Size Of Capital Investment Research Articles

Issues of efficiency of financing the agricultural sector

In many economically developed countries, state support, financial investments in the agricultural industry, increasing productivity and profitability, ensuring the availability of food are the main factors of economic growth, first of all, employment of the population. Purpose - the main problems of financing the agro-industrial complex of the republic and scientific approaches to their solution are considered. Methods - comparative analysis, synthesis, monographic, logical evaluation to determine the mechanisms affecting the effectiveness of state aid and investment. Results - the article analyzes the sources of budgetary allocation of the agrarian sector. The significance of the implementation of targeted programs aimed at improving the quality of life of rural residents through price, tax, leasing mechanisms, soft loans and subsidies is shown. The study presents information for 2018-2022, supplemented by the data of the National Project on the development of agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2021-2025, including the total volume of agro-industrial production and the size of capital investments. The study notes the need to increase the volume of domestic processing industry, allowing agricultural producers to expand the market for products, create conditions for new jobs, attract investment, and contribute to economic and social stability. Conclusions - specialization of rural areas, development of technical map and related organization of production in promising villages and district centers, increase in exports, distribution of online services are strategic directions of development of food complex, economic activity of agroformations. The use of external resources gives an opportunity to improve financial results, and farms - to increase income from core activities. When planning large investments in agricultural projects, one of the key criteria is the choice of capital structure to support the investment process.

Financing green industrial transitions: A Swedish case study

Achieving global climate targets requires massive reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from energy-intensive industrial sectors. We investigate whether financing is an important obstacle for radical emission reduction in industry. We study Sweden as a case of a country that is comparatively advanced in its planning for transitions to low-carbon industrial production. We find that the size of capital investments or the availability of financing for these investments is not perceived as a significant obstacle. There are a number of factors explaining this, such as the fact that the companies involved in this study are well-established, large corporates, and hence well placed to finance their transition plans through conventional corporate finance channels, that conditions for market demand are good in the EU, and that many of the firms are in early stages of developing new technologies, when capital need is smaller compared to later stages. We also find that many financial actors express a strong appetite for sustainable investments. Finally, we observe that despite financing not being perceived as an obstacle, there is still a large and important role to play for public actors for reducing the risk of investments and accelerating the pace of change going forward.

Development of rural areas in the context of implementation of agricultural policy

The socio-economic development of rural areas of Kazakhstan is largely determined by the magnitude and degree of use of potential, effectiveness of which largely depends on optimal combination of its constituent elements involved in economic turnover. The main directions of modern social policy are to improve the quality of life and modernize the national economy to ensure the required level of income for the rural population. The goal is to develop methodological provisions for a holistic assessment of the state and prospects for increasing the internal reserves of rural areas. Methods – comparative and system analysis, statistical-economic, logical generalization. Results – it is noted that target indicators are key indicators: level of agro-industrial production per capita, employment, average monthly wages of rural residents, the size of capital investments, consumer prices, environmental well-being. The authors focus on the importance of improving engineering and logistics infrastructure, expanding the capabilities of border rural settlements, uniting small farms and organizing agricultural cooperatives, allowing farmers to reduce costs for fertilizers, fuels and lubricants, feed, increase the volume of production through the sharing of land, agricultural machinery, stable sales of goods. Conclusions - the Concept for the Development of Rural Territories of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2023-2027 provides for a number of measures to involve villagers in local self-government, provide state support, spread agritourism, stimulate exports, ensure environmental safety and, in general, aimed at the systemic restructuring of the Kazakh village, where a significant number of rural population with high opportunities for sustainable growth. Such organizational and managerial approaches help solve the demographic situation and investment attractiveness of rural areas.

Management of Non-current Assets and Capital Investments in Enterprises of the Agro-industrial Sector: A Case Study of Ukraine

In the article we proved that, in the modern conditions of doing business in Ukraine, there is a high specific weight of operating non-current assets in the non-current assets of agricultural enterprises, which is caused by their production direction and sale of products in wholesale lots. In order to study the formed trend, the polynomial trend line of the specific weight of operating non-current assets in the composition of non-current assets of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine is displayed. The features of non-current asset management in agriculture are determined by certain features regarding their use, which include the slowness of capital movement, uneven loading, the irrationality of formation, and low liquidity. In the article, we established that the value of long-term biological assets of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine increased during the research period. However, at the same time, there was a simultaneous reduction in the specific weight of these assets, both as part of the total assets of enterprises and as part of non-current assets. That is, it can be concluded that the increase in the value of biological assets in agricultural enterprises is caused solely by the increase in prices for finished products and an increase in their cost price. Based on the results of the study, it was established that during the analyzed period, investments in the agricultural sector had a growing trend for a long time. Drop in investments that occurred in 2020-2021 was due to the crisis impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in a general reduction in investment activity in the markets. According to the results of the analysis of the relationship between the size of capital investments and the level of profitability of enterprises in the agrarian sector of Ukraine, such interdependence was found in the studied period for medium-sized and small agricultural enterprises. According to the results of our research, cartograms of the grouping of regions of Ukraine by the specific weight of capital investments in tangible and intangible non-current assets of the agricultural industry of Ukraine in January-December 2020 were built, which allows realizing the visualization of the presentation of the obtained scientific results. In addition, from the research results we obtained, we can draw a conclusion about the high attractiveness of medium-sized enterprises in the agrarian sector as an object for capital investment.

In the Middle: American Multinationals in China and Trade War Politics

AbstractWhich factors make some American multinational corporations (MNCs) take political action in response to the US–China Trade War and cause others to stay on the sidelines? We identify China-based subsidiaries of US firms to identify firms’ political actions in response to the trade war. We combine data on firms’ tariff exposure, economic actions in China, and political actions in the United States during the trade war. Together these data highlight the divergent strategies with which firms engage. Even though more than 63 percent of MNCs in our sample were adversely impacted by tariffs, only 22 percent voice opposition and 7 percent exit in response to the trade war. Our analysis reveals that US MNCs in China differ in their business models, ownership structure, experience in China, and size of capital investments. These firm-level factors determine the degree to which US MNCs are embedded in China. This in turn shapes how firms perceive political risk and choose from the menu of options to deal with the trade war. Size and age increase voice while joint-venture status decreases it.

Ecological factors of increasing the efficiency of the use and protection of protective forest strips

The purpose of the study is to establish and substantiate ecological factors to increase the efficiency of the use and protection of protective forest strips. Using the example of studying the climatic, soil and ecological features of the IV accumulative plain landscape with plowed steppes (Krasnodar Krai), the role of protective forest strips in ensuring the environmental stability of adjacent territories was established, the level of desmogenicity of agroforestry system was determined, and a local assessment of the qualitative condition of individual sections of forest strips was carried out.The areas and the size of capital investments in measures for the care, felling and laying of protective forest strips have been determined. On the example of Krasnodar Krai, ecological and economic factors have been established to increase the efficiency of the use and protection of protective forest strips, which include an assessment of the qualitative state in the inventory process using GIS technologies within the boundaries of natural landscapes, the specification of forest strips by ownership forms, their restoration in an area that provides a protective and water-regulating function. The implementation of forest reclamation measures will ensure the stabilization of natural landscapes and agricultural landscapes, obtaining the effect of the full protective interaction of all elements of the agroforestry system in agricultural landscape.

CITIES OF THE TYUMEN REGION IN THE 1970S: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRENDS IN FERTILITY AND MORTALITY

In the post-war period, industrial development in the east of the country was often carried out through the formation of territorial production complexes. They were distinguished by the size of capital investments, the pace of industrial growth, and the number of settlements being created. In this regard, it is of great interest how such economic development influenced the nature of demographic processes. The formation of the population of the Tyumen region during the formation of the West Siberian oil and gas complex has already been well studied, many works have been published in which the personnel problems of enterprises and the growth rates of its cities were studied. However, the reproduction of the population has not been studied enough, it is not entirely clear how much the birth rate and mortality changed at different stages of industrial growth. This work is a logical continuation of the article published earlier and devoted to the analysis of demographic trends in the previous inter-census period (1959-1970). The main purpose of the article is to study the total fertility rate and life expectancy, taking into account the changes that have occurred in the social, economic, cultural and everyday life of the population. To solve it, the methods of conditional generation, index, historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods were used in a complex. The article reveals for the first time that demographic trends in the cities of the Tyumen region, in general, corresponded to the processes taking place in Western Siberia. Nevertheless, the nature of socio-economic development in the period under review had a certain impact on the reproduction of the urban population. The growth of investments in housing construction, the development of public utilities, social and household infrastructure contributed to the fact that life expectancy decreased slightly. Moreover, the situation with mortality has improved to the greatest extent in the northern regions. Due to the spread of urban culture, changes in the socio-educational structure of society, migration flows and urban settlement, the birth rate has decreased. In this regard, the nature of reproduction of the urban population in the 1970s became closer to the average Western Siberian indicators.

Network and government intervention influencing sustainability and business growth of SMEs: a study with Indian MSMEs

The role of corporate sustainability in driving business performance has been well researched in case of big corporations for developed nations. But in the case of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) very limited research has been conducted to explore the business benefit derived out of sustainable business practices. In spite of their contribution to the economy, most of the SMEs fail to maintain a sustainable growth path in the long run. The current paper tries to estimate how effective utilisation of their business network and government intervention influences the growth of SMEs through their sustainability performance. A self-administered questionnaire was developed and responses were collected from 200 SMEs in and around Kolkata. The data was analysed using partial least square techniques of structural equation modelling in SPSS. Results showed that both government intervention and network utilisation positively influence business growth of SMEs through their social and environmental sustainability. Also, the size of capital investment has a moderating effect on the strength of this relationship. The practical implication of the model in the Indian context has also been discussed along with future research possibilities.

Network and government intervention influencing sustainability and business growth of SMEs: a study with Indian MSMEs

The role of corporate sustainability in driving business performance has been well researched in case of big corporations for developed nations. But in the case of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) very limited research has been conducted to explore the business benefit derived out of sustainable business practices. In spite of their contribution to the economy, most of the SMEs fail to maintain a sustainable growth path in the long run. The current paper tries to estimate how effective utilisation of their business network and government intervention influences the growth of SMEs through their sustainability performance. A self-administered questionnaire was developed and responses were collected from 200 SMEs in and around Kolkata. The data was analysed using partial least square techniques of structural equation modelling in SPSS. Results showed that both government intervention and network utilisation positively influence business growth of SMEs through their social and environmental sustainability. Also, the size of capital investment has a moderating effect on the strength of this relationship. The practical implication of the model in the Indian context has also been discussed along with future research possibilities.

Prediction of highway asphalt pavement performance based on Markov chain and artificial neural network approach

In order to study the problems of inadequate maintenance measures, inappropriate maintenance time, and unreasonable use of funds in asphalt pavement maintenance of Highway in China, the maintenance of highway pavement is taken as the research object in this study, and a prediction model is established for preventive maintenance performance of highway by using neural network. Firstly, the performance of pavement is evaluated. The pavement performance prediction model is studied, and some mature prediction models are introduced. It is concluded that for the early built highways, the models are used when the acceptance of maintenance and preventive maintenance concepts is poor and the pavement performance shows a decreasing trend, but for the existing maintenance and preventive maintenance sections, the pavement performance detection shows a wave. The dynamic descent section is not suitable. The results show that the forecasting model proposed in this study is consistent with the development trend of the measured results, and can be used to predict the pavement performance under this model. Therefore, a theoretical basis is provided for the investment of highway maintenance funds and the scientific selection of maintenance schemes. The study has important guiding significance for the future highway management units in the selection of maintenance measures, the determination of maintenance timing, and the size of capital investment.

ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE FACTORS ON UKRAINIAN REGIONS DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING AND MUNICIPAL ECONOMY

It is determined that the specific feature of housing and communal services is the territorial dissociation of housing and communal facilities that require round-the-clock reliable operation, the need for operative, and in some cases - emergency nature of the work of huge volumes and labor intensities, which involve the widespread use of machines, mechanisms and means of small mechanization of various purposes. A number of industrial constraints have been formed, which are the subject of an annual survey of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioners, and water supply, sewerage, waste management companies. In order to find out the trend in the changes in the influence of each factor on the prospects of branch development, the linear trends of the enterprises of industrial production of electricity supply, gas, steam and conditioned air, and water supply enterprises, sewage, waste management were determined. According to the classical definitions, the positive values of the trend line coefficients indicate an increase in the indicators, and negative ones – a decrease; the greater the absolute value of the determined coefficient, the « faster » is the increase or decrease. Similar statistical data processing was carried out for water supply, sewage, waste management companies. Linear trend coefficients for each of the factors of influence were counted. It was revealed that the weight of the influence factors and their ranking are identical in both branches. And the tendency to change their influence over time is excellent. So, despite the greatest impact of financial constraints, over time, « claims » to them gradually decrease. Lack of labor will eventually become more significant. That is, enterprises of industrial production of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, and enterprises of water supply, sewage, waste management over time depend less on demand, raw materials, materials, equipment. It is noted that the financial results of the utilities enterprises directly depend on the size of capital investments. Financial results of the enterprise industry during the observation time highly depend on financial restrictions, which in the future only increase. Lack of labor has almost no effect on enterprise activity.

Wpływ zmian dotyczących pomocy publicznej w perspektywie finansowej 2014–2020 na działalność przedsiębiorców w Specjalnych Strefach Ekonomicznych w Polsce

New Financial Framework 2014–2020 changes the rules of regional public aid. The aim of the article is to present these changes and their impact on the entrepreneurs who want to start their investment with the permit to operate in the special economic zone. The second aim is the analysis of the effects of each of the special economic zones’ activities based on the indicators like the number of permits to conduct business in the areas of special economic zones, the size of capital investment of zones’ entrepreneurs and the level of employment.

Some Comments upon the North-South Differential

In a recent article published in this Journal' Professors Sufrin, Swinyard, and Stephenson attempted to account for North-South annual earnings differential by analyzing this variable in terms of phenomena which characterize two geographical regions. Among chief annual wage determinants considered were relative size of urban centers, number of manufacturing establishments in local labor market, number of employees per establishment in community, and productivity of labor. Value added by manufacture was used as an index to last determinant. The authors concluded that lower annual earnings in South (and, obversely, higher annual earnings in North) are attributable to the product of two factors: (1) size of capital investment in market, and (2) productivity of factory employing particular employee.2 The purpose of this article is to examine validity of bases upon which these conclusions rest and to offer at least one other explanation of North-South annual earnings differential-a fundamental cause which seems to have escaped attention of authors.