Abstract On the basis of aerial counts made in the summers of 1976 and 1977 the author reports numbers and distributions of waterfowl on the Malozemel'skaya Tundra, i.e., between the Pechora and Indiga rivers and the Barents Sea coast. Calculations would indicate that in excess of 1.5 million swans, geese, and ducks nest and/or molt in this region. Effective conservation measures are suggested to protect this valuable wildlife resource. (The translation is by William Barr, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.)