Sixth Book Research Articles

The Sixth Book of the Aeneid with Introduction and Notes. By H. E. Butler, Professor of Latin in London University. Oxford : Basil Blackwell. 1920.

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Virgil, Statius and Dante

When Virgil died at Brundisium nineteen years before the birth of Christ, the Aeneid was unpublished and lacked the poet's final revision. But it was not unknown. His occupation with it had excited wide interest and great expectation. He had read parts of it to friends. Three books of it, ii, iv, and vi, he had read to Augustus, whose sister Octavia also was present at the reading of the sixth book and fainted when the poet read the passage at the end which is a tribute to her son Marcellus. Marcellus died in 23 B.C. Six years before that, in 29, the year of Octavian's triple triumph, Virgil had read to him at Atella the four books of the Georgics. And much earlier still, in 40 B.C. he had foretold in an eclogue the coming of a golden age. So later ages thought of Virgil as the court poet of Augustus, though the historian may be inclined to deny that the word ‘court’ can be justly applied to Augustus' household. Certainly for these later ages he was the poet of the empire rather than of the republic. The hope and expectation of his contemporaries was that he would be the poet of Rome and Italy.

The Yamaka, being the sixth book of the Abhidhammapiṭaka. Edited by Caroline Rhys Davids, M.A.; assisted by Mary C. Foley, B.Sc., Mabel Hunt, Cecilia Dibben, and May Smith. Pali Text Society. Vol. I, 1911; Vol. II, 1913. Oxford University Press.

The Yamaka, being the sixth book of the Abhidhammapiṭaka. Edited by Caroline Rhys Davids, M.A.; assisted by Mary C. Foley, B.Sc., Mabel Hunt, Cecilia Dibben, and May Smith. Pali Text Society. Vol. I, 1911; Vol. II, 1913. Oxford University Press.

Presidential Address on the Theory of Proportion

In the second edition of my Contents of the Fifth and Sixth Books of Euclid I have taken the ideas stated in the preceding article as my starting point, and built up the conditions involved in the 5th and 7th definitions in the following way: 1.The ratio of a magnitude A to another magnitude B of the same kind is a real number, rational or irrational, determined in the manner explained in what follows. It is denoted by the symbol A : B.2.If the magnitudes A and B have a common measure G, so that A = aG, B = bG, where a, b are positive whole numbers, then A : B is defined to be the rational number .

The Divided Line of Plato Rep. VI.

At the end of the Sixth Book of the Republic Plato explains the Idea of Good by means of the Figure of the Sun. As the sun is the cause both of the becoming of that which is subject to becoming and of our apprehension of it and of its changes through the eye, so the idea of good is the cause of the being of that which is and also of our knowledge of it. As the sun is beyond γ⋯νεσις, so the Idea of Good is beyond Being. Glaucon says he does not understand. The simile is further elucidated by means of a line, divided into two parts, of which one stands for the νιητ⋯ν γ⋯νος τε κα⋯ τ⋯πος, where the Idea of Good bears rule, the other for the ⋯ρατ⋯ν γ⋯νος τε κα⋯ τ⋯πος, over which the sun is lord. The line is to be divided unequally (the inequality representing the unequal clearness of the objects each division stands for), and subdivided in the same proportions. Thus we get a line consisting of four parts in the ratio (say) 4 : 6 : : 6 : 9. Let us call the four parts A B C D respectively, A being the smallest, D the greatest, B and C necessarily equal. A (as Plato explains) stands for εἱκ⋯νες, shadows, images in water and on polished surfaces, and the like: B stands for animals, plants, and the creations of human industry: C for the objects of that enquiry in which the objects denoted by B are treated as images, i.e. mathematical enquiries: D for the objects apprehended by dialectic, the Ideas themselves. The first equation asserted (510a 8) is—The objects of opinion : objects of knowledge : : representation : original (AB : CD : : A : B). There follows an explanation of the inferiority of mathematical to philosophical reasoning, and an explanation of the statement that the objects denoted by B are used as images or symbols by the enquiry concerned with C; as a result of which Glaucon perceives that the general distinction between C and D is that between the τ⋯χναι (as they were called), i.e. those sciences in which the Guardians (as explained in the following book) were to be educated, and Philosophy or Dialectic. Finally a special π⋯θημα or affection of the soul is allotted to each of the four divisions of the line, to A εἱκασ⋯α, to B π⋯στις, to C δι⋯νοια, to D ν⋯ησις, each π⋯θημα being clear in the same degree in which the objects it is concerned with are true.

The Contents of the Fifth and Sixth Books of Euclid

The Contents of the Fifth and Sixth Books of Euclid

Vondel's Value as a Tragic Poet

Joost van den Vondel is one of the few Dutch poets who have attained to anything approaching international fame. To him is attributed a rather noteworthy influence on Milton. As long ago as 1854 A. Fischel demonstrated in his Life and writings of Joost van den Vondel that Milton knew and made use of Vondel's works. Gosse, in his Studies in the Literatures of Northern Europe, pointed out that this influence came only from Vondel's Lucifer and was restricted to the sixth book of Paradise Lost. Edmunson, however, in his Milton and Vondel: A Curiosity of Literature (London, 1885), showed that not only in Books 1, 2, 4, and 9 of Paradise Lost, but also in Paradise Regained and in Samson Agonistes fragments are imitated from Joannes den Boetgezant (John the Messenger of Repentance), Adam in Ballingschap (Adam in Exile), Samson of the Heilige Wraak (Samson or the Sacred Vengeance), and from Bespiegelingen van God en Godsdienst (Reflections about God and Religion). Among the other discussions the most important are that of Masson in his Life of Milton, that of Professor Moltzer in Noord en Zuid (vol. 9), and that of Van Noppen in the introduction to his translation of Vondel's Lucifer.

The Sixth Book of the Select Letters of Severus, Patriarch of Antioch, in the Syriac Version of Athanasius of Nisibis. Edited and translated by E. W. Brooks M.A., Vol. I (Text), Part 1.

The Sixth Book of the Select Letters of Severus, Patriarch of Antioch, in the Syriac Version of Athanasius of Nisibis. Edited and translated by E. W. Brooks M.A., Vol. I (Text), Part 1. - Volume 35 Issue 1

ORIENTALIA

Journal Article ORIENTALIA Get access The Ethical Treaties of Berachya Ed. by H. GOLLANCZLondon, Nutt, 1902. Midrash Hag-gadol Ed. by S. SCHECHTER (genesis). (Cambridge, 1902.) Place of the Peshitto Version in the Apparatus Criticus of the Greek New Testament (Studia Biblica et Ecclesiastica, vol. pt. iii), by G. H. GWILLIAM (Oxford, 1903.) Apocrypha Syiaca…, ed. and trans. by A. S. LEWIS (Studia sinaitica, xi). (Cambridge, 1902.) The sixth book of the Select Letters of Severus, … ed. and trans. by E. W. BROOKS Vol. i (Syriac text), pt. i( 1902), vol. ii (translation), pt. i. ( WIlliams & Norgate, 1903.) A. E. COWLEY A. E. COWLEY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume os-IV, Issue 16, July 1903, Pages 624–627, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/os-IV.16.624 Published: 01 July 1903

The Fifth and Sixth Books of Euclid, arranged and explained by Professor M. J. M. Hill, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S. (Cambridge: University Press; pp. xx., 143.)

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Macan's Herodotus - Herodotus, the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Books. With Introduction, Notes, Appendices, Indices, Maps, by R. W. Macan. Vol. I. Introduction, Text with Notes, pp. i—cxx, 1—396; Vol. II. Appendices, Indices, Maps, pp. 1—341. Macmillan and Co., London and New York. 1895. 32s.

Macan's Herodotus - Herodotus, the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Books. With Introduction, Notes, Appendices, Indices, Maps, by R. W. Macan. Vol. I. Introduction, Text with Notes, pp. i—cxx, 1—396; Vol. II. Appendices, Indices, Maps, pp. 1—341. Macmillan and Co., London and New York. 1895. 32s. - Volume 10 Issue 8

Stephenson's Sixth Book of Livy - Livy, Book VI. with Introduction and Notes, by H. M. Stephenson, M.A. Pitt Press Series. 2s. Gd.

Stephenson's Sixth Book of Livy - Livy, Book VI. with Introduction and Notes, by H. M. Stephenson, M.A. Pitt Press Series. 2<i>s</i>. G<i>d</i>.

Greek Geometry

IN the notice of the last part of “Greek Geometry from Thales to Euclid” (NATURE, vol. xxxiv. p. 548) I was uncertain whether Dr. Allman intended it to be Part vii. or not; I observe from the extract before me (Hermathena, No. xiii., 1887, vol. vi. pp. 269–78) that the present part is so entitled. The author's plan led him to the temporary omission of Theætetus of Athens, a pupil of Theodorus of Cyrene, and also a disciple of Socrates, who greatly advanced the science of geometry. How his gifts and genius impressed both Socrates and Plato is well known from the dialogue which bears his name. From an analysis which our author makes of part of this dialogue it appears that Theætetus, in addition to Eudoxus and the Pythagoreans, was one of the original thinkers to whom Euclid was most indebted in the composition of the “Elements.” Dr. Allman thus recapitulates:—” In the former parts of this paper we have seen that we owe to the Pythagoreans the substance of the first, second, and fourth books, also the doctrine of proportion and of the similarity of figures, together with the discoveries respecting the application, excess, and defect of areas, the subject-matter of the sixth book. The theorems arrived at, however, were proved for commensurable magnitudes only, and assumed to hold good for all. We have seen, further, that the doctrine of proportion, treated in a general manner, so as to include incommensurables (Book v.), and consequently the recasting of Book vi. and also the method of exhaustions (Book xii.) were the work of Eudoxus. If we are asked now: In what portion of the Elements does the work of Theætetus survive? we answer: Since Books vii., viii., and ix. treat of numbers, and our question concerns geometry; and since the substance of Book xi., containing, as it does, the basis of the geometry of volumes, is probably of ancient date, we are led to seek for the work of Theætetus in Books x. and xii.; and it is precisely with the subjects of these books that the extracts (d), (e), and (f) are concerned.”

Book Reviews

THE excellence of these reading books and their adaptation to the broader culture of the present day demand from us some notice. The editor of the series, who has done his work with unusual ability, tells us in the preface that his aim has been to cultivate the love of reading. So far as we are able to judge, this aim he has successfully carried out by presenting interesting subjects in an attractive way. Opening any one of these Readers, we are struck with the air of freshness and interest it possesses. An intelligent child, instead of closing the book with relief, is far more likely to leave it with regret. And added to the happy way in which the lessons have been prepared, the pages abound with capital woodcuts, some of which are of real beauty. There are none of the stereotyped cuts of stale children in old-fashioned dresses and hair in pig-tails, primly grouped at play, and supposed to illustrate the story of the goody-goody girl, or the naughty-naughty boy. Our children are mercifully spared from these haunting ghosts of our childhood and have their Royal Readers instead. But these books have a wider scope than mere reading lessons. In the fifth and sixth books we find a large amount of sound scientific knowledge conveyed in a course of lessons carefully prepared by the editor. Then there are articles on physical geography, the bed of the sea, the various ocean routes, and lessons on useful inventions, besides some other novel features which we have not room to detail. The employment of these reading books will certainly tend to create a love for healthy reading, and at the same time they seem likely to be of the highest service in training and furnishing the minds of children.

The First, Second and Sixth Books of Euclid's Elements Demonstrated in General Terms, with Notes and Observations for the Use of Younger Students

The First, Second and Sixth Books of Euclid's Elements Demonstrated in General Terms, with Notes and Observations for the Use of Younger Students

II. Remarks on some Passages of the sixth Book of the Eneid

The poetical beauties of Virgil's sixth book are great and many; and a most agreeable task it would be to point them out: but that is not my present purpose. Nor do I intend to draw a comparison of the sentiments of our poet with those of Homer, concerning a future state. From Homer, no doubt, Virgil received the first hint of this episode ; but the evocation of the ghosts, in the eleventh book of the Odyssey, is not in any degree so striking, or so poetical, as Eneas's descent into the world of spirits. Nor does the former exhibit any distinct idea of retribution. In it all is dark and uncomfortable. “I would rather, says the ghost of “Achilles, be the slave of a poor peasant among the living, “than reign sole monarch of the dead:” a passage blamed, not without reason, by Plato, as unfriendly to virtue, and tending to debase the soul by an unmanly fear of death.

II. An account of Mr Sam. Brown his sixth book of East India Plants, with their names, vertues, description, &amp;c

The following Plants being less known, and more enquired for by Curious Persons , I took them out of several Books at different Seasons , and placed them here together.