This study sought to analyze the dynamics of family relationships and environmental factors in children in situations of social vulnerability and violence served by an educational institution. This is a descriptive-exploratory study, with eight families served by a non-governmental institution located in a municipality in the Southern Region of Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were applied to fathers, mothers and/or guardians for the analysis of the Comprehensive Assessment Synthesis Instruments (ISAC). The results showed averages close to 3.0 (from 1 to 5) in ISAC, which conceives situations in which there are strengths, but also vulnerabilities in families, especially socioeconomic factors. It was also identified difficulty in accessing health services, education, employment and adequate food. Therefore, health promotion actions should be encouraged, seeking to develop a culture of peace, reduce vulnerabilities and strengthen support networks.