross cultural boundaries and move to regions that are culturally different from their homes. Other types of distance-related migration costs cannot explain the lower distance sensitivity of educated and risk-loving individuals.

Why are educated and risk-loving persons more mobile across regions?

Why are better educated and more risk-friendly persons more mobile across regions? To answer this question, we use micro-data on internal migrants from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 2000–2006 and merge this information with a unique proxy for region-pair-specific cultural distances across German regions constructed from historical local dialect patterns. Our findings indicate that risk-loving and skilled people are more mobile over longer distances because they are more willing to cross cultural boundaries and move to regions that are culturally different from their homes. Other types of distance-related migration costs cannot explain the lower distance sensitivity of educated and risk-loving individuals.

INTEGRATING VULNERABLE AND MARGINALIZED GROUPS INTO VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING THROUGH INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS

There is high (youth) unemployment in several EU countries. These present the latest examples from e.g. Greece, Spain or Italy. Other countries such as Germany or Austria are suffering a brain drain, and consequent depletion of knowledge sources, due to emigration of highly skilled and knowledgeable people. To ensure a broad and productive regional knowledge base, which would enable innovation, regions should develop an integrated human capital agenda. A main pillar of such an agenda is the use of regional untapped potential. To date scholars have only examined the meaning of highly skilled workers as knowledge-holders thereby neglecting the role of vulnerable and marginalized (VAM) groups. This paper focuses on the (re-)integration of vulnerable and marginalized groups to the vocational education and training (VET) system and labour markets using innovative VET solutions such as the approach of mentoring, social media (Web 2.0 and 3.0) as well as social networks. Social networks in particular, contain potential such as the formation of regional social capital through the ability of learners to interact in common learning situations, which may raise regional human capital of vulnerable and marginalized groups. Vice versa, if human capital accumu-lates into a strong regional knowledge base, which can be used for regional (economical) issues, the result will be regional social capital increases. Key words: integration of vulnerable and marginalized groups, vocational education and training, social capital, human capital.

Understanding Ideas of Toxicity in Tibetan Medical Processing of Mercury

Duk (dug) in Tibetan language means ‘poison’ and has the connotation of a substance being harmful. In the Tibetan medical tradition, anything which adversely affects our system and causes suffering and pain can be referred to as a poison; for example, the afflictive emotions are labelled ‘mental poisons’. The term duk is coined based on its harmful effects, just like medicine is called men (sman) because of it being beneficial. Tibetan medical practitioners know that mercury is highly toxic. Nevertheless, Tibetan medicine still uses it in the particular form of mercury sulphide as an important ingredient in some multi-compound medicines to treat severe diseases. This is possible because Tibetan pharmacology describes detailed methods of processing mercury, which are complex and long and demand the involvement of highly skilled people and a particular environment. The ability to transform a virtual toxin into a tonic is an invaluable skill based on the in-depth understanding of the characteristics of the various types of duk contained in unprocessed mercury as this article will explore.

Créer des emplois publics crée-t-il des emplois ?

Cet article analyse l’impact de la creation d’emplois publics sur l’emploi prive et le chomage. Adoptant une approche macroeconomique, la premiere partie s’interesse principalement aux effets d’eviction de la creation d’emplois publics sur la creation d’emplois prives. Une etude statistique menee sur 17 pays de l’OCDE sur la periode 1960-2000 montre que cet effet d’eviction est significatif et de grande ampleur : a chaque fois que l’Etat decide de creer 10 emplois publics il en resulte directement ou indirectement une perte de 15 emplois prives. Il est aussi montre que l’impact de la creation d’emplois publics depend crucialement du type d’emplois publics crees. Deux caracteristiques jouent un role preponderant : le degre de substitution entre la production du secteur public et celle du secteur prive, et l’ampleur des avantages dont beneficient les titulaires d’emplois publics. Dans une perspective plus microeconomique, la seconde partie dresse un bilan des etudes qui analysent les politiques dites de « contrats aides ». Les conclusions rejoignent celles de l’analyse macroeconomique a savoir que la nature des emplois crees est essentielle : les contrats aides dans le secteur marchand sont souvent un tremplin vers l’emploi stable, notamment pour les jeunes et les moins qualifies. En revanche, les contrats aides du secteur non marchand n’ont pas d’efficacite averee en termes de retour vers un emploi stable.

Ursachen und Einflussfaktoren von Personenkollisionen auf der Skipiste

Annually, in Austria more than 10 million people participate in winter sport activities such as alpine skiing, snowboarding, cross country skiing and ski touring. About 80 - 90 % of all accidents are caused by a fall without other people involved and about 10 % are caused by collisions between people. In the winter season 2011/2012, skiers and snowboarders injured due to a fall or a collision on a ski slope have been interviewed about potential intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors in the Austrian province Vorarlberg. In total, 1741 people injured by a self-inflicted fall and 137 people injured due to a collision have been interviewed. People injured due to a collision showed more often a head injury (15 vs. 8 %) and more often a concussion (15 vs. 6 %). Furthermore, people injured due to a collision were significantly older (41 vs. 33 years) and showed a higher proportion of skiers (86 vs. 79 %) as well as of higher skilled people (83 vs. 74 %) compared to those injured by a self-inflicted fall. Collisions between sport participants incurred significantly more often on slope intersections (11 vs. 4 %), when more people were on ski slopes (30 vs. 12 %) and when the sun was shining (85 vs. 69 %). According to the results of this study, preventive recommendations to reduce the risk of a collision include an adaptation of the individual skiing or snowboarding behaviour and the actual speed on skill level, weather conditions and number of other skiers and snowboarders on ski slopes. In addition, influences of adaptive visual information and supervision systems at slope intersections and in relation to weather and traffic conditions should be evaluated.

Review of Australian Higher Education: An Australian Policy Perspective

Higher education is one of the key foundations that economic prosperity is founded upon. Government policies, funding and strategic planning require a fine balance to stimulate growth, prosperity health and well-being. The key Australian government policies influenced by a Review of Australian Higher Education report include attracting many more Australian citizens from disadvantaged backgrounds to higher education and increasing to 40% by 2020 the number of Australian people aged 25 to 34 years attaining at least a bachelor-level qualification — a challenge, given that the current level is 29%. An added key policy is the move to a student entitlement funding model that Australia introduced from 2012, with around half of the 46 recommendations being implemented by early 2013. This article undertakes research based on secondary data from extensive literature reviews to comment critically on the efficacy of the policy approached recommended by the Review of Australian Higher Education in 2008, and now being gradually implemented. Australia faces significant challenges in higher education to rebuild, redevelop, sustain and progress higher education. The domestic and global competition for talented and skilled people is becoming more crucial. Ageing populations combined with a decreasing proportion of young people, particularly within OECD countries, exacerbates the problem. Australia, among most, if not all nations, must develop many more innovative and skilled people to sustain and rejuvenate its industry and society.

Migrations internationales et marché du travail dans l'UE15 : enseignements des modèles à proportions de facteurs

This article quantifies the impact of immigration and emigration on wages and employment rates of natives in the EU15 member states. The analysis is based on the generally admitted model of factor shares with endogenous total productivity and labor supply. For all EU15 member states, simulations show that immigration has generated effects which are positive but weak on wages and negligible on employment rates. That result is robust to the choice of parameters, the period under investigation, the introduction of illegal immigration and the heterogeneous quality of diplomas. In contrast, immigration reduces natives' wage, especially that of least skilled people. © De Boeck Superieur. Tous droits reserves pour tous pays.

Universal Access to Health Services Through the Digital Terrestrial Television

The Western World has almost completed the transition toward the Digital Television (DTV), and in particular toward the Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT). In every home there is at least one decoder for the DTT. Some of them have a modem, to connect to a telephonic return line, and a Smart Card reader, both required by the “Pay TV” channels. Since those readers are compatible with the Governmental Smart Cards, a new access for the masses to secure and confidential digital services is nowadays available in our Information Society. “T-Government” defines the set of services provided by Governments or private entities via DTT. “Multimedia Home Platform” is the standard for DTT applications. A Local Health will be no more justified for offering services only through the Web disregarding both the broadcast and the return channels of the DTT since by doing so it would contribute to deepen the “digital divide” between skilled (young) people and unskilled (elder) people. The author defines a scenario for providing such T-Health Services both for patients (T-monitoring health parameters) and healthy citizens. These latter will have a bunch of services over DTT, not only informative or interactive applications on the Set top Box, but also transactional services through the secure return channel. However, much effort has to be spent to guarantee the usability of that new interface which is quite different from that of a Web application. The author designed, tested and redesigned a suite of DTT applications as a “proof of concept” to show the potential of this new platform for health information services. DTT may represent a real contribution to bring social healthcare and wellness.

A social work study on different entrepreneurship opportunities

Article history: Received March 15, 2012 Received in Revised form March, 15, 2012 Accepted 16 May 2012 Available online May 19 2012 Entrepreneurs are big potentials for developing economy in any countries. They provide new job opportunities and help economy boost. There are literally many industries, which rely on new these people and they are considered as the primary source of generating new jobs. In this paper, we discuss three entrepreneurship opportunities including universities, technical and vocational centers and women. Universities are able to educate highly skilled people and send them to business and they are able to create new ideas. Technical and vocational centers are, in fact, the best place for training basic or recent advances in technological skills through short term or long term planning. The survey also indicates that women can be considered as a good source of job creation. In this paper, we review the recent related literature on entrepreneurship opportunities in the world and discuss some of the related issues more specifically in Iran. © 2012 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Impact of Global Financial Crisis on Jordan

The paper discusses the impact of global financial crisis on the Jordanian economy in two periods; the first period extended from the beginning of the global crisis in autumn of 2008 to December 2008, and the second period started from December 2008 till the end of 2011. The results of this paper indicate that the impact of the global crisis is being driven by the country's high dependence on foods and oil prices which led to increase the prices of oil and commodity. We also found that the banking and tourism sectors were not affected by the crisis. The evidence is presented in a series of charts which are backed up by statistical analysis. Like some of the Arabic countries, Jordan, which is a small Arabic country located in the Middle East, is characterized by possessing a small industrial base. Strikingly, its economy is among the smallest in the region because of the scarcity of its natural resources. Furthermore, the country is known for high standards of unemployment among its educated and uneducated citizens, especially the youth. Despite these facts, there has been a steady growth in the economy.It is noted that the Jordanian economy has mainly grown increasingly over the past 20 years. Great deal of significant economic reforms have been carried out by King Abdullah II Since he has been in power in 1999, these included opening the trade regime, privatizing state-owned companies, and abolishment of most fuel subsidies. Hence, these critical reforms have been the primary motivator for foreign investment in the kingdom in the last few years. The economic growth has improved increasingly as a result of the foreign investment which naturally has led to creating more job opportunities. Undeniably, the rate of unemployment has decline considerably despite the sweeping global financial crisis which casted its light on the whole region. It is taken-by-granted that Jordan was affected by the financial crisis; there were imbalance in the level of imports and exports, I.e. Jordan had to pay more for basic commodities and energy products including oil. Despite the challenges, the country has moved on in implementing the significant reforms therefore the economic growth increased constantly. It is understood that any country must prioritize the annual economic growth by implementing strategic economic plans that would be ready to face any sudden or undesirable economic imbalances. Jordan's economy is mainly dependent on exports, tourism, and overseas Jordanian employees' remittances. Any imbalances in these economic resources will affect the rate of employment and unemployment in the kingdom. By nature of things, as the rate of unemployment increases more, the rate of poverty will rise in Jordan. Noticeably, now the rate of poverty in Jordan has reached 14.5% according to the official statistical estimates. However, the rate is higher based on nongovernmental institutions - estimated at 27%, (European Economy, 2009).On the other hand, Like some underdeveloped countries, Jordan has been suffering greatly from brain drain; there are approximately 600,000 Jordanians working abroad, nearly 50 % of them have workplaces in the Gulf region, and their remittances are up to 20% of the JordanianGDP, (European Commission, 2009).In other words, remittances are recognized as an important national income to the country. It is agreed that, among the huge number of Jordanians working overseas, there are a big number of academic, skilled and professional people. This undoubtedly, despite the advantageous benefits, negatively affects the country since Jordan needs to make up the shortage by depend on alterative foreign manpower from Egypt and Syria. Consequently, this leads