Urgency Situations Research Articles

An essay on innovations for sustainable development

Ongoing environmental innovation is the only way to reduce pressures on environmental qualities while maintaining income growth. However, the views on how to initiate and foster environmental innovations differ. In the essay we discuss three theoretical approaches. From neo-classical economic theory we distill the message that research and development of new technology thrive on economic incentives. The evolutionary theory describes patterns in technological development but in our view it exaggerates the importance of technological interlinkages that cause lock-in, as barriers to environmental innovation and it overlooks the organisational impediments within the firm. From the behavioural theory of the firm we learn that innovations can only get through in situations of urgency. The conclusion is that a strict environmental policy can create the sense of urgency and strong incentives for environmental innovation. Ambitious and inflexible targets at macro-level but flexibility at micro-level of the firm are unsurpassable as a policy to foster environmental innovation.

Psychopathologies péritraumatiques chez le mineur agressé sexuellement

Objective of study Principal hypothesis. These research concerns the Acute stress disorder pathologies about the minor under 15 years old victim of sexual abuses. We argue specify psychopathologies specially phobia symptom. General objective. The objective is to create a scale of analysis about clinical interview in urgency situation with sexual abuse minors. The medical psychological context is forensic service in CHU. Patients and method Patients. The effective is 79 minors age and sex together. All patients present a Acute Stress Disorder with DSM IV reference. Method. We use « semi directive » clinical interview. The symptom treatment follows the protocol of semiological frequency scale. These first study doesn't use factorial or correlation support. The results are percentage. Results For greats peri traumatic dominances appear during our research. Symptom of cognitive efficiency. It concerns the rapport of knowledge, to learning but not understanding and cognitive process. Behaviour troubles. The most important trouble is inhibition of psychosocial bind. These inhibition give up sometimes to anxious feelings with aggressive assaults. Phobia symptom. Phobia is the most important syndrome. These phobia is not simply neurotic symptom but similar as limit or psychotic pathologies. It's morbid fears with paranoid anguish. A somatic expression. The body inscription of minor suffering translate identity disorders and alterations of representation process. Conclusion We insist about phobia dimension with Acute stress disorder for sexual abuse to minor. These phobia is paranoid expression as research of B. Brusset in 1999. The threat of psychic breakdown, sometimes dysmorphophobia or depersonalise crisis, argue the necessity to help quickly these children.

Real-time decision support and information gathering system for financial domain

The challenge of the investment domain is that a large amount of diverse information can be potentially relevant to an investment decision, and that, frequently, the decisions have to be made in a timely manner. This presents the potential for better decision support, but poses the challenge of building a decision support agent that gathers information from different sources and incorporates it for timely decision support. These problems motivate us to investigate ways in which the investors can be equipped with a flexible real-time decision support system to be practical in time-critical situations. The flexible real-time decision support system considers a tradeoff between decision quality and computation cost. For this purpose, we propose a system that uses the object oriented Bayesian knowledge base (OOBKB) design to create a decision model at the most suitable level of detail to guide the information gathering activities, and to produce an investment recommendation within a reasonable length of time. The decision models our system uses are implemented as influence diagrams. We validate our system with experiments in a simplified investment domain. The experiments show that our system produces a quality recommendation under different urgency situations. The contribution of our system is that it provides the flexible decision recommendation for an investor under time constraints in a complex environment.

Vocalize to localize

In this study of the functionally referential alarm calls in the meerkats (Suricata suricatta), we tested the hypothesis that the ability to refer to a specific location was an important factor in the evolution of discrete vocalizations. We investigated what information receivers gained about the location of the predator from alarm calls with high stimulus specificity compared to alarm calls with low stimulus specificity. Furthermore, we studied whether visual cues about the localization of the predator may be available from the posture of the caller. We described the general behaviour of the caller, the caller’s posture, and in particular its gaze direction. We then observed receivers responding to the different call types, to determine whether the acoustic structure of the calls was enough for them to respond in the appropriate way, or whether they used additional visual cues from the caller. We tested this with specific manipulation experiments, using three set ups of playback experiments: (1) no caller visible; (2) model guard with specific gaze direction; and (3) live sentinel. Natural observations and experiments confirmed that in high urgency situations the meerkats have enough information from the acoustic structure of the call to respond appropriately. When hearing low urgency calls that are less stimuli specific, meerkats used visual cues as an additional source of information in a few cases. This may indicate that functionally referential calls evolved to denote the location of the predator, rather than the predator type or its velocity of approach. However, when discussing this result in comparison to other functionally referential calls, such as the food associated calls and recruitment calls, this localization hypothesis does not appear to apply to the functionally referential calls in general.

Anaesthesia and obstetrics: the role of the French 1998 laws in childbirth safety

Introduction of new legal texts in 1994-1995 has certainly contributed to the improved safety of anaesthesia practice in France. More recently also legal texts have been published in this country to improve the practice of obstetrics. These two series of texts have had a significant impact on obstetric anaesthesia, improving care directly related to anaesthesia practice (such as visit with an anaesthetist during pregnancy for every patient) but also care of patients with maternal disease through the implementation of regionalisation and of perinatal networks. Significant problems however need to be solved if one wants that improvement in quality continues. Precise evaluation of practice patterns and of outcomes will become possible only when well-defined indicators will have been found and accepted. Also, regionalisation of obstetric services has led to a profound change in workload with an increase in both anaesthesic procedures and stress related to urgency situations in tertiary level perinatal units. Regionalisation has been introduced to reduce perinatal mortality and morbidity. However, maternal complications of obstetric or of pre-existing diseases may require specific competence that may not be available in perinatal centres specifically organized to improve neonatal outcome. High-level perinatal centres should thus be able to care for both the mother and the neonate. Alternatively, when not feasible, specific rules or protocols should be made available to optimize the transfer while taking into account the severity of maternal disease. All these continuing improvements will however be possible only if shortage of specialists of perinatal care stops.

EDITORS??? COMMENTS

The Editors of Transplantation® are particularly pleased to publish this supplement because it represents the unique, collective experience of over 1,500 living-donor liver transplants in Asia. We welcome, as Guest Editor of this supplement, Professor Chao-Long Chen of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Professor Chen is one of the pioneer liver transplant surgeons in Asia and is responsible for spearheading the publication of this supplement. The papers presented in this symposium offer our readers an overview on the current status of living-donor liver transplantation in Asia. The safety standard of the donor operation is of special concern. The various technical innovations in graft design and vascular reconstruction are also presented in detail. In addition, the ethical issues unique to Asian countries and the controversies in applying the operation to patients with malignancy or hepatitis B and in high urgency situations are addressed. The Editors feel that the extensive experience in living-donor liver transplantation described in this symposium will help liver transplant surgeons and physicians to refine the practice of living-donor liver transplantation not only in Asia but in other parts of the world.