Situations Of Social Change Research Articles

MAIN ACTIVITIES AND SPECIFICITY OF THE CONCERT REPERTOIRE OF MODERN RUSSIAN MILITARY BANDS

The article examines the main trends in the development of the concert repertoire of modern Russian military bands. At the beginning of the 21st century, the complexity and multidimensionality of military band art is obvious. Modern bands perform the task of providing music for military rituals, state, political, public, cultural and sports events, and take part in concerts and festivals. In this aspect, the issues of adapting music of various genres and directions for a brass band performance are of particular relevance. In the post-Soviet period, military bands retained their value guidelines. At the same time, they not only preserve traditions but also develop them in new conditions. In Russia, military bands are the most widespread musical embodiment of military culture, as well as an important element of military infrastructure which helps maintain morale. Currently, as before, they are widely used as a propaganda tool, including during public events. The article notes the variety of directions in the development of military band repertoire. In this context, it is important for the author to consider the main factors in the formation of the repertoire of the Central Military Band of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The band’s repertoire range is extremely wide — from works of Russian and foreign classics to music by contemporary composers. The recognized reference sound recording of the Russian National Anthem was made by this band. Moreover, the study of the repertoire of educational groups seems significant. The band of the Valery Khalilov Moscow Suvorov Military Music College consists of young Suvorov students; nevertheless, despite the age of the musicians, it is a highly professional group that has demonstrated its performing skills not only in Russia but throughout the world. In conclusion, the significance of directions for actualizing the creative activity of modern military bands and the importance of studying the art of arrangement, which makes it possible to create adaptive forms of presenting historical memory, are noted. The preservation of the traditions of performing academic music is a crucial role of military bands. The concert activity of modern military bands, as a tool for adapting music of various styles to traditional for military culture performance conditions, seems to be an important way of transfering musical culture values in situations of social change.

ASPECTS OF BEING A GIRL IN FRANCAVILLA MARITTIMA-<em>LAGARIA</em> (CALABRIA) IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY BC: A RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON TERRACOTTA FIGURINES AND THEIR ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS

In this article, terracotta figurines from four burials of little girls of an Italic-Chonian community at Macchiabate, together with terracotta figurines from ritual assemblages of the Athenaion at Timpone della Motta, are studied using concepts of archaeological “agency” and “personhood” theory. These approaches are different from the commonly used in Italian mortuary and sanctuary archaeology, which, by focusing on what may be called symbolic reading, regard grave- and votive-goods as attributes of the buried individuals and thus as straightforward presentations of status. The explanation current in agency and personhood theory, however, by focusing on active reading, prefers to see individuals and objects as producing social order and not merely reflecting it. Terracotta figurines, unearthed in the Macchiabate necropolis near the Calabrian village of Francavilla Marittima, and figurines excavated in the sanctuary on the Timpone della Motta near that same Francavilla Marittima, provide interesting cases of objects functioning as key actors in processes of personal and social change. The figurines from the eighth and the first quarter of the seventh centuries BC were made and used to act as intermediates between the natural and the supernatural worlds on behalf of girls and their parents in transitional situations. In the presented cases the figurines and the girls are, moreover, related to “Middle Ground” situations of social change in operation with indigenous Italic-Chonian inhabitants and new settlers from the Eastern Mediterranean (likely Euboia, Samos and the Cycladic islands) in the pre-urban coastal area of Ionian Calabria.

TEACHER AUTHORITY IN SCHOOL

The purpose of education is to initiate the young into the different ways in which, over the centuries, men have organized their experience and understanding of the world. This initiation depends upon the ability of teacher to explain and inspire, and on the willingness of the young to engage in this enterprise with a proper humility. The discussion on the role of authority in knowledge development and the subject of lack of teacher's authority is in great tension. The role of the teacher has changed, authority, a fundamental part of the teaching–learning process, is a problematic and questioned by society, the media, parents and students. Due to the fact that the teacher is in the role of the manager of the class, they require power in another form, the authority to influence student behavior. This could be termed teacher authority. Power and authority are central features of teachers' work. Many studies of teachers emphasize the impact that teachers have on students. Legitimate teacher authority is fundamental to effective teaching, but is often a thorny issue that teachers need to grapple with when teaching in modern teaching contexts.The main goal of the article is to analyze the teacher's authority and the pedagogical act in the situation of social change.

Agency as capabilities: Ukrainian women's narratives of social change and mobility

Synopsis The article argues for the usefulness of the capability approach in understanding agency in situations of social change. It develops the notion of agency as a continuum of capabilities. Agency defined in this way comprises of various stages of resistance, action, reception and adaptation and involves different capabilities intrinsic to individual well-being, including mobility. Agency as a continuum of capabilities accounts for the element of chance inherent in situations where habits and routines cannot guide action in meaningful ways. It also grasps the new forms of action needed in situations of social change better than definitions of agency that emphasise deliberation and reflexivity. The article illustrates this re-conceptualisation of agency through a close-reading and follow-up of the lives of three Ukrainian women who recall post-Soviet ‘transition’, migration to Italy and their trajectories into, and out of, domestic work.

Tourism and the reconfiguration of host group identities: a case study of ethnic tourism in rural Guangxi, China

This paper examines the role of tourism in providing cognitive alternatives for the strengthening of place-based ethnic minority group identities in China, and scrutinises subsequent affects of China's integrative policy of ethnic and economic assimilation through tourism. During China's post-1978 reform period, tourism has been utilised in many rural areas as a tool for the economic and social development of rural toured communities. Consequently, tourism has been responsible for huge social, economic and political changes for ethnic minority peoples and landscapes that have been foregrounded into nationalistic tourist discourses. The research is based on ethnographic interviews and observation in the Dong ethnic minority village of Ma'an in south-western China's Guangxi province. Findings are considered with Tajfel and Turner's ‘Social Identity Theory’, which is utilised as an approach to understand how minority groups adapt and react under situations of social change in order to create and maintain positive group identities. The discussion highlights the role of tourism in providing a stimulus for the creation of a local group identity based on ethnic and rural difference and local cultural achievement, which in turn subverts wider negative discourses of rural areas and ethnic minorities. By heightening ethnic and social differences, tourism is shown to be exciting feelings within the Dong host community which are contrary to the wider integrative and socio-economic ideology of State tourism policy in ethnic minority areas.

Child-feeding habits in a situation of social change: the case of Maiduguri, Nigeria.

Based on interview of 250 mainly non-literate low income group mothers who use a childcare and antenatal clinic in Maiduguri, the study sought to know the pattern of child-feeding that is emerging in Maiduguri, a rapidly urbanizing centre, and sought to identify factors responsible for the emergence of the pattern. The study found that the pattern emerging is characterized by a tendency to combine traditional and methods learnt as a result of contact with bearers of western industrial culture. The most important factors seen to be implicated in the development of this pattern is mass media advertisement and the example of elite mothers whose visibly displayed adoption of bottle-feeding elevates it to the status of a fashion in the eyes of the lower income, illiterate or less western educated mothers who then follow uncritically. It is suggested that more be done by the medical profession to counter this trend in the state, than its present apparent resigned acceptance.