Skill Level Research Articles

Micro Study on the Impact of the Digital Economy on Income from the Perspective of Labor Matching

As the digital economy continues to develop, the socio-economic structure and lifestyle have undergone significant changes, which have had a profound impact on the labor market. To explore the mechanism of the digital economys impact on income, this study builds a personal panel data model from a micro perspective and conducts an empirical analysis. The matching situation of individuals in terms of employment and income is assessed through the skill-job matching degree and skill-income matching degree. A bidirectional fixed-effects model is used for calculation and analysis, comprehensively considering individual characteristics, skill levels, job requirements, and other factors. This study examines the direct and indirect effects of the digital economy on income and explores its influencing mechanisms.

Effectiveness of Child and Infant Airway Management Training for Midwifery Students in Jambi

Choking often occurs in children and babies which causes airway obstruction, either partial airway obstruction or total airway obstruction. If help is not given immediately, it can result in death in children and babies. This research was conducted to determine the level of knowledge and skills of midwifery students in airway management in infants and children with airway obstruction due to choking. The research aims to determine students' knowledge and skills in airway management in infants and children with choking cases using a comparative research method, namely assessing knowledge before and after being given training, the sample used was 36 respondents, and the results showed an increase in students' knowledge after being given training with a value The pretest average for knowledge was 51.72% to 86.14%, while for skills there was an increase in knowledge after the test, with an average score of 93.31%. The conclusion is that this training can have an impact on increasing students' knowledge and skills so that when students practice and find cases of airway obstruction, they can do it as optimally as possible.

A Case Report on Infant Aural Rehabilitation Using Korean Auditory, Language, and Cognitive Rehabilitation for Infants

The purpose of this paper is to report the effectiveness and significance of aural rehabilitation using the Korean Auditory, language, and cognitive Rehabilitation for Infants (KARI) program. The KARI program was administered to an infant diagnosed with hearing loss at 9 months of age. A total of 45 KARI sessions were conducted for 13 months. Four developmental areas, auditory, language and social communication, overall and vocal and articulatory were evaluated at 10, 15, and 18 months of age for initial, progress, and final tests. After aural rehabilitation with KARI, in the area of auditory development, the infant showed normal range. In the area of language and social communication, the infant exhibited normal receptive language and non-verbal communication skills but showed significant delays in speech due to the diagnosed submucous cleft palate. In the area of overall developmental screening, Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants & Children scores were at peer level in cognition and social skills. However, gross motor, fine motor, language, and self-help skills were in the range of needing further testing. In the areas of vocalization and articulation, vocalization showed normal range, but articulation development showed delayed development. Although development of expressive language and articulation was delayed due to submucous cleft palate, the overall results showed good progression with KARI in other areas. Therefore, it is hoped that the KARI would be used to promote aural rehabilitation for the infants with hearing impaired.

TINGKAT KETERAMPILAN PERMAINAN BOLA KASTI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI COT PREH KUTA BARO ACEH BESAR

The game of baseball is part of small ball which is included in the elementary school learning curriculum. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of skills of the baseball game at Cot Preh State Elementary School. This research uses descriptive quantitative with survey method. The population and research sample were Cot Preh State Elementary School students totaling 23 students with purposive sampling technique. Research collection instruments and techniques using tests and measurements of baseball skills, namely: 1) ball catching test, 2) ball hitting test, and 3) ball throwing test. Data is analyzed through percentages. The research results obtained were in the sufficient category (34.78%) with details: 1) very high category with a frequency of 2 students (8.70%), 2) high category with a frequency of 5 students (21.74%), 3) sufficient category with a frequency of 8 students (34.78%) 4) low category with a frequency of 8 students (34.78%) 5). The conclusion of the study is that the level of skill of the baseball game at Cot Preh State Elementary School is categorized as sufficient.

Examination of The Relationship between Physical Activity Level and Social Skills Level of Individuals Diagnosed with Special Learning Disability

Examination of The Relationship between Physical Activity Level and Social Skills Level of Individuals Diagnosed with Special Learning Disability

Macro Skills Development Management of Chinese EFL Learners in Taiwan (R.O.C.)

Managing students’ macro skills development is necessary for any nation especially for non- native English-speaking countries not only because it can fully benefit them from global commerce but also for the reason that nations with higher levels of English language skills have stronger economies and enjoy a higher quality of life. This study critically analyzed the macro skills development management of the Grade 5students of Taipei Municipal Shezi Elementary School. It employed the Descriptive Survey Research Method and Comparative Analysis that were both transcribed in English and Traditional Chinese languages. Weighted Mean, Frequency Count, and Percentage were used to determine the implementation extent of the macro skills development program for the Chinese EFL learners as perceived by the three stakeholder groups, namely: the English teachers, the school administrators, and the policymakers along the four language components, namely: Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing in terms of the three management functions, namely: Planning, Commanding, and Controlling. Moreover, Independent (Paired) t Test, One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Post Hoc Test were utilized to ascertain the significant difference that exists on the implementation of the macro skills development program along the four language components in terms of the three management functions when categorized according to the perceptions of the three stakeholder groups. Furthermore, Frequency Count, Percentage, and Rank Order were employed to identify the factors attributed to the macro skills development of the Chinese EFL learners. The results of the study revealed that the macro skills development program for the Chinese EFL learners is highly implemented by the current educational managers of the state. It also went to show that the identified factors are rather pivotal to the realization and quality of bilingualism policy in the state. Thus, the BENEDICTUS Language Development Program Management Framework was created to help optimize the macro skills development management of EFL students around the world.

Comparative Study Between University Authorities of The Public And Private Sectors in A Province of The San Martín Region: Management Skills and Job Performance

Objective: a comparison is always observed between the services provided in public and private universities; as well as the management carried out by its officials. This entails knowing the skills that professionals possess, which has the purpose of: Establishing a relationship between management skills and job performance in university authorities of the public and private sector in a province of the San Martín region. As well as, compare the level of management skills and work performance of the authorities of private and public universities. Theoretical framework: focuses on the aspects of management skills: interpersonal, personal and group skills; as well as, job performance: fulfillment of goals and the organizational climate that must be taken into account for its strengthening and better university management. Method: comparative analysis in which the deductive method has been used, of a basic type with a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental design of comparative correlational scope. Results and conclusions: in terms of management skills and job performance, are at the level of medium. Private universities demonstrate greater strengthening of skills and better performance in their work than public universities. There is a moderate and significant positive relationship between both study variables with 26% variability. Implications of the research: as management skills are strengthened, better performance of university authorities will be seen; Therefore, the need to work with training and workshops in order to strengthen the first variable for institutional achievements.

INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS ON LIBRARY USE AMONG STUDENTS OF TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

This study examines the influence of information and communication technology and information literacy skills on library use among students of tertiary institutions in Borno state. The study was guided by three (3) objectives and three (3) research questions. A survey research design was adopted for the study and seventeen thousand five hundred and seventeen (17,517) registered library users were used as target population. While, the sample size for the study was one thousand and eighteen (1,018) users drawn from the target population using Krejcie, and Morgan (1970) table for determining sample size. Systematic sampling technique was used to ascertain the respective sample of the study. Thus, 1,018 copies of questionnaire were distributed to respondents and response rate recorded was 742(73%) which was used for data analysis. Data were gathered through self-designed questionnaire and were analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency count and percentages. Findings indicated that the level of information literacy skills among students of tertiary institutions in Borno State is low and majority of respondents agreed that their little ICT skills and literacy are impactful on their library usage. Based on the findings, it is recommended that more ICT awareness and training should be acquired by the students, especially from their institutions.

Alternative ways to initiate students’ intuition, and hence internalization, of why zero factorial is equal to one

Zero factorial, defined to be one, is often counterintuitive to students but nonetheless an interesting concept to convey in a classroom environment. The challenge is to delineate the concept in a simple and effective way through the practice of justification, a familiar concept in mathematics and science education. In this regard two algebraic and one statistical justification using the squeeze theorem are presented. To assess the effectiveness of the justifications, a student survey was conducted at a comprehensive university incorporating the analysis of the pre- and post-presentation statements. They clearly present that the justifications are useful in giving credence to zero factorial equals one. Overall, the result from the online survey supports that the students preferred Justification 1. The justifications provide instructors alternative ways to initiate exploration of students’ intuitive set up of comprehending unobvious facts like zero factorial equals one. For a range of learners with their varied abilities to perform various mental activities most closely associated with learning and problem-solving, the justifications as simple alternative methods offer the potential to raise the current level of cognitive skills to inspire differentiated paths of learning. These are evident from survey results noting the role of statistical thinking and techniques.

Lifelong Learning and Sub-Saharan Africa's Dream of Economic Emancipation

Sub-Saharan Africa having remained economically poor throughout its more than sixty years of independence, and relying on the finding that the acquisition of a high level of digital and entrepreneurship skills tends to create wealth for nations in modern times, this study investigates the extent to which sub-Saharan Africa's higher education institutions may leverage the facilitation of the learning of digital technologies and entrepreneurship for Africa's economic emancipation through lifelong learning. The work carried out at the level of eight (8) lifelong learning outfits of eight (8) premier universities drawn from the four (4) regions of sub-Saharan Africa is scrutinised through the administration of a six(6)-item questionnaire with a view to establishing whether or not Africa's higher education institutions are currently facilitating the learning of digital technologies and entrepreneurship through lifelong learning to a level that may promote Africa’s economic emancipation. The findings of the current study are that sub-Saharan Africa i). possesses very few higher education institutions in comparison to the global average, ii). is yet to prioritise lifelong learning both nationally and at the higher education level and iii). is incapable to produce the needed population of digital and entrepreneurship graduates that may propel its economic emancipation as a result of its current level of neglect of lifelong learning.

The Influence of an Individual Teaching Method on the Development of Performing Skills of Musicians-Instrumentalists

The originality of instrumental musical interpretation is a distinctive feature of each musician, influencing and reflecting their artistic style and worldview ideas. The study aims to determine the peculiarities of the influence of an individual teaching method on the development of instrumental musicians’ performance skills. General theoretical analysis, comparison and observation techniques were used to achieve this goal. The final results were also based on the skill level coefficient, quality coefficient, and Mann-Whitney test calculations. The research process provided for developing individualized training for future instrumental musicians, focusing on developing interpretive and technical skills, artistic interpretation and improvisation. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the developed individual approaches to teaching musicians-instrumentalists, taking into account their capabilities. Prospects for further research can be to compare the effectiveness of an individual approach to teaching musicians-instrumentalists of primary school age and students. Keywords: students’ capabilities; interpretive and technical skills; musicians’ skills; piano improvisation; artistic expression; musical form

Unequal exchange of labour in the world economy

Researchers have argued that wealthy nations rely on a large net appropriation of labour and resources from the rest of the world through unequal exchange in international trade and global commodity chains. Here we assess this empirically by measuring flows of embodied labour in the world economy from 1995–2021, accounting for skill levels, sectors and wages. We find that, in 2021, the economies of the global North net-appropriated 826 billion hours of embodied labour from the global South, across all skill levels and sectors. The wage value of this net-appropriated labour was equivalent to €16.9 trillion in Northern prices, accounting for skill level. This appropriation roughly doubles the labour that is available for Northern consumption but drains the South of productive capacity that could be used instead for local human needs and development. Unequal exchange is understood to be driven in part by systematic wage inequalities. We find Southern wages are 87–95% lower than Northern wages for work of equal skill. While Southern workers contribute 90% of the labour that powers the world economy, they receive only 21% of global income.

Efficacy of robot arm-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection in live porcine stomach (with video)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is technically challenging and requires a high level of skill. However, there is no effective method of exposing the submucosal plane during dissection. In this study, the efficacy of robot arm-assisted tissue traction for gastric ESD was evaluated using an in vivo porcine model. The stomach of each pig was divided into eight locations. In the conventional ESD (C-ESD) group, one ESD was performed at each location (N = 8). In the robot arm-assisted ESD (R-ESD) group, two ESDs were performed at each location (N = 16). The primary endpoint was the submucosal dissection speed (mm2/s). The robot arm could apply tissue traction in the desired direction and successfully expose the submucosal plane during submucosal dissection in all lesion locations. The submucosal dissection speed was significantly faster in the R-ESD group than in the C-ESD group (p = 0.005). The blind dissection rate was significantly lower in the R-ESD group (P = 0.000). The robotic arm-assisted traction in ESD enabled a significant improvement in submucosal dissection speed, blind dissection rate which suggests the potential for making ESD easier and enhancing procedural efficiency and safety.

Can the improvements in human capital quality mitigate the negative impact of ageing on growth? Evidence from selected EU countries

AbstractMost long‐term GDP projections in developed countries expect a substantial decline in GDP growth rates over time. The main factor behind it is demographic changes, especially the decreasing working‐age population. We argue that these projections do not consider improvements in the quality of the human capital, which may, at least to some extent, mitigate the effects of the negative demographic shock. We start with a simple observation—the skills of younger age cohorts are higher than of older cohorts. Assuming that the current level of skills will be obtained also by the generations which will enter the labour market in the future, the average level of skills among the working‐age population will increase. Trying to catch this effect, we use the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies standardised test results to create an aggregate human capital measure, the average skill level of the work force, for 18 European Union countries and project it until 2040. We show that on average at least one sixth of the negative impact of the shrinking of the working‐age population can be offset by the increase in the quality of human capital and that this number can increase to three quarters in a less conservative scenario.

A monocular visual body enhancement algorithm for recreating simulation training games for sports students on the field

At present, the simulation training game for sports students has become an important auxiliary tool in the field of sports training. However, how to provide a more authentic and immersive experience has always been a hot and difficult research topic. In view of this, this paper proposes a method of visual sense enhancement based on monocular vision. In order to improve the accuracy of motion information extraction, Scale-invariant feature transform and sliding window filtering algorithm were used to optimize the results of motion information extraction. The experimental results show that the displacement acceleration and angular velocity on each axis vary significantly from frame to frame, for example, the Y-axis angular velocity varies from 0.178 to 0.924. The monocular vision enhancement algorithm can effectively reflect the dynamic characteristics of objects in the process of motion, help to simulate and reproduce the real motion of things on the field more accurately, and help to improve the skill level of athletes in the training process.

Automated performance metrics and surgical gestures: two methods for assessment of technical skills in robotic surgery

The objective of this study is to compare automated performance metrics (APM) and surgical gestures for technical skills assessment during simulated robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Ten novices and six experienced RARP surgeons performed simulated RARPs on the RobotiX Mentor (Surgical Science, Sweden). Simulator APM were automatically recorded, and surgical videos were manually annotated with five types of surgical gestures. The consequences of the pass/fail levels, which were based on contrasting groups’ methods, were compared for APM and surgical gestures. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis and a Bland–Altman plot were used to explore the correlation between APM and surgical gestures. Pass/fail levels for both APM and surgical gesture could fully distinguish between the skill levels of the surgeons with a specificity and sensitivity of 100%. The overall ICC (one-way, random) was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.34–0.88), showing moderate agreement between the methods. The Bland–Altman plot showed a high agreement between the two methods for assessing experienced surgeons but disagreed on the novice surgeons’ skill level. APM and surgical gestures could both fully distinguish between novices and experienced surgeons in a simulated setting. Both methods of analyzing technical skills have their advantages and disadvantages and, as of now, those are only to a limited extent available in the clinical setting. The development of assessment methods in a simulated setting enables testing before implementing it in a clinical setting.

A Study that Compare Traditional Classroom Teaching with Online Learning and Using Traditional Textbooks with Online Learning in Middle Schools

Due to its apparent centrality in several conceptualizations of how to address the digital divide, this study highlights the heterogeneous development of so-called online abilities. Three major performance evaluations look at how age, gender, educational attainment, and the effectiveness and regularity of using the Services affect results. Knowledgeable with the ways of the Internet. There seems to be a generational deterioration in one's proficiency with any given media. However, when comparing ages on content-specific talents, the older age bracket always comes out on top. Their inexperience with the medium is holding them back and will have disastrous results. Studies of digital literacy have paid little attention to this result, if they are aware of it at all. The capacity to make productive use of the Internet in technological and material settings seems to be strongly impacted by educational level. Previous research has shown that people learn digital capabilities best via a combination of classroom teaching and hands-on practise. Time spent online only benefits non-medium- specific skills. This would imply that prolonged exposure to digital media does not lead to gains in skill related to processing digital material, regardless of how long one spends doing so or how often. The latter has a smaller effect on general skill levels. The study examined the performance of male and female students in both virtual and brick-and-mortar classrooms. The research found that regardless of the kind of instruction used, there was a statistically significant variation in the GPAs of the participants based on gender. Male and female students had similar perspectives on virtual and conventional classrooms.

Assessment of Soccer Teaching Ability Based on Deep Learning Algorithm

Soccer teaching involves imparting fundamental skills, tactics, and strategies related to the sport of soccer. Coaches and instructors focus on teaching players proper techniques for dribbling, passing, shooting, and defending, while also emphasizing teamwork, sportsmanship, and game awareness. Soccer teaching sessions typically include a combination of drills, scrimmages, and tactical discussions tailored to the age and skill level of the players. This paper proposed an effective soccer assessment technique for teaching ability with the Automated Probabilistic Deep Learning (APDL) model. The proposed APDL model comprises an automated model for the assessment of student performance. The proposed APDL model processes the input soccer images with the pre-processing of the features. With APDL model uses the probabilistic computation features for the computation of the variables in the soccer data. With the extraction of the features, the maximum likelihood is computed for the classification with the deep learning model features. The APDL model implements the classification-based deep learning model features with the examination of soccer teaching, instruction, development of skill, and players. Simulation results demonstrated that prediction with the APDL model estimates the probability of prediction as 0.91 with an estimated uncertainty value of 0.08. In the case of teaching and coaching assessment, the uncertainty is stated as 0.08 for both with the prediction assessment score of 0.92. The classification accuracy of the proposed APDL model is achieved as 0.95 with the precision value of 0.97. The findings of this research contribute to the advancement of coaching methodologies in soccer, providing coaches and educators with valuable insights into their teaching effectiveness and areas for improvement. Additionally, the automated nature of the APDL model offers scalability and efficiency in assessing coaching performance, paving the way for enhanced coaching practices and player development in soccer.

Do Mathematics and Reading Skills Impact Student Science Outcomes?

Establishing validated science programs for students with or at risk for learning disabilities requires testing treatment effects and exploring differential response patterns. This study explored whether students' initial mathematics and reading skills influenced their treatment response to a whole-class, second-grade science program called Scientific Explorers (Sci2). The original Sci2 study employed a cluster randomized controlled design and included 294 students from 18 second-grade classrooms. Differential effects of the program by initial mathematics and reading skill levels were not observed for an interactive science assessment and a distal science outcome measure. However, based on initial reading skill levels, moderation results were found on a science vocabulary measure, suggesting the effects of Sci2 were greatest for students with higher initial reading skills. Similar results were found using initial mathematics skill levels as a predictor of differential response such that students with higher mathematics skills reaped stronger treatment effects on the vocabulary measure. Further, we found initial mathematics skills also influenced outcomes on the proximal science content assessment, where students with higher initial mathematics skills led to higher outcomes. Overall, findings suggest Sci2 produced robust effects for all students (g = 0.24-1.23), regardless of initial skill proficiencies. Implications for exploring differential response in science intervention research are discussed.

Exploring the quality of participation and strategies to support meaningful engagement in an adapted paddleboard program among individuals with disabilities

Aim Adapted paddleboard provides an outdoor leisure-time physical activities (LTPA) opportunity with many health benefits (e.g., physical activity, reduced stress, social engagement). However, nearly 50% of individuals with disabilities do not participate in any LTPA. Quality of LTPA participation influences sustainable adherence, while optimizing participant experiences. An adapted paddleboard program is offered in Quebec City, for adults with physical disabilities, but little is known about how participants perceive their quality of participation. This study aimed to describe individuals with disabilities’ perceived quality of participation in the adapted paddleboard program, and to explore their suggestions of strategies to support meaningful engagement in the program. Methods An ethnographic mixed-methods design was conducted, consisting of participant observations during the 13-week program and semi-structured interviews based on the Quality Parasport Participation Framework (QPPF). Measure of Experiential Aspects of Participation (MeEAP) questionnaire were collected. A mixed approach of data analysis was used for qualitative data and descriptive statistics were conducted for quantitative data. Results Nine participants (8F) with various disabilities (42±15 years old) participated in the study. Emergent dimensions of quality of participation included belongingness and autonomy. Facilitators to participation were identified, such as autonomy support through volunteers and provision of adaptive equipment. Barriers to participation included water access and level of individual challenge. Suggested strategies to improve engagement included water access closer to parking and multiple groups for variable skill levels. Conclusions Participants expressed high-quality of participation in adapted paddleboarding. The study allows the development of knowledge about conditions that enhance the experience of participating in outdoor LTPA.