Six-factor Solution Research Articles

Investigating the relationship between perception of an organisation’s ethical culture and worker motivation

PurposeThis study aims to examine whether an individual’s perception of the ethical culture of their organisation could be used to predict their work motivation.Design/methodology/approachUsing the corporate ethical virtues model as a foundation, the role of distributive justice was explored through the development of a composite measure for assessing ethical organisational culture. The resulting six-factor solution was then used. Australian employees (N = 330; Mage = 38.40) completed an online survey examining perceptions of ethical culture, distributive justice and work motivation.FindingsResults indicated that higher work motivation was associated with a higher perception of an organisation’s ethical culture. Additionally, the six dimensions of ethical culture accounted for significant variance in worker motivation, with factors relating to congruency of peers, clarity and feasibility being the best predictors.Originality/valueThis study provides useful cues for future research and interventions enabling organisations to take a more targeted approach to influence their ethical culture and, consequently, an individual’s motivation to work.

Subclinical Sadism and the Dark Triad

Abstract. The Dark Triad is a constellation of three antisocial personality traits: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Recently, researchers have introduced a “Dark Tetrad” that includes subclinical sadism, although others suggest considerable overlap between psychopathy and sadism. To clarify the position of sadism within the Dark Triad, an online study was conducted with 615 university students. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that a six-factor solution fit the data best, representing Machiavellianism, psychopathy, physical sadism, verbal sadism, narcissism, and vicarious sadism. Furthermore, convergent validity was supported through sadism’s correlations with the HEXACO personality traits. The results support sadism’s inclusion within the Dark Tetrad as a unique construct but with some conceptual overlap with psychopathy.

Multigroup invariance of the DAS across a random and an internet-sourced sample

It is well established that angry and, subsequently, aggressive drivers pose a problem for road safety. Over recent years, there has been an increase in the number of published studies examining driver anger, particularly using the Driving Anger Scale (DAS). The DAS measures six broad types of situations likely to provoke anger while driving (i.e., police presence, illegal driving, discourtesy, traffic obstructions, slower drivers, and hostile gestures). The majority of the recent studies have moved away from traditional paper-and-pencil methodologies, using the internet to collect data, for reasons of convenience. However, it is not yet completely clear whether data obtained from this methodology differs from more traditional methods. While research outside of the driving arena has not found substantial differences, it is important to establish whether this also applies to driving-related research and measures, such as the DAS. The present study used Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA) to investigate the invariance of the DAS across a random sample from the electoral roll (n = 1,081: males = 45%) and an internet sourced sample (n = 627; males = 55%). The MGCFA showed the same six-factor solution was supported in both datasets. The relationships between the DAS factors and age, sex, trait anger, and annual mileage were broadly similar, although more significant differences were identified in the internet sample. This research demonstrates that driving measures administered over the internet produce similar results to those obtained using more traditional methods.

The Portuguese 35-item Survey of Pain Attitudes applied to Portuguese women with Endometriosis.

Background and aims Endometriosis is a gynecologic recurring persistent condition affecting from 8% to 15% of premenopausal women worldwide. About 80% of women with endometriosis have at least one form of chronic pain - a multidimensional experience influenced by a number of psychosocial factors, including pain-related beliefs. The Survey of Pain Attitudes is the most commonly used measure of pain-related beliefs. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Portuguese version of a brief version of the SOPA (the SOPA-35) in a sample of Portuguese women with Endometriosis. Methods A sample of 199 Portuguese women with Endometriosis provided demographic and pain history information, and completed a Portuguese version of the SOPA-35 and measures of pain intensity, disability, and psychological function. Analyses were performed to evaluate the factor structure of the Portuguese SOPA-35 items as well as the internal consistency, composite reliability, convergent validity, and concurrent validity of the scale scores. Results Confirmatory factor analysis supported a six-factor solution for a 19-item version of the Portuguese version of the Survey of Pain Attitudes (SOPA-19-P). The six scales evidenced marginal to good reliability (Cronbach's alphas: between 0.60 and 0.84; composite reliability: between 0.61 and 0.84). Four scales evidenced acceptable to good convergent validity (AVE: between 0.51 and 0.63). The findings also supported the concurrent validity of the SOPA-19-P. Conclusions The results support the use of the Portuguese SOPA-19-P for research and clinical purposes with Portuguese women in chronic pain due to endometriosis. Future research is warranted to further develop a European Portuguese version of SOPA. Implications The findings provide psychometric information about the SOPA-19-P. The results are helpful to researchers wishing to study the role of pain-related beliefs and their association with adjustment and treatment outcomes in women with chronic pain due to endometriosis.

Enriching the Construct Structure of L2 Reading Motivation: Learners’ Attitudes in Focus

The systematic study of second language (L2) reading motivation has been a more recent topic in L2 motivation literature. The purpose of the current study was to highlight the role of L2 reading attitudes in developing the construct of L2 reading motivation. Participants of the study included 192 Iranian EFL learners at B1 level of language proficiency corresponding to the intermediate level. The data related to L2 reading attitudes and L2 reading motivation of the participants were collected through administering the L2 reading attitude and L2 reading motivation questionnaires, respectively. The items from the two measures were mixed and then factor analyzed. The results of statistical analyses revealed that a six-factor solution was the best way to conceptualize the L2 reading motivation construct among the Iranian EFL learners. The factors included both L2 motivational (reading interest) and L2 attitudinal items. This construct of L2 reading motivation was found more effective in predicting the reading achievement of the learners when compared with the reading motivation construct lacking the L2 reading attitude items.

The development and psychometric validation of a Chinese empathy motivation scale.

To develop and validate an instrument to measure nurses' empathy motivation in China (See Supporting Information Appendix S1). Nurses are increasingly expected to empathise with patients in clinical settings. However, research investigating nurses' empathy motivation in China is lacking, and no specific instrument exists worldwide. Two-stage cross-sectional study, which follows the STROBE guidelines. Instrument development and psychometric evaluation were used (See Supporting Information Appendix S1). A literature review and qualitative interviews with nurses were conducted to generate the initial items. Convenience samples of 340 (for item analysis) and 640 (for psychometric evaluation) clinical nurses working at four tertiary hospitals in Anhui Province were recruited. The scale was validated by content validity, surface validity and item analysis. A total of 640 participants were randomly divided into two equal groups. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used with varimax rotation, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and internal consistency reliability to analyse the psychometric properties of the scale (See Supporting Information Appendix S1). From the initial 90-item pool, 27 items were retained by the item analysis. The EFA (N=290) showed the following six factors on the scale explained 71.266% of the overall variance: amotivation, external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, integrative regulation and intrinsic motivation. Furthermore, when limited to three factors, that is autonomy motivation, controlled motivation and amotivation, 56.578% of the variance was explained. The findings showed high internal consistency. The six-factor solution and three-factor solution of the scale, including 27 items, were both confirmed by the CFA, for example χ2 /df=1.744, 2.261; RMSEA=0.051, 0.066; GFI=0.882, 0.847; TLI=0.942, 0.902; and RMR=0.039, 0.049, respectively. The nurses' empathy motivation scale presents good psychometric properties and can be used to explore nurses' empathy motivation in China (See Supporting Information Appendix S1). This study offers insight into nurses' complicated reasons for exhibiting empathy.

Investigating the Spectra constellations of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model for personality disorders based on empirical data from a community sample

Objective:The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) posits that psychopathology is hierarchically structured. For personality disorder (PD) traits, there are five spectra: internalizing, thought disorder, disinhibited externalizing, antagonistic externalizing, and detachment. Empirical findings suggest a sixth group, compulsivity. In this research, we tried to recover the five HiTOP spectra, plus compulsivity, specifically for PD traits.Methods:The sample was composed of 4,868 Brazilians (54.9% women, age ranging from 18 to 70; mean = 25.7; SD = 9.64). All participants answered the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2), a self-report inventory for adults, developed in Brazil, for assessment of pathological personality traits.Results:Parallel analysis yielded up to nine factors. On exploratory structural equation modeling (E-SEM), the balance between interpretability and fit index suggested the six-factor solution as the best solution. The fit indexes for the confirmatory factor analysis were slightly less adjusted in comparison to the empirical model.Conclusion:The hypothesis was confirmed, as we did find the groups proposed at the spectrum level of the HiTOP. We also found a compulsivity factor, encompassing the main traits from the conscientiousness dimension of IDCP-2, which is related to obsessive-compulsive PD. Finding the six groupings of traits in the HiTOP model contributes to the validity of this model, and confirms the existence of proposed spectra.

Conceptualisation and development of the physics related personal epistemology questionnaire (PPEQ)

ABSTRACTThis study was designed to develop an assessment tool to measure high school students’ personal epistemology (PE) in the physics domain by using validation processes. Based on theoretical foundations of PE, the PPEQ was conceptualised on six hypothetical dimensions: structure of knowledge [SK], justification of knowledge and knowing [JK], changeability of knowledge [CK], equations in physics [EQ], quick learning [QL], and source of knowledge [source]. In total, 42-items were developed deductively for these dimensions, and a panel of experts assessed the content validity of the instrument. Subsequently, factor analyses were performed to obtain construct-related evidence. First, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the data collected from 362 ninth graders. EFA yielded a six-factor solution which excluded the EQ and divided SK into two dimensions: coherent SK and hierarchical SK. Second, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with the remaining 27-items on data collected from a new sample of 350 ninth graders. The CFA results confirmed that the PPEQ assesses six factors emerged from EFA. Internal consistency of the PPEQ was also found to be very high with Cronbach’s α reliability coefficient of .92, and the coefficients of dimensions ranged from .71 to .83.

Preliminary design and validation of the "6-K-scale" for bulbar symptoms evaluation in SBMA.

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a late onset, X-linked neuromuscular disease. Bulbar symptoms are a main characteristic of the disease but a tool for their clinical evaluation still does not exist. The aim of this study was to design and test a new scale (6-K-scale) for evaluation of bulbar function in SBMA. We considered 60 genetically confirmed SBMA patients and built a scale to evaluate the V, VII, IX, X, and XII cranial nerves (CN) and the ansa cervicalis. Functional status was evaluated through the Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy Functional Rating Scale (SBMAFRS), 6-min-walk-test (6MWT), Adult Myopathy Assessment Tool (AMAT) scale, and FVC%. Twenty patients underwent a re-test after 3weeks, while 31 were tested longitudinally after 6months. Validation of the scale included reliability assessment and factorial analysis. To evaluate convergent validity, correlations between the 6-K-scale and functional parameters were performed. Internal consistency as measured by Cronbach's alpha was high (0.85) as was test-retest reliability. Principal component analysis yielded a six-factor solution accounting for 71.7% of the variance. The scale score was strongly correlated with the functional parameters. In conclusion, we designed and validated a new scale for bulbar evaluation in SBMA patients. This scale will be a useful tool in the clinical practice as well as a possible outcome measure in clinical trials.

Correction: Translation, Cross-cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Korean-Language Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (CRBS-K).

Objective To perform a translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (CRBS) for use in Korea, followed by psychometric validation. The CRBS was developed to assess patients' perception of the degree to which patient, provider and health system-level barriers affect their cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participation. Methods The CRBS consists of 21 items (barriers to adherence) rated on a 5-point Likert scale. The first phase was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the CRBS to the Korean language. After back-translation, both versions were reviewed by a committee. The face validity was assessed in a sample of Korean patients (n=53) with history of acute myocardial infarction that did not participate in CR through semi-structured interviews. The second phase was to assess the construct and criterion validity of the Korean translation as well as internal reliability, through administration of the translated version in 104 patients, principle component analysis with varimax rotation and cross-referencing against CR use, respectively. Results The length, readability, and clarity of the questionnaire were rated well, demonstrating face validity. Analysis revealed a six-factor solution, demonstrating construct validity. Cronbach's alpha was greater than 0.65. Barriers rated highest included not knowing about CR and not being contacted by a program. The mean CRBS score was significantly higher among non-attendees (2.71±0.26) than CR attendees (2.51±0.18) (p<0.01). Conclusion The Korean version of CRBS has demonstrated face, content and criterion validity, suggesting it may be useful for assessing barriers to CR utilization in Korea.

Analysis of the Patient Preference for Engagement Tool

Aims It is crucial to assess patients’ individualized preferences for their engagement in healthcare to better inform the planning and delivery of precision healthcare. Unfortunately, engagement efforts are often not tailored to individual patient situations, leading to patient frustrations and poor patient-centered care. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the newly-constructed 27-item Patient Preference for Engagement Tool (PPET). Methods The sample consisted of 311 adult patients aged 18-101, who were hospitalized on 8 medical, surgical, and oncology units within a 516 bed academic Magnet®-designated hospital in the Midwestern United States. Psychometric validation was conducted by calculating content validity indices (CVIs), conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and calculating Cronbach's alpha reliability estimates. Results Following exploratory factor analysis, a six-factor solution was accepted and confirmed with CFA (RMSEA = 0.057, gammahat = 0.941, CFI = 0.828). Reliability of scores on the total scale and subscales were high: Cronbach's alpha ranged from .72 - .92. All items had a CVI of 0.8 or higher. Age, number of chronic illnesses, self-rated health status, and education level were not significant predictors of subscale or total scale scores, emphasizing that patient preferences for engagement should not be assumed based on personal and illness factors. Conclusions Preliminary analysis demonstrates acceptable reliability and construct validity of the PPET. Future research must be done to reduce the items on the tool to create a clinically-useful tool to precisely determine patients’ individual preferences for engagement in their healthcare, leading to more personalized strategies within precision healthcare.

Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised in a Non-Clinical Young Adult Sample

Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) is a self-report questionnaire that assesses the distress caused by a variety of OCD symptoms; OCI-R comprises of 18 items that are equally divided into six subscales: Checking, Washing, Obsessing, Neutralization, Ordering, and Hoarding. Research so far has shown that OCI-R is a psychometrically sound measure with excellent validity and reliability. It is also appropriate for clinical and non-clinical populations and has been translated into several languages and has been validated in diverse cultural contexts. The aim of the present study was to validate OCI-R in the Greek language and to examine its psychometric properties in a Greek non-clinical sample. Three hundred and seventy one university students participated in this study. Measures used were OCI-R, the Padua Inventory (PI), the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44 (OBQ-44), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Consequent analysis of collected data examined the factor structure of OCI-R and tested its convergent and divergent validity. The confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit for the model and replicated the results of other studies, meeting thus the requirements for the six-factor solution of the original scale. The Greek version of OCI-R maintained the good psychometric properties of the original English one. Internal consistency was excellent for the overall scale. Convergent and divergent validity was good and also confirmed previous similar findings.

A revalidation of the school participant empowerment scale amongst science and mathematics teachers

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to explore the validity and reliability of the School Participant Empowerment Scale amongst science and mathematics teachers. Using a sample of 257 elementary and secondary teachers, the study used exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to examine the validity of the instrument. We began by trying to confirm the hypothesised structure using confirmatory factor analysis, but were unable to do so. A subsequent exploratory factor analysis produced a structure that differed somewhat from the original structure. A six-factor solution emerged, but the items loaded differently than the original structure. We have named the emergent factors: “Self-efficacy”, “Decision-making autonomy”, “Professionalism”, “Scheduling autonomy”, “Influence” and “Authority”. The results raise questions about the scale for measuring empowerment amongst science and mathematics teachers. Future work should seek to replicate our findings with a larger sample and consider developing items relating to professional knowledge.

Dimensions of the Adult Reading History Questionnaire and their relationships with reading ability

The Adult Reading History Questionnaire (ARHQ; Lefly & Pennington, 2000) is a widely used measure of self-reported reading difficulties. We explored the factor structure underlying this questionnaire using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. A six-factor solution emerged, with childhood reading ability, current reading attitude, spelling skill, reversal, print media use, and memory factors. We created subscales reflecting these factors and explored relationships between subscale scores and different reading abilities (word reading, nonword reading, and passage comprehension). The total ARHQ score, as well as scores on the childhood reading ability, current reading attitude, and spelling skill subscales were significantly associated with word reading, nonword reading, and passage comprehension. The spelling skills subscale showed a stronger relationship with nonword reading than other reading skills, while scores on the current reading attitude subscale showed a weaker relationship between nonword Reading skill and other measures of reading. Overall, the results suggest that reading history is multidimensional and should be regarded as such in future research. Importantly, this self-report measure of lifetime reading experience was associated with adult reading skill in a population of university students showing typical variation in reading skill, with different aspects of the scale relating to different reading subskills.

Validation of the 2012 European Social Survey Measurement of Wellbeing in Seventeen European Countries

The measurement of wellbeing provides an important indicator of the welfare of nations and presents opportunities for policy making. Researchers generally share the view of wellbeing as a multidimensional concept. The 2012 European Social Survey (ESS) measurement of personal and social wellbeing, a combination of theoretical models and evidence from statistical analysis, is defined as a six-dimensional construct: evaluative wellbeing, emotional wellbeing, functioning, vitality, community wellbeing and supportive relationships. In this paper, the proposed theoretical structure is investigated and the psychometric properties of the measure are assessed for 17 European countries. This involved splitting each country’s sample randomly into halves and performing Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) on the first half-samples. EFA resulted in a four-factor solution for Germany, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland and the UK, a five-factor solution for Belgium, Finland, France, Ireland, Norway, Poland, Russian Federation and Sweden, and a six-factor solution for Denmark and Hungary. These results were supported by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) performed on the second half-samples. Subscales were constructed based on analysis of the total samples, applying a simple transformation in order to deal with the different number of response categories used for the wellbeing items. Reliabilities and internal consistencies were investigated. Although the definition of each subscale differs from the proposed structure and across countries, the analysis did produce reliable and valid summary measures (subscales) of wellbeing for informing social policy in each country.

Psychopathologic structure of bipolar disorders: exploring dimensional phenotypes, their relationships, and their associations with bipolar I and II disorders.

Given its diverse disease courses and symptom presentations, multiple phenotype dimensions with different biological underpinnings are expected with bipolar disorders (BPs). In this study, we aimed to identify lifetime BP psychopathology dimensions. We also explored the differing associations with bipolar I (BP-I) and bipolar II (BP-II) disorders. We included a total of 307 subjects with BPs in the analysis. For the factor analysis, we chose six variables related to clinical courses, 29 indicators covering lifetime symptoms of mood episodes, and 6 specific comorbid conditions. To determine the relationships among the identified phenotypic dimensions and their effects on differentiating BP subtypes, we applied structural equation modeling. We selected a six-factor solution through scree plot, Velicer's minimum average partial test, and face validity evaluations; the six factors were cyclicity, depression, atypical vegetative symptoms, elation, psychotic/irritable mania, and comorbidity. In the path analysis, five factors excluding atypical vegetative symptoms were associated with one another. Cyclicity, depression, and comorbidity had positive associations, and they correlated negatively with psychotic/irritable mania; elation showed positive correlations with cyclicity and psychotic/irritable mania. Depression, cyclicity, and comorbidity were stronger in BP-II than in BP-I, and they contributed significantly to the distinction between the two disorders. We identified six phenotype dimensions; in addition to symptom features of manic and depressive episodes, various comorbidities and high cyclicity constructed separate dimensions. Except for atypical vegetative symptoms, all factors showed a complex interdependency and played roles in discriminating BP-II from BP-I.

Validation of the Indonesian version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale for breast self-examination.

PurposeThe present study aimed to adapt and determine the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (I-CHBMS) of breast self-examination in the measurement of belief toward breast cancer screening.Subjects and methodsA convenience sample of 406 Indonesian women aged 19–60 years was recruited. This study was conducted in Surabaya from December 2016 to January 2017. The I-CHBMS applied a “forward–backward” translation procedure to translate from the English version into Indonesian. Validity of the I-CHBMS was assessed using content, face, and construct validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the construct validity. Reliability was measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.ResultsThe result of confirmatory factor analysis indicated 42 items of I-CHBMS with six-factor solution (susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action and self efficacy) were acceptable as a new instrument. Cronbach’s alpha of the subscale ranged from 0.669 to 0.866, indicating a good range of reliability.ConclusionThe finding of the study suggested that I-CHBMS of breast self-examination practice has good psychometric properties and could be an appropriate measure for health beliefs related to breast cancer screening.

The SILL revisited in light of the S2R model of language learning

ABSTRACT The Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) [Oxford, R.L. 1990. Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know. Boston: Heinle and Heinle] has been a widely used instrument for self-assessing the frequency of language learning strategy use across cultures and levels of education for some 30 years. Despite the fact that its six-factor solution has not been confirmed, it has displayed acceptable reliability across cultures and translations. In the present study, we attempt to demonstrate a new factor solution for the Greek version of the SILL which is in line with the S2R model of language learning. Our sample consisted of 1308 primary and secondary school students from public schools in the regions of Northern Greece. The SILL v7.0 was used with four additional items selected and adapted from SILL v5.0. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed six factors which explained 42.48% of the total variance and demonstrated good or adequate reliability. The first two factors indicate the metastrategies of ‘monitoring cognition for progress’ and ‘obtaining resources’. The other four factors indicated strategies of ‘deep cognitive processing’, ‘using resources’, ‘surface cognitive processing’ and ‘overcoming gaps of knowledge’. We compare our results with factor solutions of the SILL obtained in earlier studies and we discuss implications for the development of new instruments to better accommodate the S2R model of language learning.

Development and Psychometric Properties of The Delayed Childbearing Questionnaire (DCBQ-55).

The comprehensive assessment of delayed childbearing needs a valid and reliable instrument. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop an instrument to evaluate factors influencing delayed childbearing among women and to assess its psychometric properties. The current methodological study was performed in two phases of (i) qualitative instrument development, and (ii) quantitative psychometric assessment of the developed instrument. Face and content validity of the instrument was assessed by eligible women and a panel of experts. Construct validity was assessed using the exploratory factor analysis (EFA). For reliability, internal consistency reliability and intra-rater reliability analysis were used. The initial instrument developed from the qualitative phase consisted of 60 items, which were reduced to 55 items after the face and content validity processes. EFA (n = 300) using the Kaiser criteria (Eigenvalues > 1) and the scree plot led to a six-factor solution accounting for 61.24% of the observed variance. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, Spearman’s correlation, test–retest and intra-class correlation coefficients for the whole instrument were reported as 0.83, 0.86 and 0.81, respectively. The final instrument entitled the delayed childbearing questionnaire (DCBQ-55) included 50 items with six domains of ‘readiness for childbearing’, ‘stability in the partner relationship’, ‘awareness about the adverse outcomes of pregnancy in advanced maternal age’, ‘attitude toward delayed childbearing’, ‘family support’, and ‘social support’ on a five-point Likert scale. The DCBQ-55 as a simple, valid and reliable instrument can assess factors influencing delayed childbearing. It can be used by reproductive healthcare providers and policy makers to understand factors influencing delayed childbearing and devise appropriate strategies.

Strenghts of Character of Personal Growth: Structure and Relations with the Big Five in the Brazilian Context

Abstract The structure of character strengths and virtues in different cultural contexts across the globe has failed to recover the six-factor solution originally proposed by Peterson and Seligman. This study aims to assess the structure of the Character Strengths Scale, a test created to assess character strengths and virtues and the association between these strengths and personality factors in the Brazilian context. The sample was made up of 981 undergraduate students (60.5% female) aged between 17 and 26 years (M = 20.7, SD = 2.2), who responded the Character Strengths Scale and Personality Factors Battery. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the three-factor solution was the most theoretically appropriate, identifying the following factors: Intellectual Strengths, Intrapersonal Strengths and Collectivism, and Transcendence. Regression analysis showed that three personality factors (conscientiousness, extraversion and neuroticism) are relevant predictors of these strengths, explaining a considerable amount of variance. The implications of the findings are presented, suggesting that high levels of neuroticism may impair the flourishing of strengths.