Size Fit Research Articles

VO2 films obtained by V2O5 nanoparticle suspension reduction

Applications of vanadium dioxide, VO2, able to modulate near-infrared radiation by changing from a transparent to a reflective/absorptive state, remain limited by its shaping as transparent films. In this work, a V2O5@PVP core-shell structure is designed prior to the formation of island-structured VO2 films. Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) is used as a surface stabilizer for the preparation of V2O5 NP suspensions; additionally, PVP acts as a reducing agent during the film post-annealing process, helping the V2O5→VO2 transformation under dynamic vacuum. Using in situ TG-FTIR characterization, the reducing mechanism is carefully discussed and analyzed. Finally, a uniform VO2 film is fabricated with an attractive gray color and excellent thermal stability. Three strategies with various sintering parameters are used to optimize the film's morphology, i.e., surface coverage. In the last strategy, the thermochromic behavior of the designed island-structure VO2 film is simulated based on Mie scattering theory in consideration of surface coverage and “island” particle size fitting with our experiments. This pioneering work provides guidance for future studies on discontinuous VO2 films.

Clinical Impact of the Size of Drug-Coated Balloon Therapy on Restenosis Rate in Femoropopliteal Lesions

Purpose: Although the size of drug-coated balloons (DCBs) is determined according to the vessel diameter during femoropopliteal (FP)-endovascular therapy (EVT), the measurements of the vessel diameter vary among modalities and its definitions. The aim of this study was to reveal whether the DCB size fitting (1) angiographically-measured lumen diameter (Angio-lumen size), (2) intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-measured lumen diameter (IVUS-lumen size), or (3) IVUS-measured external elastic membrane (EEM) diameter (IVUS-EEM size) would be beneficial in restenosis occurrence. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 231 de novo FP lesions in 165 patients with peripheral artery disease treated with IN.PACT Admiral DCB under IVUS evaluation. The reference vessel diameter was evaluated as the lumen or EEM diameter at the healthy site distal to the lesion. We retrospectively determined whether the DCB size was close to (ie, equal to or different by <0.5 mm from) Angio-lumen size, IVUS-lumen size, and IVUS-EEM size. The association of the size of DCB with restenosis risk was investigated. Results: The mean lesion length was 13 ± 9 cm and the prevalence of chronic total occlusion was 18%. During a mean follow-up period of 17 ± 9 months, restenosis occurred in 26% of lesions. Lesions treated with a DCB of IVUS-EEM size had a lower 2 year restenosis rate than those treated with a DCB over/under IVUS-EEM size (19.7 ± 5.7% vs 34.5 ± 4.7%, p=0.02 by the log-rank test), while the restenosis rate was not significantly different between DCBs of Angio-lumen size or IVUS-lumen size and those over/under the size (both p>0.05). The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that DCBs of IVUS-EEM size were independently associated with a reduced risk of restenosis (adjusted hazard ratio 0.50; 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.95; p=0.03). Conclusion: The DCBs of IVUS-EEM size, but not of Angio-lumen size or IVUS-lumen size, were associated with a reduced risk of restenosis after FP-EVT. Determining the DCB size according to IVUS-evaluated EEM diameter would be potentially beneficial in restenosis occurrence.

The impact of different step rate threshold methods on physical activity intensity in older adults

BackgroundOlder adults benefit most from engaging in higher-intensity physical activity, which is often determined using step rate thresholds. Fixed step rate thresholds that correspond to moderate (MPA) and vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) have been developed for heuristic activity promotion. The activPAL monitor uses step rate thresholds to determine activity intensity. Stepping thresholds may also vary based on body mass index (BMI) or aerobic fitness level in older adults. Despite the various thresholds used in the literature, it is unclear whether they produce similar outcomes. Research QuestionHow does time spent in physical activity intensities compare between different step rate thresholds in older adults? MethodsThirty-eight participants (24♀; 67 ± 4 years; BMI: 26.6 ± 4.4 kg/m2) wore an activPAL monitor 24-hr/day for up to 7-d (total: 205-d). Aerobic fitness (V̇O2max: 23 ± 8 ml/kg/min) was determined via indirect calorimetry during a maximal, graded cycling test. Time spent in each intensity category (light-physical-activity [LPA], MPA, VPA) was determined using the fixed (MPA/VPA) 100/130, 110/130, and activPAL step rate thresholds (74/212), as well as BMI-adjusted absolute (108.5 ± 2.5/134.0 ± 4.8) and BMI-adjusted relative (40%/60% V̇O2max; 111.4 ± 14.7/132.0 ± 19.0) cut-offs. Times spent in each intensity category were compared between methods. ResultsThe activPAL and 100/130 thresholds yielded less LPA and more MPA than all other methods. The activPAL had no time spent in VPA at all. The BMI-adjusted absolute and relative thresholds produced statistically equivalent time in LPA and MPA (via equivalence testing), but not VPA. No two methods yielded similar time spent in LPA, MPA, or VPA. SignificanceThe choice of step rate threshold has a major impact on physical activity intensity outcomes in older adults. Inherently, strategies that adjust for older adults’ body size and/or aerobic fitness level provide a more individualized data processing strategy than fixed thresholds that assume the same threshold for all older adults

Brief communication: Chest radiography score in young COVID-19 patients: Does one size fit all?

During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, chest X-Ray (CXR) scores are essential to rapidly assess patients' prognoses. This study evaluates a published CXR score in a different national healthcare system. In our study, this CXR score maintains a prognostic role in predicting length of hospital stay, but not disease severity. However, our results show that the predictive role of CXR score could be influenced by socioeconomic status and healthcare system.

Octogenarians needing reoperative aortic valve surgery-Does one size fit all?

Early and midterm outcomes, rather than long-term outcomes, are perhaps more relevant in octogenarians undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) or redo-surgical aortic valve replacement. Considering that early and midterm outcomes are similar with both the interventions, TAVR appears to be an attractive option in these patients. However, decision-making should consider other factors like presence of porcelain aorta, or severe primary mitral regurgitation among others that may influence the strategy to be adopted. The philosophy of shared decision making, and heart team consultation is, therefore, ever most relevant in these high-risk and vulnerable groups of patients. The recommendations rather than being universal must be individualized based on the type of previous surgery carried out, need for isolated AVR or concomitant surgery, co-morbid conditions, available expertise, and patient choice.

Can One Size Fit All: A Multi-group Analysis of Indian Corporates

This study aims to investigate the relationship among the various institutional pressures, corporate social responsibility, legitimacy, and reputation in the context of Indian corporates. It also provides an in-depth industry-wise analysis for the said relationship. BSE 500 listed companies form the population for this pan-India primary research. PLS-SEM is the statistical technique adopted to examine the relationship between research constructs. The overall industry analysis established a positive association between all six institutional pressures and CSR activities, but the comprehensive multigroup industrial analysis revealed that kind of institutional pressures that are important to corporates vary across industries. Multi-group analysis points out that—local communities, peers, and media are statistically significant for high as well as low impact industries. But government and NGOs are not statistically significant pressure groups for low impact industries. However, industry associations are not important as a pressure group for both high impact as well as low impact industries. Furthermore, legitimacy is seen to fully mediate the relationship between CSR and reputation for the national level survey.

Does One Size Fit All? A Case Study to Discuss Findings of an Augmented Hands-Free Robot Teleoperation Concept for People with and without Motor Disabilities

Hands-free robot teleoperation and augmented reality have the potential to create an inclusive environment for people with motor disabilities. It may allow them to teleoperate robotic arms to manipulate objects. However, the experiences evoked by the same teleoperation concept and augmented reality can vary significantly for people with motor disabilities compared to those without disabilities. In this paper, we report the experiences of Miss L., a person with multiple sclerosis, when teleoperating a robotic arm in a hands-free multimodal manner using a virtual menu and visual hints presented through the Microsoft HoloLens 2. We discuss our findings and compare her experiences to those of people without disabilities using the same teleoperation concept. Additionally, we present three learning points from comparing these experiences: a re-evaluation of the metrics used to measure performance, being aware of the bias, and considering variability in abilities, which evokes different experiences. We consider these learning points can be extrapolated to carrying human–robot interaction evaluations with mixed groups of participants with and without disabilities.

Does One Size Fit All? Comparing the Determinants of the Fintech Market Segments Expansion

Does One Size Fit All? Comparing the Determinants of the Fintech Market Segments Expansion

2013-2018年武夷山亚热带常绿阔叶林乔木层动态

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 2013-2018年武夷山亚热带常绿阔叶林乔木层动态 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202007051746 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项（GYZX200203）；生态环境部生物多样性保护重大工程（ZDGC2019-007-04）；中央级科学事业单位修缮购置专项（2060503） Dynamics of arbor layer in the Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in the Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Province, southeastern China in 2013-2018 Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:从植物群落组成和结构的角度研究森林群落的演替规律，是探究森林群落的退化与恢复过程及相关机制的重要途径，对于指导天然林保护和恢复具有重要理论价值和实践意义。2018年，对面积为9.6 hm2的武夷山亚热带常绿阔叶林样地进行了第2轮调查，并从重要值、物种多度、物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数、死亡率、补员率、种群大小变化率、相对适合度、胸径变异系数等角度分析了乔木层群落动态。结果表明：2018年的乔木个体为48科88属174种，较2013年增加了1种。Margalef丰富度指数上升，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson指数、Pielou均匀度指数均略有下降。DBH≥1 cm的乔木个体从68336个减少到63897个，共死亡7430个个体，补员2991个个体。群落的年死亡率为2.30%，年补员率为0.96%，种群大小变化率为-1.34%，相对适合度为0.42。群落的平均胸径从5.02（±0.02） cm上升为5.49（±0.03） cm。28个重要值之和由71.92%下降为71.81%，年死亡率为2.46%，年补员率为0.79%，种群大小变化率和相对适合度分别为-1.67%和0.46。物种数增加和群落总个体数下降对Margalef丰富度指数的上升产生直接影响。常见种减少，稀有种增加，预示着一般性扰动会给常见种的种群带来更大的影响。建落种或优势种的缺乏且许多物种优势程度接近，可能使处于同一林冠层的树种对光照等资源的激烈竞争产生导致的高死亡率和低补员率。赤杨叶（Alniphyllum fortunei）、木荷（Schima superba）等阳生树种的种群更新困难可能意味着群落发生了有利于中生和阴生树种的变化。 Abstract:Studying the forest community succession by understanding the characteristics of plant community composition and structure is an important way to explore the degradation and restoration processes, as well as the related mechanisms of forest communities. The study also has important theoretical and practical significance for guiding the conservation and restoration of natural forests. In 2018, relevant data was gathered by the second investigation in the Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest plot with an area of 9.6 hm2 in the Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Province, southeastern China. Community dynamics of arbor layer was analyzed based on the perspectives of importance value, species abundance, species richness, Shannon-Wiener Index, Simpson Index, Margalef Index, Pielou Index, mortality rate, recruitment rate, rate of population size change, fitness, and coefficient of diameter at breast height (DBH) variation. The results showed that the community of trees was 48 families, 88 genera, 174 species in 2018, which increased by 1 species compared with 2013. Margalef Index rose, while Shannon-Wiener Index, Simpson Index and Pielou Index declined in the past 5 years. The tree individuals with DBH ≥ 1 cm was reduced from 68336 to 63897, with 7430 dead, and 2991 recruited individuals. Annual mortality rate, annual recruitment rate, rate of population size change, and fitness of the community were 2.30%, 0.96%, -1.34%, and 0.42, respectively. The average DBH of all trees in this community increased from 5.02 (±0.02) cm to 5.49 (±0.03) cm. The total of importance value for the 28 common tree species with higher importance value (>1%) decreased from 71.92% in 2013 to 71.81% in 2018. Annual mortality rate, annual recruitment rate, rate of population size change, and fitness for these common species were 2.46%, 0.79%, -1.67% and 0.46, respectively. The increase of species number and decrease of total tree individuals of community caused a direct impact on the increase of Margalef Richness Index. The decrease of common species and the increase of rare species indicated that the general disturbance would have a greater impact on the population of common species. The lack of constructive species or dominant species and the close dominance of many species may lead to high mortality rate and low recruitment rate of tree species in the same canopy layer for some resources such as light. The difficulty of population regeneration of sun plants such as Alniphyllum fortune, Schima superba may mean that the community has changed in favor of medium and shade plants. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Challenges Encountered by Mathematics Teachers in ICTs Implementation

Information and communication technologies (ICT) have a great deal with teaching and learning processes to conceptualize abstract concepts in mathematics. The objective of this study investigated the challenges encountered by secondary-level mathematics teachers while implementing ICT-based training in a classroom in teaching. We used interpretive inquiry as an approach to research. As the study tools, we used in-depth interviews, observations, and generated textual data. We analyzed the data by adopting the data's sequential coding, categorizing, and thematizing. We used constructivism as a theoretical lens to understand and explore the use of ICTs. We envisaged and generated the themes on challenges that are inadequate ICT-based professional development training and tools; lack of competency in technological/ pedagogical content knowledge; disempowering school actors; enduring 'one size fits for all'; structured curriculum; lack of infrastructure and ICT tools and hegemony of traditional classroom practices. The significance of the use of ICTs has been recognized in public schools in Nepal. There was also evidence that the current practice of ICT-based teacher education and development was not excess in developing skills and knowledge to use ICT in their classroom.

Pitfalls of Scientific Forestry Practices in the Community Forestry of Nepal

The government of Nepal abolished scientific forest management in 2021, however, the underlying reason remained unexplored. Hence, this study explores reasons that pushed on abolishment of this practice in the community forestry. The study followed the qualitative methods and reviewed the policy documents, published and unpublished literature followed by semi-structured interviews with forest officials and community forestry leaders. Though scientific forest management was promoted to maximize timber production and employment generation, stakeholders often raised concern over the exploitation of forests, including the appropriateness of the proposed silviculture system along with the governance issues related to it. On the contrary, forest bureaucracy promoted this as an “one size fit approach” irrespective of management objectives while poorly integrating locality factors, and research-generated knowledge. Apparently, scientific forest management is highly contested on technical and managerial grounds, while it is utterly uneconomical to forest user groups. Diverse views, interests and disbelief of the stakeholders, along with inadequate scientific evidence is primary reasons for a failure. Hence, the study argues for promoting “research in use approach” in strengthening forest management practices with the wider engagement of the stakeholders from knowledge generation, use, and dissemination in the community forestry.

Has the time come to stop routine N-acetylcysteine treatment in young children in Denmark? A review of 300 suspected paracetamol overdoses in children aged 0-6 years.

To evaluate the prevalence of potentially hepatoxic paracetamol ingestion and associated N-acetylcysteine treatment in young children suspected of paracetamol poisoning. A retrospective cohort study of children aged 0-6years suspected of paracetamol poisoning with a related plasma-paracetamol measurement in the Capital Region of Denmark in the period 2010-2017. Data from the clinical laboratory system were linked to data from electronic patient records via the unique identification number given to all Danish residents. Of 297 children included, suspected single paracetamol overdoses were present in 281 (95%). Sixty-nine per cent were treated with N-acetylcysteine, and the mean treatment period was 20.3h (SD 20.8). A maximum of 6 (2%) of the children suspected of single overdose had plasma-paracetamol concentrations that exceeded the recommended treatment thresholds. No cases of severe hepatotoxicity were registered. Adverse events to N-acetylcysteine-treatment were registered in 3 (2%) children including one anaphylactoid reaction (0.5%). This study shows that initiating N-acetylcysteine as a 'one size fit all' treatment regimen in all children aged 0-6years with a suspected single paracetamol overdose leads to substantial overtreatment. The data support that it is feasible to initiate N-acetylcysteine within 10h based on an early plasma-paracetamol test.

Strengthening Anti-Racist Gerontology Research: Does One Size Fit All?

This paper is based on a scoping review and conceptual analysis of research literature about incorporating anti-racism into social science research practices. In his examination of how anti-racist research can effectively borrow key concepts such as “validation and “reliability” from traditional social science research, Dei concludes that these concepts must be reconsidered to addresses the main issues of anti-racism. (2005). A further critique of these concepts is that they do not account for differences among racism as it is applied to different minoritized groups. Public Health Nurses and other practitioners have long recognized the importance of understanding and taking these differences into account in their “culturally competent” practice. (Lipscomb, Culture Care) Although there is some literature about de-centering whiteness in research (e.g., https://libguides.umn.edu/antiracismlens ), little is available to guide research that acknowledges and addresses overlapping yet differing contours of racism as experienced by different “races”, e.g., Black-Americans, Native American Indians”.

Does one size fit all? A configurational approach to board effectiveness in limiting the excess cash

PurposeThe study, by focusing on a context dominated by firms with a concentrated ownership, in which type-II agency problems (principal-principal conflicts) may occur, aims to depict which board configurations may be effective in protecting minority shareholders by mitigating the risk of controlling shareholders' expropriation via cash holdings.Design/methodology/approachThe research adopts a configurational approach and empirically conducts a fuzzy set/qualitative comparative analysis on a sample of 268 Italian listed companies.FindingsThe analysis depicts three combinations of board configurations and ownership structures that can be considered effective, namely Active Independent Control, Female Active Control and Double Internal Control.Originality/valueThe study revisits the topic of the risk of expropriation via cash holdings in a type-II agency problem framework and delineates the meaning of board effectiveness in a mature context ruled by family firms, like Italy. Furthermore, by drawing on a configurational approach, it overcomes the causality relationship between each board characteristic and cash holdings policies and reasons from a “bundle” perspective.

원피스 원형 브래지어컵 사이즈를 반영한 원피스 원형 개발

The purpose of this study is to develop a one-piece dress prototype which has a less impact on breast size. First, I implemented a 3D model with the average of women data done by the 6th Size Korea (2010), and produces avatar A, C, and E with different brassiere cup sizes (A, C, and E). Second, I drafted four types of one-piece dress prototype by measurement avatar A, C, and E. Then I simulated those types of one-piece dress with the application of the 3D Virtual Garment System known as Opti-tex. As a result of virtual garments, all four types of one-piece dress prototype were appropriate on avatar A, but as the breast size increased avatar E, all four types of one-piece dress prototype were inappropriate. Making real garments for three subjects based on one-piece dress prototype I, prototype III and another new prototype and making those subjects wear them, I measured the appearance sensuality evaluation on Likert 5-point scale. The new prototype scored better than the other two protypes I and III. The result does not only increases a sense of satisfaction for women fit for C cup or bigger, but is also available for women fit for A cup or B cup. In addition, it is useful in selecting the brassiere size fit for daily wear.

Regulation and supervision of the European banking industry. Does one size fit all?

Post-global financial crisis (GFC) regulatory overhauls – where uniform solutions were adopted for various types of banks – have significantly changed the environment in which banks operate. This is especially visible in the European banking industry, whose profitability has not recovered to pre-GFC levels. Therefore, our goal is to investigate whether the determinants of bank profitability fit these uniform solutions. Accordingly, we explore the profitability of European banks in various settings from 2012 to 2016, which is the period marked by tough reforms. Since a decrease in profit may be treated as a sign of financial difficulties, we model static (i.e., loss) and dynamized (i.e., loss, moderate and severe decreases in profits) indicators of bank situations based on a sample of approximately 6700 bank-year observations. Different patterns of the determinants of profit decreases are found among different types and sizes of banks. Moreover, the determinants of loss events apparently differ from those accounting for profit decreases. These findings underline that a “one-size-fits-all” approach to regulation and supervision is not adequate for market realities.

Abstract 12929: Heterogeneity in Primary and Secondary Prevention Studies of Statins and PCSK9 Inhibitors: Does One Size Fit All?

Background: We aim to assess the heterogeneity of demographics, gender variability and outcomes reporting for subjects enrolled in RCTs studying the role of statins and PCSK9 inhibitors in primary and secondary prevention of CAD. Methods: RCTs and metanalyses were searched for the use of statins and PCSK9 inhibitors published in journals with impact factor &gt; 4 between 1995 and 2020. RCT data was analyzed for gender, race and geographic location. Metanalyses were searched for the outcomes-level heterogeneity. Results: A total 31 statin-based RCTs for primary and secondary prevention of CAD were found, of which 29 were included with a total 172,871 patients (71.4% males vs. 28.6% females). In WOSCOPS trial, all 6595 subjects were males. Though most of these trials included global patient populations, 10% of the trials included exclusively North Americans. Fifteen of the RCTs (52%) did not have race data. Of the 14 RCTs which reported race: 67% White, 4% Black. The mean number of White and non-White patients were 3950 and 1768 respectively. For PCSK9 inhibitors with a total of 13 RCTs included in our study there were cumulative 85,806 patients with globally enrolled patient population and predominantly male 71% vs 29% females. Ten RCTs (77%) reported race: 82% White, 0.3% Black. The mean number of White and non-White patients were 4671 and 1058 respectively. The eleven statin metanalyses included 823,936 patients. Ten of the eleven metanalyses reported statistical heterogeneity via I 2 % (mean 53%) for different outcomes. Five of the eleven metanalyses included primary outcomes of all-cause mortality, and the rest included onset/progression of different types of cardiovascular disease. The seven PCSK9 inhibitor metanalyses pooled 376,885 patients. All 7 metanalyses reported heterogeneity via I 2 % (mean 48%) for different outcomes, of which 2 included primary outcomes of all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Significant gender and racial disparities exist in RCTs for primary and secondary prevention lipid lowering therapies. Enrollment in PCSK9 inhibitor trials was global and significant treatment effect heterogeneity existed in metanalyses. Inequalities in female and non-White participation may hamper generalizability of these crucial medications.

The effects of temephos, permethrin and malathion selection on the fitness and fecundity of Aedes aegypti

The recent scale-up of insecticide use has led to the rapid spread of insecticide resistance (IR) in mosquito populations across the world. Previous work has suggested that IR mechanisms could influence mosquito life-history traits, leading to alterations in fitness and key physiological functions. This study investigates to what extent mosquito fitness may be affected in a colony of Aedes aegypti after selection with temephos, permethrin or malathion insecticides. We measured immature development, sex ratio, adult longevity, energetic reserves under different rearing conditions and time points, ingested bloodmeal volume, mosquito size, male and female reproductive fitness and flight capability in the unexposed offspring of the three selected strains and unselected strain. We found that insecticide selection does have an impact on mosquito fitness traits in both male and female mosquitoes, with our temephos-exposed strain showing the highest immature development rates, improved adult survival, larger females under crowded rearing and increased sperm number in males. In contrast, this strain showed the poorest reproductive success, demonstrating that insecticide selection leads to trade-offs in life-history traits, which have the potential to either enhance or limit disease transmission potential.

Editorial: One Size Fits All

Steven E. Eckert, DDS, MS: “One size fits all”: Does this description really appear to be appropriate? It just seems so hard to imagine. Let’s say that we are talking about clothing. Well, to me, “one size fits all” means that many people would be comfortable with some of the “one size” clothing, but across a population, it would be hard to imagine one size fitting everyone. It may be possible to design oversized outfits that sort of fit primarily because the outfits are grossly oversized, but one wonders if this would truly be described as fitting. There may, however, be other options. Perhaps the clothing that is describd as “one size fits all” is something that comes in fewer optional sizes. Maybe fewer sizes would work with more rigidity that would maintain the form. I think I saw a singer on TV with a poofy dress that might fit on many people. I’m not sure if this qualifies. This doesn’t have to be a conversation about fashion, however. Maybe it’s a topic that would lend itself to implant dentistry. How many different sizes of dental implants are needed? Is the patient better served by having multiple designs in multiple lengths with multiple diameters? To some extent, maybe it’s like viewing through a looking glass to complete the portfolio of implants offered to the clinician. When implants first came to the market, there were not so many designs. Neither were there many different configurations of implants, or maybe there were numerous implants, but most of the very short and very long implants were not used as often in those days. It’s interesting because if we think about where the implant industry has taken us, we realize that there are probably more options than there need to be. We know that there are literally thousands of implants available throughout the world. Has this made the implant dentistry more predictable? By having more options, has dentistry been able to improve the quality of care by providing more treatment options to the patient? It’s been an interesting road that implant dentistry has followed. I remember those days when the number of patients who had grafts performed to improve their implant restorations was small. Today it’s just the opposite, is it not? Today we seem to have grafts performed as a routine. I guess part of my job is to predict what will happen, and the one thing I can guarantee is that changes will occur. We are unlikely to see a one-size-fits-all dental implant. But this doesn’t mean that we can’t add a little bit more complexity in different ways because we know that complexity will certainly make things better, unless it makes things worse. Steven E. Eckert, DDS, MS Editor-in-Chief

The Relevance of Customized Agricultural Extension Services for Social Inclusion and Food Security: A Showcase from Ethiopia

For the last six decades, Ethiopia has been implementing different agricultural extension approaches. These approaches range from area focused comprehensive package programme which selectively targeted high potential areas to modified Training and Visit extension and the recent nationwide participatory extension System. One thing in common in all these approaches is standardized advisory system characterised by ‘one size fits for all’ approaches which pushes selected package of technologies and extension messages to all classes of smallholder farmers. The study followed a comparative analysis of baseline and post interventions assessment using ‘one-timad extension package’ customised advisory service. One -timad extension package is exclusively designed for land constrained poor farmers on a quarter of a hectare land size with farmers preferred crop varieties, recommended fertilizer rate, practical training and Integrated Pest management. The pilots were implemented in four regional states of Ethiopia to get an insight for further engagement. The finding shows the need for advisory service to be inclusive; technology supply and services tailored to the multiple capacities and demands of different classes of small farmers. Hence, further piloting to new clients and areas is recommended for institutionalization of the approach.