Supply Situation Research Articles

Auswirkungen des Ukrainekrieges auf die EU-Agrarpolitik

Abstract The Ukraine war has had some serious impacts on international agricultural markets, as both Ukraine and Russia play an important role in the world market. Even before the war began, grain prices were high, indicating an already tight supply situation due to pandemic, climate extremes and regional armed conflicts. EU agricultural policy has reacted to ease the situation created by the war. The following article discusses the three potential policy reactions: 1) the suspension of fallow land as an agri-environmental measure, 2) the suspension of biofuel-blending and 3) the reduction of meat consumption.

Problems and countermeasures of oxygen supply in hospital under public health emergencies

Oxygen plays a key role in health care, especially during public health emergencies, when the number of critically ill patients in the hospital surged, the oxygen supply was very tight, which seriously affected the treatment of critically ill patients. Based on the investigation of the oxygen supply situation in many comprehensive hospitals, Medical Management Service Guidance Center of National Health Commission of the PRC organized experts in the fields of intensive care unit (ICU), respiration, anesthesia, medical gas, hospital management, and other fields to conduct in-depth discussions. In view of the existing problems in the hospital oxygen supply, the detailed countermeasures from the aspects of oxygen source configuration, oxygen consumption calculation, the design and construction of the medical center oxygen supply system, management and operation and maintenance were proposed, aiming to provide new ideas and scientific basis for the improvement of the level of hospital oxygen supply and the ability to convert from a normal state to an emergency state.

A planning scheme for energy storage power station based on multi-spatial scale model

With the continuous development of renewable energy, it has become important to make efficient use of renewable energy. However, the uncertainty and randomness of renewable energy can cause instability in the operation of power systems and can lead to the problem of abandoning PV power and wind power. To reduce the waste of renewable energy and increase the use of renewable energy, this paper proposes a provincial-city–county spatial scale energy storage configuration model based on the power supply and load situation of the power grid in recent years, which can better adapt to different scenarios. The objective function has been redesigned to take into account the differences in investment returns in different regions, with the objective of minimizing costs, making full use of energy storage devices to reduce the abandonment of renewable energy, achieving efficient use of renewable energy and ensuring system power balance. The proposed model further takes into account the difference in dispatching capacity of different regions and effectively reduces the occurrence of load cutting according to regional characteristics. Finally, the reasonableness of the model is verified by simulation with power grid data for a typical day in spring and a typical day in autumn in a region of China.

Economic analysis of factors associated with education and employment

The purpose of the research is to determine and analyze the current situation in the Georgian economy, labor market requirements, existing workforce structure, main challenges and trends. Important studies were conducted, within the framework of which market requirements were analyzed, consultations were held with experts in the field, employers, representatives of the Center for the Development of the Quality of Education; The present situation of supply and demand in the educational market is studied and analyzed. Qualitative and quantitative studies were also conducted, within the framework of which the following were identified: the compatibility of higher education programs with the market requirements, the inclusion of practical components in the educational process, the relationship between higher educational institutions and students, and the processes of interaction between education and the labor market. We think that the promotion of professional education will definitely lead us to the desired results, both from the point of view of the economy of Georgia and the general situation in the country. There is simply a need for more involvement from the state and, accordingly, more properly conducted measures, raising the level of awareness in society and creating all the prerequisites in order to change the attitude towards vocational schools as positively as possible. All this will eventually become a contributing factor for improving the level of education or the economic situation. The study concludes with findings and suggestions, which cover the issues facing the Georgian labor market and the labor force demand vision. The examination of the influence of higher education on employment and income in Georgia demonstrates that the investment in higher education yields a discernible return at this point, but the human capital developed in the higher education system is still not being employed efficiently in the country.

A pricing and transshipment hybrid strategy for perishable product in two external scenarios for supply disruption

PurposeDifferent external supply scenarios faced by the retailers will affect their choice of strategy when supply is disrupted and becomes far less than demand, urgently. This study focuses on analyzing both demand and supply side response strategies to meet customer demand and reduce the impact of the shortage during supply disruptions.Design/methodology/approachAccording to the quantity of products that the external market can provide, the external supply scenarios were divided into sufficient-type external supply and learning-type external supply. A two-echelon perishable goods supply chain was analyzed, and three kinds of contingency strategy models for downstream retailers were investigated. First, in the sufficient external supply scenario, the optimal price and transshipment quantity to maximize retailer's profits is discussed. Second, in the scenario of learning-type external supply, this study analyzes the optimal decision in three mechanisms of the hybrid strategy and their application: price priority mechanism, quantity priority mechanism and price–quantity balance mechanism. Furthermore, the influence of penalty cost and supply on the priority orders of different mechanisms was studied.FindingsResults show that comparing the two pure strategies (pricing strategy and transshipment strategy)it was noted that the hybrid strategy produces the best results in sufficient-type external supply scenario. In the learning-type external supply scenario, a numerical study has shown the existence of three areas in case of penalty cost and supplier's capacity, and each areas has different priority orders of the three mechanisms. Under the situation of learning external supply, the retailer's optimal strategy is affected by parameters such as penalty cost and supply volume.Originality/valueThe main innovation of the work lies in the following: First; the external supply situation was divided into sufficiency type and learning type, which improves the external situation faced by retailers after the outbreak of emergencies, helps retailers understand the external situation, conforms to the actual situation and has certain practical application value. Second; in the context of learning external supply, there are three coping strategies for retailers, including: Price priority mechanism, Quantity priority mechanism and Pricing and transshipment balance mechanism. This will help retailers make strategic choices, make more scientific management decisions and improve the supply chain emergency management theory. Third; the demand side response was managed through the change of external supply during supply side recovery period and supply disruption. The proposed model enables managing and analyzing supply disruption efficiently and effectively via handling uncertainty by considering all aspects of decision-making process. The proposed model can be applied in various fields such as vegetable and fruit, fresh food, etc.

Equalization Measurement and Optimization of the Public Cultural Facilities Distribution in Tianjin Central Area

In the context of urban stock renewal, the spatial arrangement of public cultural facilities (PCFs) should follow the principles of equity and efficiency to ensure that residents have equitable access to and quality of public cultural services. The aim of this article is to study the spatial distribution of PCFs and the coupling of supply and demand of cultural resources in Tianjin’s central area. By building a supply-demand coupling coordination model and other methods, the equalization of the spatial distribution of PCFs is measured from various perspectives, and the results suggest that more than half of the sub-districts are in a situation of supply and demand imbalance. To fulfill the purpose of meeting residents’ actual needs, balancing supply and demand for cultural resources, and coordinating the increase in stock, these sub-districts’ facilities enter the step of optimization. Depending on the circumstances, the quality and scale of these facilities are optimized, or new facility points are added based on the maximized coverage model. The optimization is shown to be beneficial in terms of updating design and coverage quantity using two real-world cases. Finally, the coverage of facilities in the study area is maximized, facility utilization is made more efficient, and residents’ needs for public cultural services are satisfied.

A Critique on Public–Private–People Partnerships: From a Definitional Inconsistency to the Partnering Dilemma in Today’s Housing Conjunction

This paper showcases the first exhaustive literature review on the public–private–people partnership (4P), as a concept on its own, its backstory, its proposed definitions, and multiple interpretations throughout the last fifteen years. Beyond mapping the discussion on what does the extra ‘P’—the people—component of these partnerships really mean, and how it is understood by scholars and the traditional public and private partners alike, this work also aims to be the starting point for new research avenues, such as corporate–community cooperation, and urban regeneration through different land use and ownership schemes. Hence, the discussion spreads onto analyzing how the concept is approached from different professional fields—for its inherent interdisciplinarity, despite the perceived scarcity of related literature available—but also onto the ambivalence stemming from the nature of the ‘people’ component itself, its functions, and the relationships—formal or informal—that should be established. Finally, the authors go on to critically place the concept within the current urban and real estate trends in both, the Global North and South, while identifying further gaps in the current literature, for example: given today’s critical housing supply and affordability situations, how to get the public and private sectors interested in partnering with people in a more direct way? What needs to be done? What needs to be further researched?

Study on improving collection feeding safety and quality of colostrum for very (extremely) low birth weight infants.

This study aims to explore the difficulties related to fresh colostrum feeding for very (extremely) low birth weight infants (VLBWI/ELBWI) and optimize the colostrum administration process. The VLBWI/ELBWI who were admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit from January to December 2021, were enrolled as the experimental group, and an optimized colostrum feeding process was adopted. The VLBWI/ELBWI admitted from January to December 2020 were enrolled as the control group, and a conventional feeding process was adopted. The general situation of colostrum supply, number of adverse feeding events, maternal breastfeeding rate at the critical time points. There were no significant differences between the baseline charatcteristics of the 2 groups. In the experimental group, compared with the control group, the time to first colostrum collection was significantly shorter (64.8% vs. 57.8% p < 0.05), and the rates of colostrum feeding (44.1% vs. 70.5% p < 0.001), and of maternal breastfeeding at 2 weeks after birth (56.1% vs. 46.7%, p < 0.05) and on the day of discharge (46.2% vs. 37.8%, p < 0.05) were significantly higher. Before and after process optimization, the average total time required for the time for nurses to receive the colostrum in the NICU reduced from 7.5 min/time to 2 min/time, and no feeding-related adverse events occurred. Fresh colostrum feeding process optimization for VLBWI/ELBWI, improves the colostrum feeding rate, shortens the time to first colostrum collection, saves the working time of nurses, and improves the maternal breastfeeding rate at key time points.

Spatial inequalities in preventive breast cancer care: A comparison of different accessibility approaches for prevention facilities in Bavaria, Germany

BackgroundAccessibility analysis is a essential method for depict spatial inequalities. Healthcare services should be accessible to everyone in a timely manner and available in sufficient number. The main objective is to analyze the equivalence of access to preventive breast cancer care facilities in Bavaria, Germany. MethodsAccessibility is understood as a multidimensional concept, which is applied by different accessibility methods (Nearest facility and 2-step flow and catchment area analysis (2SFCA)) and two means of transportation. For both methodological approaches, we compare the results for individual and public transport. We use high-resolution population-based data to provide small-scale comparisons. ResultsThe access for women over 50 years varies widely. In particularly large differences were found between accessibility by car and public transport, especially in rural regions. The results also differ within urban and rural regions, in some cases strongly, depending on the share of vulnerable population groups and the infrastructural situation. The comparison of the 2SFCA indices show that the supply situation depends not only on the proximity to the population and adequate supply capacities, but also on their connection to the transport system. In the case of public transport, it was shown that within the estimated operating distances, it usually provides better supply, especially in the urban area. ConclusionsWe were able to reveal spatial inequalities in access to preventive breast cancer care facilities in Bavaria for women over 50 years. By identifying underserved regions and especially discriminate between public and individual transportation, more precise actions to overcome inequalities in accessibility for single regions and resident groups can be drawn. Especially, policy-makers and other stakeholders rely on comprehensive information to (likely) initiate interventions to reduce spatial inequalities to health care facilities. Based on demographics, trends in outpatient planning and the findings of this paper, inequality is expected to increase.

The Current Situation, Dilemma, and Path Exploration of Community Home-Based Elderly Care Service Supply

The Current Situation, Dilemma, and Path Exploration of Community Home-Based Elderly Care Service Supply

BITING THE BULLET: THE CASE OF HOUSEHOLDS’ RESILIENCE TO WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION DEFICIT IN NIGERIA

This study conceptually assesssed household resilience to water supply and sanitation deficit in Nigeria. It expressed water supply and sanitation situation in Nigeria in terms of historical background and organisation structure of water supply and sanitation and highlighted cases of water supply and sanitation across states and geopolitical zones to reflect the precarious water supply and sanitation condition in Nigeria. Coping strategies that households have adopted in addressing water supply and sanitation deficit were categorised into four: enhancing or supplementing available quantity of water and quality of sanitation facilities; accommodating unreliable water supply supplies and lack of sanitation facilities; improving water and sanitation quality; and collective action and voice. These coping strategies are determined by household socioeconomic status and location (urban or rural) and the extent of unreliability of supply service and their adoption places serious health, financial and social implications on the households. The study concluded that inadequate water supply and sanitation impose significant coping burdens on households, making the household resilience a case of biting the bullet and proffered recommendations that aimed at mitigating water supply and sanitation deficit in Nigeria and other countries with similar background.

Current Situation Of Supply And Demand Of Mental Health Services For Community Residents In D City And Suggestions On Countermeasures

The important task of community construction in China in the new era is to establish a scientific and effective community mental health service model, which plays an important role in improving the psychological quality of community residents and having a happy and beautiful life. On the basis of analyzing the current supply and demand situation of mental health services for community residents in D city and investigating the mental health status of community residents, countermeasures and suggestions for improving the construction of community mental health service system are proposed.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ЕНЕРГОЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СУЧАСНОГО ТА МАЙБУТНЬОГО ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ЕЛЕКТРОТРАНСПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ

This article discusses the common issues of energy supply faced by most municipal enterprises of urban electric transport in Ukraine, which have been affected to some extent by military aggression, impacting their primary function of passenger transportation. The energy supply situation in Ukraine is a matter of global concern, making the topic of this article highly relevant. The article analyzes the structure of electricity generation in the unified power system of Ukraine, revealing that the cheapest electricity is produced by nuclear and hydroelectric power plants in the country, while the most expensive, known as "green" electricity, is generated by solar and wind power plants. Additionally, the article presents a diagram illustrating the changes in funding that occurred in 2023 among the ministries and departments of Ukraine compared to the budget of the previous year. An analysis is provided regarding the prospects of increasing funding for the energy sector of Ukraine during this period. Moreover, the article offers recommendations to municipal enterprises and city councils on post-war procurement of energy-efficient rolling stock for the country's public transport enterprises. These recommendations are based on the analysis of energy consumption indicators for various types of electric passenger transport, including traditional and modern hybrid urban electric transport capable of covering a certain portion of the route without being connected to power wires, thanks to battery packs. Such vehicles can be electric buses or trolleybuses with autonomous operation. The ecological aspect of these hybrid electric transport types is also considered. Hybrid electric transport models are expected to replace city transport powered by internal combustion engines. The article also separately examines the project for renewing the rolling stock of electric transport in the city of Kharkiv, which is the authors' hometown, and explores the possibilities for municipal transport enterprises in this city to increase their entrepreneurial activity by providing charging services to other electric vehicles owned by citizens under private ownership rights. The authors have developed a scheme for the development of charging infrastructure for electric cars, electric bicycles, and other similar vehicles.

Insights for lake restoration and water supply management in hilly regions

AbstractWater resources around the world are facing serious threats attributable to various natural and anthropogenic activities. Civil societies around the world, including India, are facing increasing difficulty in the allocation and sustainable use of their available water resources. Many lakes and rivers, the major surface water sources in India, are highly polluted and on the verge of depletion. Accordingly, there is a growing interest in protecting the ecosystem services provided by the lakes and rivers using several management approaches for lake rejuvenation and conservation. A similar study focusing on water supply situation and its restoration was performed in Nainital, a major hill town located in the state of Uttarakhand. The lake water level has been declining in recent years, raising serious concerns. To address this issue, a plan has been developed to address the decreasing lake level and conserving this vital water supply source for the town. The present study provides an integrated framework enabling conservation practitioners to strategically implement water conservation actions to balance both the ecosystem and societal water needs.

Demand and Supply Situation for Medicinal Plants

From 2020 to 2015, it was predicted that the demand for medicinal plants in India will increase at an annual pace of between 17 and 23 percent to meet the needs of both domestic and international consumers. Small-scale farmers stand to gain financially and economically from a well-organized medicinal plant production and administration system. Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha are the three main Indian medical traditions, and together they are expected to bring in more than $500 million annually. In 2015, the gap between demand and supply of MAPs was predicted to be between 50,000 and 250,000 tons. In 2020, this hole was predicted to grow from 250,000 to 500,000 metric tons. Modified accelerated production (MAP) industries provide labor opportunities in economically depressed states, raising the standard of living and tax base of the area.

The supply situation of cultivated land public ecological products and the path of capacity improvement: Taking Henan province as an example

The supply situation of cultivated land public ecological products and the path of capacity improvement: Taking Henan province as an example

A rapid multispectral endoscopic imaging system for in vivo assessment of the morphological and physiological characteristics of mouse intestines.

Accurate assessment of blood content in biological tissues is critical for the diagnosis and monitoring of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, tumors, trauma, and the success rate of organ transplants. In this study, a multispectral endoscopic imaging system was built for capturing tissue reflection optical images in 18 bands across the wavelength range from 400 nm to 760 nm, non-invasively. The system was characterized by six tri-channel narrowband filters installed in front of the light source to achieve spectral separation and was equipped with a specially designed color CCD for achieving a speed of 24 multispectral imaging cubes per second. A method based on linear matrix inversion was proposed to calibrate the CCD spectral response overlaps, while a spectral analysis algorithm was developed for evaluating blood content and detecting tissue composition. The developed system was implemented in an in vivo mouse model for illustrating the blood volume, blood oxygen saturation index, and scattering particle size of the intestinal wall mucosa. The observations not only helped us to understand the blood supply situation in the intestinal mucosa, but also further testified the feasibility of our presented system. Meanwhile, the developed system could provide critical non-invasive optical information for intracavitary cancer diagnosis, surgery guidance, and treatment assessment.

A big-data-based recurrent neural network method for forest energy estimation

In this paper, the recurrent neural network algorithm of big data is used to conduct in-depth research and analysis on the estimation of forest energy, and the corresponding forestry construction and biomass energy industry development are proposed. Firstly, by introducing a non-negative variable, the bounded constrained underdetermined linear system is transformed into a time-varying system consisting of linear and non-linear equations. Meanwhile, the actual situation of industrial raw material supply of forest biomass is explored by considering the technical level of collection, transportation, and storage. Then, three different alternative scale scenarios are designed to explore the development dynamics of the forest biomass industry in Guizhou under different levels of development and to propose optimization schemes and policy recommendations accordingly. Finally, the simulation results show that in terms of energy efficiency, economic benefits, and environmental benefits, the proposed mehtod can achieve carbon dioxide emission reduction benefits of about 46.17% and increase the economic benefits of carbon dioxide trading by 35.69%.

Nutritional Assessment of Ready-to-Eat Salads in German Supermarkets: Comparison of the nutriRECIPE-Index and the Nutri-Score.

Globally, an unbalanced diet causes more deaths than any other factor. Due to a lack of knowledge, it is difficult for consumers to select healthy foods at the point of sale. Although different front-of-pack labeling schemes exist, their informative value is limited due to small sets of considered parameters and lacking information on ingredient composition. We developed and evalauated a manufacture-independent approach to quantify ingredient composition of 294 ready-to eat salads (distinguished into 73 subgroups) as test set. Nutritional quality was assessed by the nutriRECIPE-Index and compared to the Nutri-Score. The nutriRECIPE-Index comprises the calculation of energy-adjusted nutrient density of 16 desirable and three undesirable nutrients, which are weighted according to their degree of supply in the population. We show that the nutriRECIPE-Index has stronger discriminatory power compared to the Nutri-Score and discriminates as well or even better in 63 out of the 73 subgroups. This was evident in groups where seemingly similar products were compared, e.g., potato salads (Nutri-Score: C only, nutriRECIPE-Index: B, C and D). Moreover, the nutriRECIPE-Index is adjustable to any target population's specific needs and supply situation, such as seniors, and children. Hence, a more sophisticated distinction between single food products is possible using the nutriRECIPE-Index.

Opportunities and challenges for pig production in Vientiane Capital, Laos

In Laos, pork is the second most common meat source after fish and its demand is constantly growing annually. Recently, pork has been in short supply in urban and rural areas, forcing the Lao government to import thousands of tons from neighbouring countries, particularly Thailand, Vietnam, and China. In view of the earlier-mentioned, this study aimed to look at the current situation of pork production and supply in Vientiane Capital (VC) and the prospects for pork production in VC, Laos. In 2020, Laos had a pig population of about 4.3 million, with over 91.0% being native pigs and only 366,000 heads being European pig types, with over 54.0% being reared in VC. In 2019, Laos had 578 commercial pig farms, with 188 farms (33.0%) of which were located in VC. Despite the fact that most of the commercial pig farms are located in VC, pork demand is still high, with the consequence that consumers need to pay a high price. For example, in 2020, the average price of pork was 46,000 LAK/kg ($ 4.00); it rose up by 22.0% against 2019 and by 11.0% from 2015. Several feed raw materials (maize, cassava, and rice bran) are produced in VC, and nearby provinces, which the farmers can use to combat the dramatic changes or instabilities of feed price. We concluded that there is a high potential to develop pig production in VC, especially local breeds considering the high demand for premium pork and more available raw feed materials.