Size Of Microparticles Research Articles

Microencapsulation of Extracts from Corn Hair: A Study on Drug Release and Anticancer Activity

<i>Corn silk</i> contain inherently substantial flavonoid that contribute to its antioxidant and anticancer activity. The objective of the present study was to fabricate a system for efficient delivery of the anticancer compounds using microencapsulation technique. Methanolic corn silk extract was microencapsulated in the polymer Poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) – PLGA using the solvent extraction method. The physicochemical properties such as size, morphology and physical state of free and encapsulated microparticles were measured by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The <i>in vitro</i> release of compounds were studied and quantified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Spherical and relatively small (d=485.9) polymeric microparticles were obtained containing flavonoids with encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 60.66%. <i>In vitro</i> release profile exhibit a slow, sustained release and follows the first order kinetic with release rate 3.34 x 10^-3 m^-1s^-1. The release characteristics data showed that the drug is released from the microsphere even after 108 h. For <i>in vitro</i> cell-based assays, the MTT cell viability assay was performed on HeLa, NIH 3T3 cell lines while cellular uptake of the drug was studied using fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence studies confirm drug uptake by the cells within 24 h of treatment. For confirmation of mode of cell death Flow Cytometry and DNA ladder assay was performed. The blank polymeric microparticles were non-toxic to cell while, the drug loaded microparticles exhibit apoptic cell death. Thus an efficient delivery system is achieved after encapsulation, that provides protection and controlled release of the bioactive compounds.

Electrocatalytic detection of dimetridazole using an electrochemical sensor Ag@CPE. Analytical application. Milk, tomato juice and human urine

The electro-catalytic detection of the anti-protazaire Dimetridazole was performed using the carbon paste electrode modified with μAg@CPE silver micro-particles which demonstrate excellent catalytic activity towards the –NO2 attractor groups of the side chain of Dimetridazol molecules which is converted to –NHOH. The results obtained confirmed that the Dimetridazole reduction reaction is diffusion controlled. The electrochemical behavior is completely irreversible. The effect of the pH of the PBS solution on the Dimetridazole reduction reaction revealed that the number of protons and electrons were equal., the μAg@CPE electrode shows a wide range of concentration linearity with current, the detection limit and the quantitation limit were estimated respectively LOD ​= ​2,01 ​× ​10−7 ​M and LOQ ​= ​7,83 ​× ​10−7M, according to the cyclic voltammetry method. The morphology and chemical composition of the manufactured electrode paste were characterized by SEM and X-ray diffraction. Suggesting the formation of silver micro-particles on the carbon sheets. The size of the silver micro-particles synthesized at 200 ​°C was of the order of 2 ​μm. The electrochemical parameters diffusion coefficient (D) and catalytic rate constant (k) were calculated respectively Ddiff ​= ​1,335 ​× ​10−4 cm2/s and kcat ​= ​5, 214 ​× ​103 ​mol ​l−1 ​s−1. The proposed sensor was successfully tested for the determination of Dimetridazole in real samples like clearly commercial milk, tomato juice and human urine; the results found were very satisfactory.

A new voltammetric sensor for metronidazole based on electro catalytic effect of Al2O3 modified carbon graphite. Application. Urine, tap water and river water

Metronidazole is an anti-parasitic drug of the nitro-5-imidazole class, discovered in 1959. The objective of this research was to construct a highly sensitive sensor to detect Metronidazole in real samples. We elaborated a carbon paste electrode modified with Al2O3 microparticles that are hydrothermally formed on the graphite carbon sheet. As a working electrode, the different experimental parameters have been optimized. The electrochemical behavior of the antibacterial metronidazole was examined by the proposed sensor is perfectly irreversible. This device presents an excellent electro-catalytic activity for metronidazole reduction, as shown by a peak of maximum metronidazole reduction localized at the position of −0.61v /µAl2O3@CPE relative to Ag/AgCl. The pH effect of PBS shows that the number of protons and electrons was equal. The diffusion coefficient and the electro-catalytic rate constant were evaluated at 6.34x10-4 cm2/s and 3.4 cm3/mol/s respectively. The morphology and chemical composition of the prepared paste have been characterized by SEM, X-ray diffraction and IR, the size of Al2O3 microparticles is about 4.45 µm, the calibration curve has been plotted in the concentration range of 10−3 to 0.5×10−6 M using the Differential pulse voltammetry method. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated to be 0.253×10−6 M and 0.844×10−6 M, respectively. The applicability of our µAl2O3@CPE sensors in the determination of Metronidazole in real samples contaminated with the Metronidazole antibacterial, including tap water, river water and urine. The electro-analysis results obtained show a very satisfactory recovery rate of more than 94%.

Statistical analysis of the swelling process of casein microparticles based on single particle measurements

Film drying is used for the gentle production of casein microparticles. These result from aggregates that have previously formed in solution from micellar caseins in the presence of pectin under neutral pH conditions. The particles are stabilized by hydrophobic interactions and have a spherical shape. Their swelling behavior, which is enhanced with increasing pH, could be of interest for future applications in the field of drug encapsulation and release. The swelling of the microparticles occurs within minutes at pH 11, making it possible to perform a total of 46 consecutive individual tests. The analysis of the results showed that the microparticles keep their spherical shape during swelling. Furthermore, the swelling process proceeds in two steps, the rates of which are independent of the initial size of the casein microparticles. The values of the five parameters of the dynamic swelling model, which is used for the analysis of the kinetics, are examined with the Bravais-Pearson coefficient for pairwise linear correlations. Both swelling steps can be clearly distinguished with regard to rate and characteristic time, whereby the second swelling step at pH 11 consequently has a larger characteristic initial time but also a larger rate. For the first swelling step, the characteristic time and the rate coefficient are uncorrelated, while the rate for swelling step 2, which ends with the disintegration of the casein microparticles, is smaller the later it begins. Since there is a positive correlation between the characteristic times of the two swelling steps, it can be concluded that those particles are most stable for which the swelling process starts the latest. It seems plausible that a different degree of hydration of the microparticles after preparation is the cause of the observed stability differences.

Investigations on microstructure and tensile properties of as-cast ZA-27 metal matrix composite reinforced with zircon sand

Zinc-Aluminum alloys are employed as a bearing material in various machinery. In the present work zircon sand microparticles of size, 100 µm are dispersed in ZA-27 alloy with weight fractions of 1.5 wt%, 3.0 wt%, 4.5 wt%, and 6.0 wt% to synthesize ZA-27 metal matrix composites by stir casting. Microstructure studies using, SEM/EDAX conducted to determine the morphology of the particles and the ZA-27composites. Physical properties like density and porosity of the zircon sand microparticulate reinforced ZA-27 are evaluated and their effect on strength and ductility of the composites are evaluated using the tensile test. dispersion of zircon sand is seen in the SEM micrographs and EDAX confirms the same. The results obtained revealed an increase in tensile strength and yield strength at 3.0 wt%, 4.5 wt and 6.0 wt% at the cost of a reduction in percentage elongation when compared to ZA-27 alloy. The tensile behavior of ZA-27 composites is found to be affected by the dispersion of reinforcement in the matrix arising due to dislocation density.

Influences of target power and pulse width on the growth of diamond-like/graphite-like carbon coatings deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering

In this paper, diamond-like carbon (DLC)/graphite-like carbon (GLC) composite coatings were deposited by using high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS). The effect of HIPIMS mean power and pulse width on the surface morphology, carbon atomic bonding structure, mechanical properties, compressive stress, and tribological performance of the DLC/GLC coatings were characterized using laser scanning confocal microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nano-indentation, compressive stress tester, and ball-on-plate tribometer, respectively. The results show that the mean power and pulse width have significant influence on the formation of GLC microparticles and sp3 C-C content. Both increasing mean power and/or decreasing pulse width could increase the target current density, causing the enhancement of the ionization rate of carbon and subsequently improving the sp3 fraction of the coatings. Increasing pulse width would extend the arc discharge time, resulting to an increase in the amount and size of the GLC microparticles. The mechanical properties and compressive stress dominantly depend on the sp3 C-C fraction of the coatings. But the coating tribological performance shows a significant relationship with the embedded GLC microparticles that can help to decrease the friction coefficient. However, the relatively soft GLC microparticles would decrease the coating wear resistance. It is believed that the tribological performance of the DLC/GLC coatings can be controlled via adjusting the HIPIMS parameters.

Microparticle Size and Quantities Effect on the Mechanical Features of End of Life Tires in Thermoplastic Composites.

Currently, the huge use of tires generates large quantities of waste material which represents a severe environmental problem. The common technique used for processing waste tires is crushing using mechanical methods and separating tire components like fibers, metals, and rubber from the used tire. The aim of this research is the recycling of this rubber from crushed tires, called ground tire rubber (GTR). With this aim, the manuscript analyses key mechanical properties of the thermoplastic composites produced by blending of crushed and micronized small particles of waste rubber tires with several industrial thermoplastic polymers. These types of composites are defined based on the total amount GTR in percent by weight, in the composite, and also, the particle sizes used in each case, so these aforementioned two variables (microparticle size and amounts) along with seven common industrial polymers define a series of composites for which the mechanical properties were tested, studied, analyzed and finally presented. Finally, the results obtained show that this proposed recycling method could be a way to enhance some specific polymer properties and could contribute to reducing the total of end of life used tire stocks environmental problem.

A Novel Pool of Microparticle Cholesterol Is Elevated in Rheumatoid Arthritis but Not in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients

Microparticles are sub-micron, membrane-bound particles released from virtually all cells and which are present in the circulation. In several autoimmune disorders their amount and composition in the circulation is altered. Microparticle surface protein expression has been explored as a differentiating tool in autoimmune disorders where the clinical pictures can overlap. Here, we examine the utility of a novel lipid-based marker—microparticle cholesterol, present in all microparticles regardless of cellular origin—to distinguish between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We first isolated a series of microparticle containing lipoprotein deficient fractions from patient and control plasma. There were no significant differences in the size, structure or protein content of microparticles isolated from each group. Compared to controls, both patient groups contained significantly greater amounts of platelet and endothelial cell-derived microparticles. The cholesterol content of microparticle fractions isolated from RA patients was significantly greater than those from either SLE patients or healthy controls. Our data indicate that circulating non-lipoprotein microparticle cholesterol, which may account for 1–2% of measured cholesterol in patient samples, may represent a novel differentiator of disease, which is independent of cellular origin.

Polyphenol-Based Microencapsulated Extracts as Novel Green Insecticides for Sustainable Management of Polyphagous Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys Stål, 1855)

The brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys Stål, 1855) is an invasive polyphagous species that threatens fruit growing both in the United States and Europe. Many pesticide active ingredients have been studied in H. halys management, but for sustainable fruit growing, which implies the reduction of chemical harm to the environment, new safe insecticides should be implemented into the practice. For this purpose, novel green insecticide based on natural polyphenols of species Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni and Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott 1821 was developed. Stevia leaves (SLE) and Aronia pomace (APE) aqueous extracts were prepared using the ultrasound-assisted extraction method. Optimal extraction conditions for bioactive compounds (total polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and flavan-3-ols, respectively) and antioxidant activity were determined using response surface methodology. Bioactive compounds rich SLE and APE were encapsulated in calcium alginate microparticles by the ionic gelation method. Physicochemical characteristics (morphology, size, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and swelling) of microparticles showed very good properties with especially high encapsulation efficiency. Fitting to simple Korsmeyer–Peppa’s empirical model revealed that the underlying release mechanism of polyphenols is Fickian diffusion. SLE loaded microparticles showed very good pesticidal efficiency against Halyomorpha halys, especially on younger larval stages after both contact and digestive treatment. Microparticles loaded with APE did not achieve satisfactory digestive efficiency, but a certain toxic impact has been observed at contact application on all H. halys growth stages. Microparticles loaded with SLS exhibited prolonged insecticidal action against H. halys and could be a potential candidate as a green insecticide whose application could increase fruit growing safety.

Synthesis of Carbon Microparticles from Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus undatus) Peel Waste and Their Adsorption Isotherm Characteristics

This study aims to demonstrate the preparation of carbon microparticles obtained from red dragon fruit peel waste and their adsorption isotherm characteristics. The carbon microparticles were prepared by combining carbonization (at 250°C) and saw-milling process, and to get carbon microparticles with a specific size, sieve analysis was used. The adsorption isotherm was done by testing the adsorption ability of carbon microparticles with a specific size into curcumin solution in the batch-type reactor. The adsorption results were then compared to several standard isotherm models (i.e., Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models) for understanding what phenomena happen during the adsorption process. The adsorption analysis was also confirmed by testing several sizes of the carbon microparticles to predict the proposal mechanism in the adsorption process. The analysis results showed that the multilayer adsorption process occurs for all sizes in the micrometer range, and the process involves physical interactions between adsorbate and surface of adsorbent. The existence of multilayers is due to the possibility in the existence of porous structure in the carbon microparticles. This study is important for giving an alternative solution for reusable organic waste as well as supporting the fundamental researches in the further applications of carbon particles as catalyst and adsorbent.

Abstract 13482: The Size of Circulating Microparticles and Cardiac Function in Patients With Cardiac Surgery

Introduction: We previously demonstrated that circulating microparticles (MPs) from cardiac surgery impaired vasodilation. The usages of positive inotropic drugs and the NT-proBNP levels are the important parameters representing cardiac function after cardiac surgery. However, the relationship between the size of MPs and the usages of positive inotropic drugs and the NT-proBNP levels in patients with cardiac surgery remains unknown. Hypothesize: The size of circulating MPs may correct with the usages of positive inotropic drugs and the NT-proBNP levels in patients with cardiac surgery. Methods: 103 patients undergone cardiac surgery and 56 healthy subjects were enrolled. The blood was collected from healthy subjects and patients before (pre-op) and after operation 12h (post-op 12h) and 72 h (post-op 72h). The MPs were isolated by differential centrifugation. The concentration and size distribution of MPs were detected by nanoparticle tracking analysis system. The clinical data were collected and the correlation was performed between the MPs and the clinical data. Results: The level of MPs was increased in patients compared with healthy subjects. There was no significant difference of MPs concentration among the different time points (per-op, post-op 12h and post-op 72h) in patients. The MPs were divided into four groups according to the size (0-100nm, 100-200nm, 200-300nm and 300-400nm). The levels of “100-200nm” MPs were decreased in post-op 12h and post-op 72h groups compared with per-op group, but the levels of “200-300nm” MPs were increased after operation. In post-op12h group, the concentration of “0-100nm” MPs was negatively correlated with the NT-proBNP levels, the dose of dopamine, norepinephrine and milrinone, and the level of “200-300nm” MPs were positively correlated with NT-proBNP levels. In post-op72h group, the level of “0-100nm” MPs was negatively correlated with NT-proBNP levels, and the concentration of “200-300nm” MPs was negatively correlated with the dose of dobutamine. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that the size of circulating MPs is corrected with the usages of positive inotropic drugs and the NT-proBNP levels in patients with cardiac surgery, and may predict the cardiac function after cardiac surgery.

Hybrid Porous Microparticles Based on a Single Organosilica Cyclophosphazene Precursor.

Porous organosilica microparticles consisting of silane-derived cyclophosphazene bridges were synthesized by a surfactant-mediated sol-gel process. Starting from the substitution of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with allylamine, two different precursors were obtained by anchoring three or six alkoxysilane units, via a thiol-ene photoaddition reaction. In both cases, spherical, microparticles (size average of ca. 1000 nm) with large pores were obtained, confirmed by both, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Particles synthesized using the partially functionalized precursor containing free vinyl groups were further functionalized with a thiol-containing molecule. While most other reported mesoporous organosilica particles are essentially hybrids with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), a unique feature of these particles is that structural control is achieved by exclusively using organosilane precursors. This allows an increase in the proportion of the co-components and could springboard these novel phosphorus-containing organosilica microparticles for different areas of technology.

Chitosan microparticles as entrapment system for trans- cinnamaldehyde: Synthesis, drug loading, and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation

The ionic gelation method was used to study the effect of the crosslinking agent, sodium tripolyphosphate on average particle size (Dp) and zeta potential (ζp) of chitosan microparticles (CSMP) unloaded and loaded with trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCIN). The obtained values of Dp and ζp trend as 117.6 ± 0.4 ≤ Dp ≤ 478.5 ± 3.5 nm and +27.8 ± 1.3 ≤ ζp ≤ +103.5 ± 4.2 mV, respectively. The entrapment efficiency of TCIN in CSMP was 9.1 ± 2.0% and 71.5 ± 2.9% was released after 360 min (pH = 6.5) which reveals a potential anti-cancer activity in acidic environment. Cytotoxicity of TCIN in DMSO (0–50 μM) was evaluated on MDCK and HeLa cell lines and exhibited low effect at either 24 or 48 h of exposure; whereas TCIN-loaded CSMP (0–50 μM) showed, after 24 h of exposure, 67.6 ± 7.0 and 64.5 ± 3.9% cytotoxicity for MDCK and HeLa cell lines, respectively. At 48 h of exposure, TCIN-loaded CSMP achieved 81.1 ± 0.26 and 77.9 ± 4.2% cytotoxicity for MDCK and HeLa cell lines, respectively.

The Effects of the Solvent Choice of the Continuous Phase on the Poly(Urea-Urethane) Microcapsules Properties

Xylitol, a natural crystalline polyol, presents a cooling effect due to its negative heat of solution at 35 °C supported by humidity absorption, contributing to a fresh sensation when it dissolves. Since this material is sometimes in a liquid state, it cannot be incorporated in or onto a substrate without being protected. One of the strategies to protect the active substance may be forming a barrier layer at its surface, i.e., microencapsulation. The present work is devoted to studying the effect of continuous phase parameters affecting on encapsulation of xylitol with a poly (urea-urethane) shell through a two-step microencapsulation process. The first step is liquid-liquid dispersion either in toluene or Miglyol 812N, and the second step is microencapsulation by interfacial polymerization. The process can be used to control the size distribution of the microparticles, the thickness, and the chemical nature of the shell, which influences the release rate of the active substance. The choice of the continuous phase solvent (toluene or Miglyol 812N) required some changes in the formulation of the system, especially the HLB of the surfactant mixture, to obtain a stable emulsion with a narrow particle size distribution. The thermo-chemical and morphological characteristics of microparticles were studied by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), enthalpy of dilution, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The microparticle size is governed by the emulsion step and the chemical composition of the organic phase. Most of the thermal properties are related to their porous structure and their chemical shell formation during the interfacial polymerization step.

Catalytically Active Copper Phosphate–Dextran Sulfate Microparticle Coatings for Bioanalyte Sensing

AbstractEngineering reactive and functional nanostructured surfaces is important for enhancing the sensitivity and versatility of biosensors and microreactors. For example, the assembly of hybrid inorganic–organic porous microparticles on surfaces may provide a catalytic microenvironment for a wide range of reactions. Herein, the synthesis of catalytically active porous dextran sulfate–copper phosphate hybrid microparticles by a facile and rapid crystallization process in aqueous solution is reported. The sulfated polysaccharide enables control over the size and hierarchical morphology of the hybrid microparticles, as well as their assembly into stable macroporous coatings. The engineered microparticle coatings display intrinsic nonenzymatic peroxidase‐like catalytic activity when employed as a platform for the detection of hydrogen peroxide. Pairing of the microparticle coating with glucose oxidase affords a hybrid platform that is employed as a glucose sensor for monitoring physiological concentrations of a given analyte via a hybrid enzymatic/nonenzymatic cascade reaction. This work presents a strategy for the assembly of hybrid porous microparticles into enzyme‐mimicking surfaces for copper‐based catalysis and biochemical analyte sensing.

Enhancement of schizophyllan production in Schizophyllum commune using microparticles in medium.

Schizophyllum commune is a wood-rotting filamentous fungus that secrets a homopolysaccharide called as schizophyllan. Schizophyllan has several applications such as enhanced oil recovery, pharmaceutical materials and an anti-cancer drug carrier. Biomass growth and schizophyllan production increase the viscosity of the cultivation medium, thus resulting in mass transfer limitation for the substrate. In this study, adding talc and aluminium oxide microparticles into the cultivation medium was studied to improve the fungal growth and morphology. The response surface methodology and one factor at a time were applied to find the effects of microparticles with different sizes and concentrations on the schizophyllan production. The optimum concentration and size of aluminium oxide microparticles were obtained as 20gL-1 and < 30µm, respectively. Aluminium oxide microparticles in shake flask culture caused to increase the schizophyllan production from 10 to 15gL-1 and decrease the cultivation time from 10 to 7days. The production yield also increased from 0.11 to 0.30g of schizophyllan/g glucose. Bioreactor cultivation showed a twofold increase in schizophyllan production from 1.5 to 3gL-1. The results of this study suggested a significant increase in the production of schizophyllan using a low-cost "microparticle-enhanced cultivation" without any further optimization of the culture medium.

Determination of the Porosity of Silicon Dioxide Microparticles by the Method of Refractive Index Matching

The porosity of silica microparticles synthesized by the Stober–Fink–Bohn method was determined by the method of refractive index matching. The values of the total porosity of particles for different transmission radiation wavelengths are obtained. The limits of applicability of the method, which are associated with the ratio of the radiation wavelength to the size of microparticles, are analyzed.

Identification of characteristic starch properties of wheat varieties used to commercially produce dried noodles

SummaryThe starch physicochemical properties of wheat varieties used to commercially produce dried noodles were studied. Scanning electron microscopy and laser microparticle size analyser were used to observe the starch particles; the polymorphism of the waxy (Wx) protein of each wheat variety was also studied. The correlation analysis among commonalities of the starch physicochemical properties and noodle textural properties was performed. Results indicated that the amylose contents of the noodle wheat varieties ranged from 17.8% to 21.7%. There was a significant, positive correlation between the thermodynamic temperature of starch and the volume distribution of particle size. The correlation between the volume distribution of B‐type starch granules and noodle springiness was significant, which means that volume distribution of starch particle size could be used as one of the indicators to evaluate the springiness of noodles. Molecular polymorphism identification of Wx protein was also useful to select desirable noodle wheat variety. The results of this study provide useful information for wheat breeding works and wheat variety selection of noodle‐making company.

Radachlorin-Containing Microparticles for Photodynamic Therapy.

Purpose: Reducing the undesirable systemic effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be achieved by incorporating a photosensitizer in microparticles (MPs). This study is devoted to the preparation of biocompatible biodegradable MPs with the inclusion of the natural photosensitizer Radachlorin (RС) and an assessment of the possibility of their use for PDT. Methods: RC-containing MPs (RС MPs) with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA) matrix were prepared by a double emulsion solvent evaporation methods. The size and morphology of RC MPs were surveyed using scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The content of RC, its release from RC MPs, and singlet oxygen generation were evaluated by the optical spectroscopy. Cellular uptake and cytotoxic photodynamic effect of RC MPs were investigated with in vitro assays.Results: The average diameter of the prepared RC MPs was about 2-3 μm. The RC MPs prepared by the water/oil/oil method had a significantly higher inclusion of RC (1.74 μg/mg) then RC MPs prepared by the water/oil/water method (0.089 μg/mg). Exposure of the prepared RC MPs to PDT light radiation was accompanied by the singlet oxygen generation and a cytotoxic effect for tumor cells. The release of the RC from the RC MPs was prolonged and lasted at least two weeks.Conclusion: PLGA RC MPs were found to cause a photoactivated cytotoxic effect for tumor cells and can be used for local application in PDT of tumors.

The Effect of Particle Size and Surface Roughness of Spray-Dried Bosentan Microparticles on Aerodynamic Performance for Dry Powder Inhalation.

The purpose of this study was to prepare spray dried bosentan microparticles for dry powder inhaler and to characterize its physicochemical and aerodynamic properties. The microparticles were prepared from ethanol/water solutions containing bosentan using spray dryer. Three types of formulations (SD60, SD80, and SD100) depending on the various ethanol concentrations (60%, 80%, and 100%, respectively) were used. Bosentan microparticle formulations were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, laser diffraction particle sizing, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dissolution test, and in vitro aerodynamic performance using Andersen cascade impactor™ (ACI) system. In addition, particle image velocimetry (PIV) system was used for directly confirming the actual movement of the aerosolized particles. Bosentan microparticles resulted in formulations with various shapes, surface morphology, and particle size distributions. SD100 was a smooth surface with spherical morphology, SD80 was a rough surfaced with spherical morphology and SD60 was a rough surfaced with corrugated morphology. SD100, SD80, and SD60 showed significantly high drug release up to 1 h compared with raw bosentan. The aerodynamic size of SD80 and SD60 was 1.27 µm and SD100 was 6.95 µm. The microparticles with smaller particle size and a rough surface aerosolized better (%FPF: 63.07 ± 2.39 and 68.27 ± 8.99 for SD60 and SD80, respectively) than larger particle size and smooth surface microparticle (%FPF: 22.64 ± 11.50 for SD100).