Situation Of Social Exclusion Research Articles

The impact of negative urgency on implicit mobile phone addiction tendency among college freshmen in the context of social exclusion.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of negative urgency on implicit mobile phone addiction tendency among college freshmen, and to observe whether social exclusion situations affect the relationship between negative urgency and implicit mobile phone addiction tendency. The UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale was used to screen 575 freshmen from a certain university. The experiment utilized a GO/NO-GO paradigm. Experiment 1 employed a 2 (negative urgency group: high negative urgency group, low negative urgency group) × 2 (word type: phone related words, phone non-related words) two-factor mixed experimental design. Experiment 2 employed a 2 (negative urgency group: high negative urgency group, low negative urgency group) × 2 (social exclusion type: priming group, non-priming group) × 2 (word type: phone related words, phone non-related words) three-factor mixed experimental design. Experiment 1 results showed a significant main effect of negative urgency group and a significant interaction effect between negative urgency group and word type. Experiment 2 results demonstrated a significant main effect of negative urgency group and a significant main effect of social exclusion type. There was a significant interaction effect between word type and social exclusion type, as well as between word type and negative urgency group. The three-way interaction effect among negative urgency group, word type, and social exclusion type was significant. College freshmen with high negative urgency exhibit a higher tendency toward implicit mobile phone addiction. In social exclusion situations, college freshmen show a higher tendency toward implicit smartphone addiction. Social exclusion situations and negative urgency jointly influence the implicit mobile phone addiction tendency of college freshmen.

Barriers to access to hepatitis C treatment with direct-acting antivirals in people who inject drugs in the community setting

Barriers to access to hepatitis C treatment with direct-acting antivirals in people who inject drugs in the community setting. Qualitative study with prison population. Hepatitis C (HCV) treatments with direct-acting antiviral therapy (DAA) are an easy and effective option among people who inject drugs (PWID). However, difficulties in accessing and monitoring treatment in community services and dropouts on release from prison are detected among PWID. For this reason, the aim of the study is to know the access barriers in the diagnosis and treatment of HCV in community health services. An exploratory qualitative study was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 33 PWID recruited in a pre-trial detention prison in Barcelona. The information obtained was analysed using grounded theory. Among PWID sub-population entering prison, personal barriers are related to intense drug use, lack of interest and ignorance of HCV infection and treatment, as well as being in a situation of social exclusion. In relation to health providers, they reported receiving little information, the existence of language barriers in migrants, not receiving screening and treatment proposals, and having poor interactions with some professionals. Systemic barriers were expressed related to the health system circuit being complicated, perceiving little comprehensive care and lack of community support. It is recommended to intensify prevention and treatment campaigns, promoting drug substitution programmes than current ones, improve health education, make the diagnosis and treatment process more flexible, and promote social policies and holistic care for greater coverage of the needs of PWID.

Social exclusion evokes different psychophysiological responses in individuals high on the psychopathy facets fearless dominance and self-centered impulsivity.

Individuals with psychopathic personality traits are generally thought to have difficulties in processing and experiencing emotions. These difficulties could also translate to emotionally charged social situations such as social exclusion. Being socially excluded is often experienced as stressful and unpleasant, potentially even leading to selfish or aggressive behavior-both of which are linked to certain aspects of psychopathy. The current study investigated self-report and physiological responses to social exclusion in the cyberball paradigm in a carefully selected community sample of individuals either scoring high on primary (N = 24) or secondary psychopathy traits (N = 17). Across the sample, the cyberball paradigm decreased experiences of joy and approach motivation, increased subjective anger reports, and induced changes in heart rate. In contrast, individuals scoring high on secondary psychopathy traits (Self-Centered Impulsivity group) displayed stronger physiological reactivity during a habituation phase of prolonged social exclusion than individuals scoring high on primary psychopathy traits (Fearless Dominance group), indexed by changes in skin conductance level. Moreover, a potential mismatch between self-reported and physiological arousal seemed to be only observable in individuals with high secondary psychopathy traits. Overall, the current results suggest diverging patterns of emotional processing and regulation in a social exclusion situation when comparing well-functioning individuals with varying psychopathy traits. It seemed as if individuals high on primary psychopathy traits were insensitive to contextual social cues, while individuals high on secondary psychopathy traits were more affected by the potentially threatening social situation. Cautiously transferring the current findings to forensic samples, they support the idea of moving from a behavioral understanding of the psychopathy construct to a more clinical picture with distinct cognitive and emotional processing patterns in individuals high on either primary or secondary psychopathy traits.

From current to possible selves: Self-descriptions of resilient post-compulsory secondary education Spanish students at risk of social exclusion

Being in a situation of social exclusion limits the potential of individuals and hinders their possibility to have a dignified life. In order to avoid social exclusion and marginalization, adequate access to formal education is vital. However, continuing education in marginalized neighborhoods poses a great challenge both to individuals and to their sense of self. In the present work, we took an approach to educational resilience based on the analysis of learner identity of students that present a trajectory of resilience in severely impoverished neighborhoods. The sample consisted of 132 students from such at-risk neighborhoods, who, despite this risk, completed mandatory secondary education successfully and continue their education beyond that level. They were administered a modified version of the Twenty Statements Test (TST) to measure current and possible selves related to their learner identity. The organization of the self, the emotional valence, the plane of action, the thematic reference, and thematic self-continuity were analyzed, as well as possible selves’ relationship with grade level, gender, and parental formal education. Results showed that, despite risk, their possible selves had high standards and were positive, reflexive, and connected to their current selves, which regulate and guide the students’ actions towards their goals. Academic experience and high parental formal education were related to the development of more personal and reflexive possible selves, reflecting the appropriation of school-related discourses about the self and the future. Interestingly, none of the variables was related to the emotional valence of self-descriptions. Students with a trajectory of resilience developed a highly positive sense of future self regardless of academic experience, gender, or parental formal education. Implications for resilience theory, identity research, and social intervention in at-risk contexts are discussed.

ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE SOSYAL MEDYA BAĞIMLILIĞININ SOSYAL DIŞLANMA İLE İLİŞKİSİ

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between social media addiction and social exclusion among university students. A descriptive and cross-sectional study included 466 university students, reached through social media platforms. Research data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of an introductory information form, the Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form, and the Ostracism Scale for Adolescents, all prepared using Google Forms. The data obtained from the research were analyzed using the SPSS program. The mean total score on the Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form for the participating students was 70.75±18.47, while the mean total score on the Ostracism (social exclusion) Scale for Adolescents was 20.36±5.97. It was determined that 45.9% of the students scored above the scale average on the social media addiction scale, and 60.3% scored above the scale average on the social exclusion scale. It was found that social exclusion is a predictor of social media addiction. In preventing social media addiction among university students, creating healthy environments where students can engage in social activities and considering the situation of social exclusion in the provision of psychosocial health services may be beneficial.

Design of a Protocol for Detecting Victims of Aporophobia—Violence against the Poor

Aporophobia or aversion to the poor is a discriminatory phenomenon that causes a serious problem to the person with consequences related to damage, injury and physical and/or psychological sequelae. This paper describes the creation of the first aporophobia risk assessment tool, developed through a bibliometric review and expert opinion. This article presents the results obtained in the first phase of the design of this instrument for the detection of victimisation suffered by people in extreme poverty or at risk of poverty due to discrimination or aversion. Initially, a bibliometric review was carried out to identify the risk factors present in aporophobic situations and victimisations related to discrimination or rejection of people living in poverty. For the development of this aporophobic victimisation detection tool, the methodology of structured judgment by means of a panel of experts was used. After identifying the risk factors present in aporophobic victimisation, the panel of experts was formed with the participation of 26 academic professionals and those who work with these people in situations of social exclusion. Using expert methodology and the Delphi technique, they identified the most appropriate variables for inclusion in the detection instrument currently being designed, distinguishing between individual, social and relational factors and, finally, the most influential environmental factors for being victims of aporophobia. The results of the panel of experts highlight some of the following variables, for example, substance use and/or possible undiagnosed mental illness related to individual dimensions, in the case of variables related to one’s social level, among others, a lack of community ties and/or social participation and, finally, among the variables within a context called victim opportunity, the routine of staying overnight on the street or in enclosed spaces at street level by homeless people is highlighted. The experts who made up the panel highlighted the usefulness of this type of instrument for the professionals who attend to these people with different resources; the first version of this instrument is a protocol that evaluates all possible areas of the people of interest in order to detect these invisible situations.

(Re)making ‘third places’ in precarious times: Conceptual, empirical, and practical opportunities for occupational science

ABSTRACT Background: Occupational science scholarship has long recognized the relationship of person, occupation, and context, with less focus on the role of occupation in placemaking. Inquiries about ‘third places’ beyond home and work can develop knowledge about how occupations help (re)create and maintain places; such knowledge is especially relevant for understanding how people navigate precarious social and economic conditions. Methods: Through a 5-step scoping review, we surveyed the state of knowledge about ‘third places’ and the roles they play in the lives of precariously employed individuals. Our review covered English-language literature published between 2012 and 2022 that was indexed in eight academic journal databases. We descriptively and thematically analyzed 24 multidisciplinary articles. Findings: Included articles were concentrated among relatively few disciplinary, geographical, and methodological bases. Within these studies, situations of financial precarity and social exclusion prompted precarious workers to access and create alternative physical and virtual third places; these third places were characterized by having low barriers to entry, affording diverse forms of participation, and engendering few obligations or commitments. Occupations occurring through these places played a central role in placemaking and reflected the multifaceted purposes of third places and the diverse needs experienced within precarious lives. Implications: These findings support the need to reconceptualize ‘third places’ in ways that attend to occupation and foreground inclusionary and exclusionary potentials. Further research on third places can extend occupational science theorization of dynamic person-occupation-place relationships and advance interdisciplinary social transformation efforts through occupation-based community development work.

Model of psychosocial determinants of health in processes of social exclusion.

The substantial increase in the number of families facing social exclusion in Europe and its direct relationship with health inequities is a challenge for studies approaching the social determinants of health and policies dealing with welfare and social inclusion. We start from the premise that reducing inequality (SDG10), has a value and contributes on other goals such as improving health and well-being (SDG3), ensuring quality education (SDG4), promoting gender equality (SDG5) and decent work (SDG8). In this study, we identify disruptive risk factors and psychological and social well-being factors that influence self-perceived health in trajectories of social exclusion. The research materials used a checklist of exclusion patterns, life cycles and disruptive risk factors, Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Ryff's Psychological Well-being (PWB) Scale and Keyes' Social Well-being Scale. The sample consists of 210 people (aged between 16 and 64 years): 107 people in a situation of social inclusion and 103 people in a situation of social exclusion. The data treatment involved statistical analysis, including correlation study and multiple regression analysis, aimed at developing a model of psychosocial factors that may act as health modulators, considering social factors as predictors in the regression model. The results showed that individuals in the sample, in a situation of social exclusion, have a greater accumulation of disruptive risk factors, and these are related to having fewer psychosocial and cognitive resources to cope with stressful situations: less self-acceptance, less mastery of the environment, less purpose in life, less level of social integration and social acceptance. Finally, analysis showed that in the absence of social integration and purpose in life, self-perceived health statuses decline. This work allows us to use the model obtained as a basis for confirming that there are dimensions of psychological and social well-being that should be considered stress-buffering factors in trajectories of social exclusion. These findings can help design psychoeducational programs for prevention and intervention with the aim of improving psychological adjustment and health states, as well as to promote proactive and reactive policies to reduce health inequalities.

Causal Attribution for Poverty in Young People: Sociodemographic Characteristics, Religious and Political Beliefs

Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon that includes a lack of education, health or housing; it is a relevant factor of social vulnerability that could lead to a situation of social exclusion. According to studies, poverty can be explained by external/social, internal/individual or cultural fatalistic factors. The aim was to confirm the structure of causal attributions of poverty and their relationships with sociodemographic characteristics, as well as religious and political beliefs, in young people. This is a cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic convenience sample of undergraduate students on different degree courses. A survey was administered to 278 participants (45.4% women) with an average age of 21.59. They were young people studying health science degrees (78.4%) who self-identified as belonging to the lower or middle–lower class (57.2%), without any religious beliefs (56.5%) and as left wing (37.8%; n = 94) or center-left (27.7%; n = 69) in their political orientation. Confirmatory factorial analysis and multiple regression analysis supported the results in previous literature (CFI = 0.90, SRMR = 0.07, RMSEA = 0.06), indicating that there are cultural (C), external (E-S) and internal (I) attribution factors of poverty. The results show moderate relationships between the cultural factor and internal or external factors. The findings show that political affiliation and sex are the most consistent predictors of attributions for poverty.

“If I had power, I would stop injustices in the world”: Photovoice’s experiences with young people from disadvantaged urban communities

ABSTRACT Based on participatory research with a group of young people of 13 to 17 years old from a socially vulnerable community of Porto (Portugal), this article proposes a reflection and debate about what conditions these young people find for citizen participation in the relationship with their communities. Faced with a fragmented urban landscape, constituted by socially marginalized communities, which often instigate asymmetrical power relations and situations of territorial stigmatization and social exclusion, young people come across constant social challenges. Through the photovoice method, the youngsters were encouraged to research the community reality that surrounds them; to carefully observe and analyze the contexts and express them visually. This article presents results produced by this research experience, and how it facilitated debates and interaction with young people, allowing us to understand better their reality and the ways they see it and act in it.

Counter-Narratives Mobilized by Deprived Communities Through Theatre Interventions: Deconstructing and Reframing Master Narratives

Mise au Jeu is a Quebec-based social intervention organization that has been putting on forum theatre – in the Augusto Boal tradition of the theatre of the oppressed – for over 20 years. We investigate how such a non-profit organization creates spaces where members of a deprived communities can elaborate counter-narratives to deconstruct dominant narratives, thereby helping them to make sense of situations of oppression they are living and to act to promote social change. By unpacking counter-narrative strategies and their enabling mechanisms, our study contributes to the narrative tradition in two principal ways. First, while extending Deetz’s work on dominant narratives, we enrich existing understanding of the disruptive power of counter-narratives in situations of social exclusion by bringing to bear the theatrical principles and techniques of Augusto Boal, a missing voice in extant narrative literature. Second, we propose a reflexive discussion related to the political conceptualization of counter-narratives.

Effective strategies for socio‐educational intervention during the process of transition to adult life of unaccompanied minors from Africa

The arrival of unaccompanied minors from Africa in Spanish territory has been a constant since the last decade of the twentieth century. This migratory phenomenon has forced the child welfare system to attend to thousands of migrant children. The transition to adult life is a decisive stage in overcoming the situation of social exclusion. This research aims to analyse which socio-educational intervention strategies are effective during the process of transition to independent living with unaccompanied minors of African origin. We designed a qualitative research according to the grounded theory, which we divided into two phases. Twenty-nine young people (26 men and 3 women) participated. In phase 1, we performed two focus groups (N = 11), and in phase 2, we conducted longitudinal follow-ups (N = 18) for 24 months through 180 interviews. The results indicate the effectiveness of designing socio-educational accompaniment, prioritizing spaces of trust from which to attain the goals of emancipation. Young people consider effective those strategies that favour their knowledge of the social, labour and legal reality of the host society, designed considering each minor's individualized situation. We concluded that professional involvement acts as a buffer, reducing the bureaucratic obstacles implemented by the Spanish government.

Up around the bend? How transport poverty can lead to social exclusion in a low-income community in Lagos, Nigeria

Well planned and executed urban mobility policies are essential for economic, social, and environmental development. Cities in developing countries, in particular, face serious problems involving infrastructure, traffic congestion, and services accessibility. These factors, made worse by poor planning, lead to social inequality. This paper conducts a multidimensional analysis of how travel times and the related opportunity costs lead to transport-related social exclusion (TRSE) situations in Ajegunle, in Lagos, Nigeria. Our contribution to the literature is to extend and quantify the TRSE framework in the case of a low-income community in a developing country. The methodology applies an interdisciplinary research design that uses open-access remote-sensing and route planning web applications (Google Maps, Google Earth, and Lara.ng) and a critical literature review, embedded in a TRSE framework. Thereby we obtain the difference between the estimated and the ideal travel times that residents of this community take to reach locations offering five different services – education, work, shopping, leisure, and health – distributed in seven locations across the city. Based on the difference between the estimated and ideal travel times, which on average is between half an hour and two hours, we calculate the opportunity cost based on local living wages as benchmark, which results in an average between 7.6% and 27.4% of the daily wages. This concept captures a temporal and spatial valuation, expressed in monetary terms, of the impact of an inadequate public transport system on poorer residents' everyday lives. This analysis using the TRSE framework shows that poor public transport, and consequently high opportunity costs, translates into social exclusion in this low-income community. Finally, we recommend a set of practical transport, urban-planning, and social policies that can remedy this predicament.

Social exclusion and health outcomes among empty nest and non-empty nest older people in China

AbstractMany existing studies lack a comprehensive picture of the social exclusion statuses and health outcomes of empty nesters and those empty nesters living alone or with a spouse only. Cross-sectional analysis was conducted on representative national data from the 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey, focusing on respondents aged 60 and above (N = 7,923). Four dimensions of social exclusion (social relationships, subjective feeling of being excluded, social activities and financial products) and three health outcomes (self-reported health (SRH), activities of daily living (ADLs) and depression), were considered. Results show that ‘empty nest’ older people were more likely to be excluded from social relationships and to experience subjective feelings of being excluded, and were less likely to participate in social activities than non-empty nesters. Empty nesters were significantly less likely to report fair SRH and ADL difficulties than non-empty nesters, but they were more likely to report having depression than non-empty nesters. Among ‘empty nest’ older people, empty nesters who were living alone were associated with higher levels of being excluded from social relationships and to experience subjective feelings of being excluded than those who were living with a spouse only. Future research could focus on the development of age-friendly communities which act as health interventions to address relevant situations of social exclusion and depression among empty nesters.

Uncertainty Analysis Applied to the Representation of Multidimensional Social Phenomena

The representation of social phenomena has been associated with substantial conceptual and operational difficulties. Social phenomena have a complex multidimensional nature that leads to different conceptualizations and measurements. This problem makes it difficult to choose the subindicators to be considered in the composite indicator of the phenomenon. In addition, subindicators can be normalized, weighted, and aggregated in different ways. There is no answer in the literature about which combination of methods is most appropriate to represent a given phenomenon. This research aims to answer which normalization and aggregation methods combination offers the best representation of the social exclusion process considering its multidimensionality. Fifteen subindicators of social exclusion were aggregated and normalized by different methods, generating thirty-one composite indicators. Three criteria measured the performance of the composite indicators: external validity with the average household income indicator, the actual conditions of the environment observed by the urban landscape analysis, and the prediction errors of the composite indicator. The results show significant differences in the capacity of a composite indicator to represent situations of social exclusion. It is possible, however, to represent social exclusion more consistently from subindicators normalized by the min–max technique and aggregated by the geometric mean.

Проблематика социального исключения в межличностных отношениях в контексте детской художественной литературы

Introduction. The modern society is characterized by increasing socio-psychological tensions which enhance the disintegration processes in interpersonal relations. Such processes include ignoring, alienation, rejection and exclusion of a person from significant relationships with other people. This makes social exclusion a relevant research topic. This paper contains a literature review of publications which analyze the works of fiction describing situations of social exclusion in interpersonal relationships among children and adolescents. The literature review is carried out in order to achieve a better understanding of social exclusion: the conditions which give rise to social exclusion, the space and forms of its manifestation, and the key features of the object and subject of exclusion. The paper also seeks to explore the factors of social exclusion prevention. Materials and methods. We carried out a literature review of publications devoted to the study of social exclusion, with emphasis on the analysis of publications that reflect the problems of social exclusion in interpersonal relationships in the context of children’s fiction. The results of the study. The literature review revealed that the topic of social exclusion is widely represented in fiction both explicitly and indirectly. Russian and foreign children’s literature contain examples of ignoring, rejection, and exclusion in interpersonal relationships both in the family and in the educational environment. We describe the possibilities of using these materials in teachers’ work with preschool and school-age children in order to help teachers identify social exclusion in real-life situations, develop their awareness of various manifestations of social exclusion, and prevent exclusionary behavior on the part of teachers or other children in educational institutions. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate that children’s literature can develop the emotional sphere of the child through causing the child’s emotional empathy for the characters in a situation of social exclusion, as well as through provoking the child’s reflecting on such a situation. Children’s literature also contains examples of accepting, or inclusive, behavior—the analysis of such examples can be considered to prevent social exclusion at preschool and school institutions and, in the future, in a broader social context.

Tools for social policy management: the SiSo Scale for measuring situations of social difficulty

AbstractThe design and evaluation of social policies requires information systems that enable social intervention with the people targeted by the programmes and services and that also offer indicators for the follow-up and monitoring of the policies adopted. The article presents the process of validation of a tool for diagnosing situations of social difficulty arising from social exclusion. The scale has been implemented in one of Spain’s seventeen Autonomous Communities and has been selected on the basis of Good Practice under the European Social Fund. Expert judges were consulted for content validity; the metric properties of the scores obtained by the scale were examined and an exploratory factorial analysis (EFA) was performed to study the internal structure. The results show that the scale has adequate levels of content validity, construct validity and internal consistency. The SiSo Scale supplies a synthetic index of Social Position, providing professionals with the technical tools needed to carry out social diagnoses and simultaneously giving valid and reliable information on the social condition of people in a situation of social exclusion, which can guide social policy decision-making.

Vulnerabilidad y cronificación de la pobreza: estudio de caso de la exclusión social en Olot (Girona)

We are in a context where situations of poverty and social exclusion have spread, intensified and transformed. This context shows a more complex and diverse reality than the usual one; which, in turn, challenges the traditional ways of defining and implementing social policies. Although the debate is extensive, this article focuses on the emergence of two central phenomena to define the current social reality: the chronification of poverty and an increase in social vulnerability. First, these two phenomena will be placed in a conceptual framework on social exclusion; next, their empirical manifestation will be examined in a specific case: the city of Olot in the province of Girona). This will serve to assess the extent to which these new concepts (chronification and vulnerability) are useful to present the social reality of a specific community and, simultaneously, to observe how conceptual debates translate into practical challenges.

Impact of Social Exclusion on Customer Participation in Innovation: Role of Customer-Company Identification.

In a social context, customer participation in the innovation process is often accompanied by social exclusion situations, which are generally believed to have a negative impact on individuals. However, research results and marketing practices show that social exclusion can also exert a positive influence on creativity, product selection, perceived risk, and so on. Through two experimental studies, this research explores the relationship between social exclusion and customer participation in innovation. It finds that social exclusion has a positive influence on customer participation in innovation and that customer-company identification mediates this relationship.

Altered immediate behavioral response to partial social exclusion: A cross-diagnostic study in patients with borderline personality disorder and persistent depressive disorder

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and persistent depressive disorder (PDD) are related to interpersonal dysfunction which might become particularly apparent in situations of social exclusion (SE). While emotional responses to SE have been widely explored, behavioral data in clinical samples are lacking. In this cross-diagnostic study, we applied a variant of the Cyberball paradigm to investigate the dynamic behavioral response to partial SE in BPD and PDD. BPD patients (n=36), PDD patients (n=34) and age and gender matched healthy controls (HC) (total n=70) played experimental (i.e. partial SE Cyberball) and control (i.e. inclusion only) conditions in randomized order. While all groups tended to increase ball tosses towards the excluder in response to SE, this behavioral turn was significantly lower in PDD (p=.03, d=-.30) and trendwise in BPD patients (p=.06, d=-.28). Thus, an altered immediate response to partial SE was observed in BPD and PDD, in addition to the emotional reactions. This study supports the hypothesis of a behavioral coping with SE in BPD and PDD that might be problematic in the long run and provides an experimental paradigm for future research on interpersonal dysfunction.