Social Interaction Situations Research Articles

The impact of the community's sound environment on social interactions among residents

The built environment significantly influences social interactions, which are crucial for residents, but little is known about how these interactions are affected by the community's sound environment. This study conducted sound intervention experiments in the community to investigate the impact of alterations in the sound environment on residents' social behaviours. The social interaction situations under five sound intervention conditions were recorded and evaluated from three dimensions: participation, occurrence, and depth. The results indicated that a more natural sound environment in the community leads to a higher proportion of socially interactive residents and an increased occurrence of social interactions among residents. Birdsong interventions increased paired social interactions by 16.3 % compared to traffic noise, while water sound interventions increased grouped social interactions by 16.6 % compared to the control. Compared to the frequency in the lowest group, individual prolonged pair social interactions increased by 0.26 occurrences with birdsong intervention, and prolonged group social interactions increased by 0.19 occurrences with water sounds intervention. The findings can inform community designers about the strategic use of sound to enhance the environment and promote social interactions among residents.

Peer Attachment and Self-Control: Implication on Social Anxiety in Young Adults

Peers emerge as emotionally present figures in the lives of young adults, capable of protecting them from the challenges that can cause the development of social anxiety. In the context of anxiety, self-control highlights a relevant potential, which is positively correlated with mental health and academic path. The present study aims to understand the role of peer attachment and self-control in the development of social anxiety in young adults in the university context. The sample comprised 407 young adults aged between 18 and 25 (M = 20.90; SD = 2.32). Self-report instruments were used: the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), the Scale of Anxiety and Avoidance in Performance and Social Interaction Situations (EAESDIS) and the Low Self-Control Scale. This study concludes that alienation from peers plays a positive role in anxiety and avoidance, as does short temper, with risk-taking and egocentricity negatively predicting social anxiety. The results are discussed, considering the importance of peer relationships in young university students’ adaptive processes and mental health.

Specifics of anticipatory competence of adolescents with speech pathology

IntroductionAdolescents with speech pathology experience disturbances in sound pronunciation, phonemic processes, poor vocabulary, insufficiently formed grammatical structure, and disturbances in coherent speech. The specifics of the emotional-volitional sphere of adolescents in this group are anxiety, isolation and negativism prevent the establishment of full social contacts with peers and adults and complicate the formation of their anticipatory competence.ObjectivesStudying the specifics of the anticipatory competence of adolescents with speech pathology.Methods The study involved 56 adolescent children aged 11-15, attending an educational institution for children with disabilities, diagnosed with general speech impairment level 2. The study was carried out using the following methods: “Achenbach Questionnaire”, “Test of Anticipatory Consistency” by V.D. Mendelevich, “Anticipation of the outcome of a situation with a violation of the norm” by V.P. Ulyanova and the author’s methodology “Studying the anticipatory competence of adolescents” by Akhmetzyanova A.I., Artemyeva T.V.Results It was revealed that adolescents with speech pathology experience difficulties in mastering the material, it is difficult for them to concentrate their attention on the task and bring the work they have started to the end. Adolescents of this nosological group face difficulties in predicting the outcome of situations and the consequences of their own behavior in a situation of social interaction, find it difficult to control time in the process of doing homework and organizing leisure time, make a forecast of various situations that may arise at school and family, make new acquaintances, and communicate freely with parents, teachers and peers.Conclusions The level of speech development influences the formation of personal-situational, speech-communicative anticipatory competence of adolescents, and the ability to predict speech situations. Teenagers with speech pathology need help from adults This paper has been supported by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The Impact Of Smartphone Use On Social Interaction In The Work Environment: Case Study Of Pt Teodore Pan Garmindo Tasikmalaya Employees

This research aims to evaluate the impact of the use of communication technology, especially smartphones, on social interactions in the work environment. Data was collected through a survey filled out by 150 employees from Pt Teodore Pan Garmindo Tasikmalaya. The results of the analysis show that smartphone use has the potential to influence social interactions, especially in the context of face-to-face communication. Women tend to be more involved in social interactions via smartphones compared to men. These findings emphasize the importance of controlling smartphone use wisely in social interaction situations. Effective face-to-face communication remains the key to building harmonious relationships in the work environment.

Intellectual control as integral part in the system of person's mental resources

The article deals with basic approaches in the theoretical research of such unexplored topic as intellectual control. The sources of explored topic and basic theoretical approaches to the named phenomenology are examined. On the base of author's methodic is held the research of the intellectual control and in particular the interrelation between the intellectual control scale and the psychological regulation index by the Rorschach test. The role of intellectual control is defined as an important psychological characteristic, which determines the efficacy of the psychological regulation in the situation of social interaction.

Психологическое консультирование и коучинг как виды социально-психологической помощи

Background. In recent decades, practical psychology has been rapidly developing in the country. The market offers a wide variety of psychological services, while the problem of psychological security, distinguishing scientifically based practices from harmful influences, becomes especially relevant. This article is devoted to the scientific justification of counseling and coaching as types of socio-psychological assistance. Objective. The goal is to analyze and correlate the theoretical foundations and practice of psychological counseling and coaching. The article is aimed at studying the origins of these areas of practice and identifying the subject matter, goals and features of technologies of socio-psychological counseling and socio-psychological coaching. Results. Socio-psychological counseling and coaching are defined as professional activities aimed at helping a client solve his personal, interpersonal, group and organizational problems based on personal and social resources. The purpose of socio-psychological counseling is to increase the effectiveness of the client's interaction with oneself, with the environment and organizations. The purpose of socio-psychological coaching is to create effective ways to resolve subjectively significant situations of social interaction that lead to positive changes in the client's life and personality. Socio-psychological counseling and coaching allow one to help the client by developing socio-psychological competence. Conclusions. Socio-psychological counseling and socio-psychological coaching have their own subject, theoretical and methodological basis and represent types of psychological practice. Developing and borrowing methods and fields of application from each other, consulting and coaching are increasingly converging, sometimes to the point of blurring the differences completely. In the market of psychological services, counseling and coaching exist as separate professions and act as different services for clients.

The personality traits of family caregivers of individuals with dementia: The effects of social anxiety, social phobia, and caregiving hours

Background and Aim of Study: Caring for individuals afflicted with dementia engenders substantial demands and responsibilities for caregivers, encompassing the extensive time allocation devoted to the care recipient on a daily basis. Furthermore, the psychological attributes inherent in informal caregivers, encompassing traits like social anxiety and social phobia, can exert an influence on the evolution of their personal dynamics over time. This phenomenon potentially yields repercussions for how caregivers offer guidance and assistance to elderly individuals grappling with dementia, particularly in relation to their fundamental daily activities and instrumental tasks. The aim of the study: to analyze the predictive effect of social anxiety and social phobia as psychological characteristics of caregivers, along with the impact of caregiving hours as caregiving-related characteristics, on caregivers’ personality. Material and Methods: This observational and cross-sectional study comprised a sample of 97 participants serving as primary family caregivers completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Big Five Inventory, the Anxiety Scale in Social Interaction Situations, and the Social Phobia Scale. Results: The findings revealed that social phobia demonstrated significant predictive power for Openness (β=-0.199; p=0.016) and Extraversion (β=-0.136; p=0.024), whereas the daily caregiving hours negatively affected Conscientiousness (β=-0.145; p=0.011), Agreeableness (β=-0.137; p=0.040), Openness (β=-0.210; p=0.011), and Extraversion (β=-0.175; p=0.003). Conversely, social anxiety did not prove to be a significant variable. Conclusions: The presence of social phobia or higher hours devoted to caregiving for individuals with dementia are factors that impact personality functioning and should be considered in the planning of support programs for family caregivers.

Phubbing behavior, personality, and use of instagram by Brazilian adults: a correlational and predictive study

Phubbing behavior is a phenomenon that consists in ignoring people in situations of social interaction whilst paying attention to one’s smartphone. The study of this behavior enables reflection on the development of healthy behavior patterns when using technology and the design of intervention strategies to cope with phubbing behavior. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between phubbing behavior, use of Instagram, personality traits (Big Five), and sociodemographic variables (gender, education, and age) among Brazilian adults. This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1551 adults (61.7% women; 29.9% men), aged between 18 and 76 years (M = 31.6 years; SD = 9.6 years). The results of the correlation analysis indicated that excessive use of Instagram showed a high, positive association ρ (1551) = 0.442 with Phubbing Behavior and a moderate one with neuroticism ρ (1551) = 0.272. Phubbing behavior was positively and moderately with neuroticism ρ (1551) = 0.290, but it had a weak, negative correlation with age ρ (1551) = -0.117; p < 0.001. Multiple linear regression analysis (forward method) indicated that the variables that most strongly impacted Phubbing Behavior were neuroticism (ΔR2 = .236), conscientiousness (ΔR2 = .244) and use of Instagram (ΔR2 = .204). This result indicates that conscientiousness may have a predictive potential to decrease phubbing behavior, whereas neuroticism and use of Instagram may lead to increased phubbing. Multivariate Analysis of Variance indicated that excessive use of Instagram registered higher scores for women (M = 11.48; SD = 0.21) than for men (M = 9.45; SD = 0.27, p < 0.001). It was concluded that while conscientiousness can function as a protective factor for the development of phubbing behavior, high levels of neuroticism and excessive use of Instagram have greater potential to act as risk factors for it. In addition, neuroticism is also a risk factor for excessive use of Instagram, and women are more prone to such overuse.

Natural sounds can encourage social interactions in urban parks

Urban parks play an essential role in hosting social activities and providing spaces for social interactions. Previous studies have examined the effects ofthe sound environment on individuals, particularly in terms of perception and behavior; however, few studies have investigated the impact of the sound environment on social interactions in urban parks. In this study, an experiment was conducted involving sound interventions and covert behavioral observations in a typical urban park activity space to determine whether different interventional sounds influence social interaction behaviors. In this experiment, four sound intervention groups and a control group were established and three variables describing the social interaction situation in the study area were defined: proportion of people engaging in social interaction, frequency of social interaction, and percentage of time spent on social interaction. These findings indicate that changes in the sound environment have a significant impact on social interactions. The natural sound intervention was found to increase the proportion of people engaged in social interactions and the frequency and time spent on social interactions. The positive effects of natural sounds primarily promoted social interactions within groups. In addition, the noise interventions in this experiment had no significant negative effects. These findings suggest that protecting and augmenting positive sounds are sometimes more important than noise control and that design strategies that focus on the sound environment could facilitate social interactions in urban park spaces and long-term social cohesion.

Film scenes and role-playing: Potentials and empirical findings on the use of audio-visual texts in foreign language teaching

Role-plays are a popular task format in foreign language teaching, among other things to promote speaking. Teachers often assume that their learners have already acquired ideas about the scene to be portrayed or that they can draw on knowledge from their first language. However, this is not always the case. To successfully perform a role-play and thus an interaction, learners need knowledge about the underlying generic characteristics, such as the structure or the verbal, but also non-verbal design of the scene. Referring to a process model for learning social interaction situations (Hallet, 2015), this paper argues for the use of film scenes to model different kinds of interactions and prepare learners for role-playing activities. After a presentation of the theoretical framework, selected results from a design-based research study, which focussed on promoting speaking in two Year 6 English classes (a total of 52 learners aged 11-12 on a pre-mediate level) via a synthesis of genre- and drama-based approach, are presented.

Self-Compassion and Grit in the Context of Social Judgment

Self-compassion and grit are each positively associated with adaptive characteristics, and negatively associated with psychological distress. Limited research exists on the relationship between grit and self-compassion, and there is a paucity of research on the impact of grit on social anxiety. Undergraduate participants ( N = 184) completed online measures of grit, self-compassion, well-being, and psychological distress. They also recalled a recent social situation in which they felt judged and reported state levels of self-compassion. As hypothesized, grit (specifically the perseverance subscale) was related to greater state self-compassion regarding the social judgment situation participants recalled. Further, there was support for self-compassion as a mediator of the relationship between grit and state anxiety. However, how self-compassionate participants reported being in their social stressor was best predicted by trait self-compassion and state anxiety. Finally, the type of social judgment situation mattered: participants were less self-compassionate when they recalled performance situations compared to social interaction situations. Findings suggest continued research on how grit and self-compassion may influence one another over time in the context of social judgment.

The Influence of Communication Skills toward Social Interaction Students in Buddhist College

Effective social interaction is essential to everyday life, especially in an educational environment. Students of Jinarakkhita College of Lampung undergoing lectures need good speaking skills to interact with fellow students and related parties in the campus environment. This study aims to analyze the influence of speaking skills on student social interaction at STIAB Jinarakkhita Lampung. The research method used was a quantitative study using questionnaires distributed to the active student population on the campus. The results showed that the ability to speak significantly influenced the social interaction of students at STIAB Jinarakkhita Lampung. Students with good speaking skills tend to express their thoughts and ideas better clearly and in structure, facilitating effective communication in various social interaction situations. In addition, good speaking skills also affect students' ability to listen well and understand other people's perspectives. With good speaking skills, students can avoid misunderstandings and increase empathy for others, which in turn will strengthen healthy and harmonious social interactions in the campus environment. This research has important implications for academics and decision-makers at STIAB Jinarakkhita Lampung in designing strategies and activities to develop speaking skills for students. By improving speaking skills, it is hoped that social interaction on campus can be improved, create an inclusive environment, support each other, and contribute positively to students' educational experience at STIAB Jinarakkhita Lampung

Comparisons of facial emotion recognition in different social contexts among patients with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.

Previous studies have found that patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD) all have facial emotion recognition deficits, but the differences and similarities of these deficits in the three groups of patients under different social interaction situations are not clear. The present study aims to compare the ability of facial emotion recognition in three different conversation situations from a cross-diagnostic perspective. Thirty-three participants with SCZ, 35 participants with MDD, and 30 participants with BD were recruited, along with 31 healthy controls. A computer-based task was given to assess the ability of Facial Emotion Categorization (FEC) under three different conversational situations (praise, blame, and inquiry). In the "praise" situation, patients with SCZ, MDD and BD were all slower to recognize anger emotion than the healthy controls. In all three clinical groups, patients with SCZ recognized angry faces faster than those with MDD and BD on a continuum from happy faces to angry faces in the "inquiry" situation, while no significant difference was found in the latter two groups. In addition, no significant defect was found in the percentage and threshold of angry face recognition in all three patient groups. Our findings indicate that patients with SCZ, MDD, and BD share both common and distinct deficits in facial emotion recognition during social interactions, which may be beneficial for early screening and precise intervention for these mental disorders.

경험회피와 사회불안 간의 관계에 안전행동이 미치는 매개효과

Objectives The present study aimed to examine whether safety behavior mediates the effect of experiential avoidance on social anxiety. Methods 352 undergraduate students were recruited both online and offline to complete a questionnaire including a Social Phobia Scale(SPS), Social Interaction Anxiety Scale(SIAS), Korean version of the Multidimensional experiential avoidance questionnaire(K-MEAQ-24), and Subtle Avoidance Frequency Examination(SAFE). Results As a result of correlation analysis, there was a significant positive correlation between experience avoidance, safety behavior, and social anxiety, and the normality of the distribution was confirmed when examining the skewness and kurtosis of major variables. In addition, when verifying the measurement model through the structural equation, the model-fit was appropriate, and the factor load of all measurement variables was significant. After that, a complete mediation competitive model was assumed and compared with the partial mediation model, a chi-square difference test result showed a significant difference, and a larger explanatory research model was adopted, that is, subtle safety behavior mediated the relationship between experience avoidance and social anxiety. Conclusions Results suggest that unwillingness to experience distressful thoughts and emotions leads to dependence on avoidance behavior. Moreover, the unwillingness might increase anxiety which the individual feels in social performance and interactive situations.

Adam Smith and Stuart Mill on the vanity of Homo Oeconomicus

Vanity underlies human behavior and can be expressed in various forms in the social, moral, aesthetic, and economic fields. It is an emotional complex that encompasses narcissism and histrionics as character traits, as well as other functions, such as memory, imagination, cognition, and instinctive drive. This study focuses on homo oeconomicus using an economic-philosophical approach to detail vanity in a situation of social interaction between an agent who shows off and a spectator who observes when the topic is a mutual comparison in the face of external signs of wealth. To that end, Adam Smith’s thoughts on vanity in the Theory of Moral Sentiments and Stuart Mill's studies on disturbances in economic models is used. In conclusion, we intend to demonstrate that the thoughts of these two economist-philosophers remain relevant in determining the vanity of the contemporary homo oeconomicus.

Functional Literacy vs Regional Component: From Concept to Design and Development of Tasks

The article is devoted to the issues of functional literacy as a competence of the individual, which reveals itself in situations of everyday existence and social interaction. The authors consider the region as a resource environment for the development of a teacher who is able to form the functional literacy of a student, as well as a space for the formation of global competencies, creative thinking and reading literacy of students. In the course of the study, the main methodological principles were applied, allowing to make the transition from the idea of the significance of the regional space for the formation of functional literacy through the design of tasks in the Omsk linguocultural space to the formation of prototypes of universal tasks, demonstrate a consistent change in the procedures of deduction and induction. The modern school actively includes a regional component in the educational process, relying mainly on the local history aspect. The authors of the article substantiate the close relationship between the regional component of the content of education and the tasks of developing functional literacy. Based on texts with regional content, they prove that assignments based on regional language material can be effectively used to develop functional literacy in general and its individual components: global competencies, creative thinking, reading literacy. At the same time, the authors also note the shortcomings of regional material — the lack of universality, binding to the territory, outside of which it loses its relevance and influencing potential. The authors offer methodological developments (methodological modules) based on the Omsk material, which are based on an invariant that allows variation depending on the region of study. The article describes and comments on the experience of holding philological events (the Russian language Olympiad “Philological Journey through Omsk and the Omsk Region”, the festival of languages and cultures “Under the Sky of the Irtysh Region”), discusses the prospects for educational events of a regional orientation, concludes that such events are promising for development of functional literacy of students.

Функциональная грамотность vs. региональный компонент: от концепции к проектированию и разработке заданий

The article is devoted to the issues of functional literacy as a competence of the individual, which reveals itself in situations of everyday existence and social interaction. The authors consider the region as a resource environment for the development of a teacher who is able to form the functional literacy of a student, as well as a space for the formation of global competencies, creative thinking and reading literacy of students. In the course of the study, the main methodological principles were applied, allowing to make the transition from the idea of the significance of the regional space for the formation of functional literacy through the design of tasks in the Omsk linguocultural space to the formation of prototypes of universal tasks, demonstrate a consistent change in the procedures of deduction and induction. The modern school actively includes a regional component in the educational process, relying mainly on the local history aspect. The authors of the article substantiate the close relationship between the regional component of the content of education and the tasks of developing functional literacy. Based on texts with regional content, they prove that assignments based on regional language material can be effectively used to develop functional literacy in general and its individual components: global competencies, creative thinking, reading literacy. At the same time, the authors also note the shortcomings of regional material — the lack of universality, binding to the territory, outside of which it loses its relevance and influencing potential. The authors offer methodological developments (methodological modules) based on the Omsk material, which are based on an invariant that allows variation depending on the region of study. The article describes and comments on the experience of holding philological events (the Russian language Olympiad “Philological Journey through Omsk and the Omsk Region”, the festival of languages and cultures “Under the Sky of the Irtysh Region”), discusses the prospects for educational events of a regional orientation, concludes that such events are promising for development of functional literacy of students.

Перфекционистская самопрезентация и альтруистические установки в период взрослости

The problem of effective tactics of personal self-presentation in various situations of social interaction is becoming increasingly important. The phenomenon of perfectionism as a person's desire for perfection, exceptional achievements and admiration from others, is becoming increasingly common both in professional and personal spheres. Objective: to identify the relationship between perfectionist self-presentation and altruistic attitudes in different periods of adulthood. It is hypothesized that there is gender and age characteristics and the interrelationships of perfectionist self-presentation and altruistic attitudes during adulthood. The study sample consisted of 90 respondents (men and women) aged 20 to 75 years (Minsk). Three periods of adulthood were compared: early (20-40 years), middle (40-60 years) and late (over 60 years). To diagnose perfectionist self-presentation, the Russian–language version of P. Hewitt's Perfectionist Self-Presentation Scale was used (adaptation by A. A. Zolotareva); to determine the manifestation of altruistic atti tudes, the methodology for diagnosing socio-psychological attitudes of the individual (O. F. Potemkin) was used. The authors obtained the data on gender and age characteristics and interrelations of perfectionist self-presentation and altruistic attitudes during adulthood. Through altruistic actions, men strive to create an image of a perfect person, demonstrate socially desirable behavior (altruism as a secondary benefit and a tool for self-promotion). With age, the level of perfectionist self-presentation decreases, and the manifestation of altruistic attitudes increases, reaching its peak in late adulthood. Empirically, the authors proved the existence of a relationship between perfectionist self-presentation and altruistic attitudes during late adulthood (the willingness to act for the benefit of others, to patronize people who suffer or experience difficulties, is associated with the desire to receive admiration and approval from others). Interpersonal interaction is shown to be regulated by empathy as well as by image and reputation goals, and altruism is one of the tactics of impression management. Taking care of one's reputation, public opinion, and image are important reasons for benevolence and prosocial behavior.

Impression Management Komunikasi Lintas Agama Di Sorong, Papua Barat

Indonesia as a country with a diversity of religions provides part of a strong guideline in the society. The purpose of this study is to describe the management of impressions in inter-religious communication in Sorong, West Papua. The approach of research uses a phenomenology of descriptive-qualitative type with the perspective of dramaturgy theory. Moreover, the data were collected through interviews with religious leaders of Papua, while the observations were made to understand the situation of social interaction in society as well as documentation related to research themes. Furthermore, the data analysis is by grouping information, making categories, and producing findings. Meanwhile, the results of this study will describe that the process of managing impressions in interreligious communication in the Sorong, West Papua is the appearance of stage impressions, appearances, and behavioral styles. Stage impression management is done externally and internally. In addition, the external stage performance was carried out through the Religious Communication Forum (FKUB/Forum Komunikasi Umat Beragama) meeting, while the internal stage was held in a meeting at a place of worship. As for the appearance and style of behavior based on local Papuan customs by the traditional guidelines and religious teachings adopted. Therefore, the overall management of impressions by religious communities as a social capital that could minimize horizontal conflict in the name of religion

Intercultural communication in the space of social interaction

The article is devoted to the problems of intercultural communication related to solving the problem of real achievement of consolidation in modern society. In this regard, special attention is paid to the analysis of the phenomenon of social interaction, which is traditionally mixed with the communication process. The article highlights the reasons for this confusion and its negative social and cultural consequences. Various levels and situations of social interaction that determine the nature and content of possible intercultural communications are also considered. The basis of the research methodology was the identification of various levels of social interaction as conditions for intercultural communication: micro-level, meso-level, macro-level and mega-level. The study of the levels of social interaction shows that the main problems in intercultural communications arise due to the mixing of these levels in the process of a particular communicative act. The main conclusions of this study are that it is the mixing and non-discrimination of the communicative and behavioral space that is the main cause of many modern social conflicts and confrontations. In the modern information society, virtual communications are increasingly dominating, creating an imitation of any social activity. To get away from this imitation, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive mutual study of the cultures of communicants involved in intercultural communication, which includes not only the development of relevant "cultural texts", but also the study of the processes of real social interactions in their relationship (or in the absence of such) with the processes of communication.