Social Conflict Situations Research Articles

Locus of Control and Emotional Responses as Determinants of Young People’s Preferred Coping Strategies in Social Conflict Situations

Locus of Control and Emotional Responses as Determinants of Young People’s Preferred Coping Strategies in Social Conflict Situations

CARACTERIZACIÓN DE SISTEMAS DE PRODUCCIÓN LECHERA Y SALUD DE LA UBRE EN EL NORTE DE ANTIOQUIA, COLOMBIA

<p><strong>Background: </strong>The sociodemographic characterization of milk producers allows knowing their particular conditions in terms of social, political and economic structure through indicators that describe them as social actors, interaction networks, conflict situations and events related to milk production. <strong>Objective:</strong> To characterize the diversity of dairy production systems in Northern Antioquia with a focus on the producer, the farms, access to services and their impact on the biological indicators of udder health. <strong>Methodology:</strong> A cross-sectional study was designed <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">that</span> including 216 milk producers within distributed in 9 dairy municipalities in northern Antioquia. Surveys to characterize the producer, the farm and access to services for health and milk production were carried out. As biological indicators of udder health, the annual average<span style="text-decoration: line-through;">s</span> of bulk tank somatic cell counts (BTSCC) and colony-forming units (CFU) of each farm were analyzed. Statistical analyzes were performed with SPSS version 25.0 and a p < 0.05. <strong>Results: </strong>The biological indicators of udder health in the studied farms presented poor sanitary quality according to the BTSCC for 67 % of the producers and poor hygienic quality with CFU in for 22 % of the participating farms. Briceño producers showed the lowest production in contrast to Santa Rosa de Osos milk producers, who have the highest production. In the linear regression models, 18.2 % of the BTSCC was explained by the location in relation to the municipality, the size of the production system and the type of milking. The CFU values were explained in 29.8 % by the municipality, the cooperative association or livestock association, the milk storage system, the offer of laboratory services for milk and cows, the area of the farm dedicated to grazing, the number of animals on the farm and the average daily production per cow. <strong>Implications:</strong> This study shows the importance of understanding udder health issues not only at the cow level from a biomedical approach. The understanding of udder health from the farm in the sociodemographic context shows that its location, access to services, technology, education and associativity establish opportunities to improve production and competitiveness of milk production. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> udder health can be positively or negatively affected by the location of the production system, the size of the production system, the type of milking, the association to a cooperative or livestock association, the milk storage system, the supply of laboratory services for milk and cows, the area of the farm dedicated to grazing, the number of animals on the farm and the average daily production per cow. To consider these variables is fundamental in decision-making in mastitis control and preventive care for udder health.</p>

Universal Refugee Social Protection Guidelines: A Discussion into the Challenges to Their Successful Adoption

AbstractThis paper discusses some of the impediments to the realization of refugee-specific conventions and the international bill of human rights content, i.e., the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the UDHR. The discrepancy highlights a broader failure in the diffusion of the global refugee regime and underscores the disparity between the intentions of global policy and its real-world impact. Challenges to global social policy diffusion (and the resultant implementation gaps in Africa) are examined through the use of secondary data on refugees in South Africa and the region. Also examined is the content of human rights conventions and their adoption. The challenges noted include (i) compulsory forms of power within the global governance system and constraints on the global refugee regime; (ii) protracted social conflict situations, funding gaps, geopolitical reordering and an ensuing lack of cohesion amongst stakeholders in the transference of global social policy and (iii) limitations in the content of refugee rights and a poor alignment of the said content at the national and local contexts.

SCARCITY OF WATER RESOURCES IN CENTRAL ASIA AS A FACTOR OF ECOLOGICAL MIGRATION

In the article, issues and the specificity of the deficit in the Central Asian region are considered as a factor of environmental migration. The climate on a global scale is affected by environmental disasters and crises in many countries of the world. The results of research show that the lack of fresh water in the near future represents a serious decline for people, which will lead to serious consequences: the meeting of the post and consideration of the questions will be held at the highest level and there is a need to control the migration of the population from the place, where there is no waste of water, the emergence of various social cataclysms and conflict situations. Central Asia is considered one of these treacherous regions, where the lack of water flows. The lack of water resources can not only attract millions of people, but also to combat conflicts and destabilize the political situation in the region, which has geostrategic knowledge. Therefore, the current political analysis of such problems is carried out, the identification of candidates, the search for solutions and the prognosis of the future. The author notes that in the long term in the Central Asian region, the problem of water scarcity will be aggravated due to high rates of population growth, in connection with which Interstate contradictions in the water and energy sector will deepen, and environmental migration will intensify. Water scarcity in Central Asia will be analyzed as a natural factor causing spontaneous migration, its consequences will be predicted, and proposals will be made that will contribute to the implementation of environmental, migration and water policies at the regional level.

The Rupture of an Association: Social Conflict and Its Management in the Thessalonian Christ Assembly

Abstract The Christ group in Thessalonica was established when members of an association abandoned their deity and adopted Christ devotion. This interpretation has been advanced by others. While adopting this interpretation in general, I suggest modifications to it. In particular, I propose that the association experienced a split in its membership, with some members staying with the parent association and others breaking off to form a new assembly with a new deity. This scenario offers us a context for understanding the “persecution” experienced by the Thessalonian Christ group, as social conflict was played out in the public arena between the parent association and the Christ assembly. The authors of 1 Thessalonians sought to reduce the social conflict while still maintaining the distinctive identity of the Christ assembly and its theological commitments. This article (1) suggests several ways in which the new Christ assembly underwent adjustments in its associational character, (2) offers comparanda from the database of Greco-Roman associations, and (3) proposes that the authors’ comments in 5:15 are best interpreted in relation to this situation of social conflict between the parent association and its deviant offspring assembly.

Parental attitudes as perceived by adolescents who apply the aggressive, avoidant, and task-oriented strategies in situations of conflict

The goal of the study was to compare parental attitudes (as perceived by adolescents) with regard to the coping strategies applied by adolescents in situations of social conflict (aggressive, avoidant, task-oriented). Plopa’s Parental Attitude Scale (Skala Postaw Rodzicielskich, SPR) and the Questionnaire for Coping Strategies in Parents in Situations of Social Conflict (Kwestionariusz strategii radzenia sobie rodziców w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego, KSRwSK) by D. Borecka-Biernat were used in the study. The empirical studies were conducted in middle schools on a sample of 893 participants (468 girls and 425 boys), aged 13 to 15. In the light of the conducted research, it has been concluded that appropriate parental attitudes, filled with emotional warmth, acceptance, and support, accompanied by respect for the adolescent's independence, allow young people to apply the constructive (task-oriented) strategy, that facilitates effective resolution of conflict. Moreover, an analysis of the research material has indicated that a destructive (aggressive, avoidant) way of reacting to emotional tension in situations of social conflict is shaped by inappropriate parental attitudes, characterized by high expectations and lack of a balanced emotional bond. It appears that the obtained information may constitute a theoretical guide for parenting strategies that might help shape an individual able to cope with conflict in a mature way.

Parental Attitudes and Coping Strategies in Parents as Indicators of the Prognosis of Aggressive and Task-Oriented Coping Strategies in Adolescents in Situations of Social Conflict

The aim of the study was to identify family-related factors connected with aggressive and task-oriented coping strategies in adolescent youth in situations of social conflict. The study was conducted on a sample of 893 adolescents aged 13 to 15. M. Plopa’s Parental Attitude Scale (Skala Postaw Rodzicielskich, SPR), the Questionnaire for Coping Strategies in Parents in Situations of Social Conflict (Kwestionariusz Strategii Radzenia sobie Rodziców w Sytuacji Konfliktu Społecznego, KSRwSK) by D. Borecka-Biernat, and Questionnaire for Coping Strategies in Adolescents in Situations of Social Conflict (Kwestionariusz do Badania Strategii Radzenia sobie Młodzieży w Sytuacji Konfliktu Społecznego, KSMK) by D. Borecka-Biernat were used in the study. An analysis of the results of the study has indicated family discriminants of aggressive and task-oriented coping strategies in adolescents in situations of social conflict; those discriminants include the perceived parental attitudes in father, including the inconsistent, autonomous, and demanding attitude; the perceived aggressive strategy in mother and father in situations of social conflict, as well as the task-oriented strategy in mother in situations of social conflict. Identifying the determinants of aggressive and task-oriented strategies in youth might allow the caretakers of adolescents to better understand their behaviour in situations of social conflict and look at its roots from the young people’s perspective. Understanding the determinants of these behaviours is a necessary step in designing strategies that can shape individuals capable of coping with conflicts in a mature manner.

Parental Influence Modelling the Formation of Adolescents’ Coping Strategies in Situations of Social Conflict

The study aimed to search for a family aetiology of strategies for adolescents in situations of social conflict inherent in the pattern of parental response to situations of social conflict. The research used the Questionnaire on Coping Strategies of Parents in Situations of Social Conflict (in Polish – KSRwSK) by D. Borecka-Biernat, and the Questionnaire for the Study of Coping Strategies of Adolescents in Situations of Social Conflict (in Polish – KSMK) by D. Borecka-Biernat. Empirical research was conducted in junior high schools. They included 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13–15. The research analysis showed that the mother and Father, perceived as using destructive and constructive strategies in social conflict, contribute to modelling a process involving destructive and constructive behaviour used in cases of social conflict.

Avoidant coping strategies in adolescents in situations of social conflict: an attempt to identify personality and family indicators

Goal The purpose of the study was to determine the personality and family indicators of the avoidant coping strategy in adolescent youth in situations of social conflict Method The study was conducted on a sample of 893 middle school students. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) (adapted by Dzwonkowska, Lachowicz-Tabaczek and Łaguna), the Sense of Control Questionnaire (SCQ) by Krasowicz and Kurzyp-Wojnarska, the Stress Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) designed by Włodarczyk and Wrześniewski, the Three-Factor Inventory of Personality States and Traits (TIPST) by Spielberger, the Parental Attitudes Scale (PAS) Plopa, the Questionnaire for Coping Strategies in Parents in Situations of Social Conflict (QSPC) by Borecka-Biernat, and Questionnaire for Coping Strategies in Adolescents in Situations of Social Conflict (QSAC) by Borecka-Biernat were used in the study. Results Young people’s strong conviction of other individuals’ impact on negative and positive outcomes of events, the perception of social conflict as challenge and reacting to that conflict with anger or anxiety co-occurs with the tendency towards the avoidant coping strategy. Among the familial determinants of the avoidant coping strategy, an important role is played by the inadequate parental attitudes towards the adolescent child, as well as the pattern of avoidance in situations of social conflict in the parents. Conclusions Learning about the causes of the avoidant coping strategy in the young person will allow the parents and teachers to better understand the adolescents’ behaviour in situations of social conflict and look at its roots from the adolescent’s perspective. Understanding the causes of this behaviour may become a starting point for creating educational strategies that help young people cope with conflict in a mature way.

Modelujący wpływ rodziców w kształtowaniu strategii agresywnego radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego.

<b>Cel.</b> Cel badań stanowi poszukiwanie rodzinnej etiologii agresywnej strategii radzenia sobie dorastającej młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego tkwiącej w agresywnym wzorze reagowania rodziców na sytuację konfliktu społecznego. <b>Metody.</b> W badaniach posłużono się Kwestionariuszem strategii radzenia sobie rodziców w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego (KSRwSK) Danuty Boreckiej-Biernat i Kwestionariuszem do badania strategii radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego (KSMK) Boreckiej-Biernat. Badania empiryczne przeprowadzono w szkołach gimnazjalnych. Objęły one 893 adolescentów (468 dziewczynek i 425 chłopców) w wieku 13-15 lat. <b>Wyniki.</b> Analiza materiału badawczego wykazała, że matka oraz ojciec postrzegani są jako stosujący w sytuacjach utrudniających dążenie do celu strategię opartą na agresji i przyczyniają się do modelowania u dziewcząt i chłopców strategii polegającej na agresywnym zachowaniu, wykorzystywanej w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego.

The Concept of Social Connection by Agnesa Zvonytska

The article considers the problems of the sociological concept of social connection by the first Ukrainian female researcher, A. Zvonytska, and establishes connections between her and modern sociological theories. It is noted that A. Zvonytska singled out three aspects of sociality, which can be conditionally called cognitive, actional, and communicative (social connection must be established by individuals consciously, and it can manifest itself in their joint activities, which must be coordinated). A. Zvonytska considers three moments in the process of establishing a social connection: 1) the moment of acquisition by an individual of knowledge and properties from the surrounding psychological environment, or the projective moment, 2) the refraction of this acquired knowledge and properties in personal consciousness, or the subjective moment; 3) the assumption of the existence of these subjectively refracted properties in the surrounding personalities as well, or the aective moment. The negative consequences of breaking social ties in a situation of social conflict or social crisis are analyzed. The content of the regularities regarding the course of social conflicts formulated by A. Zvonytska is studied: 1) the deeper the social connection and closer relations in a social group, the sharper and stronger the social crisis occurs in it; 2) the stronger and more frequent the violation of norms that are imperative in the eyes of each conflict side, the stronger the indignation grows; 3) in the situation of the post-conflict state of society, hatred is replaced by social fatigue and a state of depression and apathy. It is emphasized that, according to A. Zvonytska, sympathy plays a significant role in the restoration of social connection. The social connection deepens sympathy, which in turn deepens social connection. It was concluded that sympathy becomes a social factor of cohesion of social groups and is the result of awareness of the similarity of the subjective experience of individuals.

Cognitive Evaluation of Conflict and Emotional Dimension of Adolescents’ Strategies for Coping With Social Conflict

The aim of the research was to cognitively appraise a conflict and provide an emotional reflection on the significance of the situation in triggering destructive and constructive coping strategies used by adolescents in a social conflict situation. The study used the Stress Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) by Włodarczyk and Wrześniewski, the Three-Factor Inventory of Personality States and Traits (TIPST) by Spielberger and Wrześniewski and the Questionnaire to study adolescents’ strategies of coping in a situation of social conflict (KSMK) by Borecka-Biernat. Empirical research was conducted in secondary schools and included 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13–15 years. Analysis of the research results shows that the situational appraisal of a conflict as a threat or the dispositional appraisal of a conflict as a harm/loss, as well as reacting to it with anger or fear, perceived as a temporary emotional state and as a learnt behavioural disposition, co-occurs with the tendency to react destructively to a conflict in adolescents.The research has also shown that an adolescent facing a conflict situation—but not appraising the situation dispositionally as a threat/loss and reacting to it with a learnt behavioural disposition to react with curiosity—will apply a constructive strategy to cope with the situation.

A Study on the Practice of Art Class as Peace and Unification Education Focusing on DMZ Art Peace Project

본 연구는 평화·통일교육으로서의 미술 수업 실천 가능성 탐색과 시사점 도출을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 교육과정 주변부에 머물고 있던 평화·통일교육을 중학생을 대상으로 한 프로젝트 기반 미술 수업으로 재구성하였다. 학생들은 창작, 토론, 발표 등을 통해 ‘비평화적 요소’를 인식하고, 예술적으로 사유하는 경험을 하였다. 연구 결과, 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 프로젝트 미술 수업 과정을 통해 학생들은 자기 안의 ‘혐오’, ‘갈등’, ‘편견’을 마주하고, 타인의 감정과 상황을 공감하게 되었 다. 둘째, 사회적 문제와 갈등 상황에 대해 비판적으로 성찰하게 되었다. 셋째, 평화의 의미와 가치를 재고하고 실천해나가고자 하는 평화 역량을 증진시켰다. 본 연구는 평화·통일교육으로의 전환 이후, 교육과정 내 교수·학습 자료가 부족한 상황에서 평화·통일교육의 미술 수업을 실천하였다는데 의미가 있으며, 평화교육적 관점에서 삶과 밀접한 학습자 중심의 수업을 제시 하였다는 점에 의의가 있다.The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of practicing art classes as an education for peace and unification and to draw implications. For this purpose, peace and unification education, which had stayed in the periphery of the curriculum, was reorganized into project-based art classes targeting middle school students. Students recognized the non-peaceful element through creation, discussion, and presentation, and experienced artistic thinking. As a result of the study, the implications are as follows. First, through the project art class, students faced ‘hate’, ‘conflict’, and ‘prejudice’ within themselves and came to empathize with the feelings and situations of others. Second, Students became critically reflective about social problems and conflict situations. Third, it improved the peace capacity to reconsider and practice the meaning and value of peace. After the transition to peace and unification education, it is meaningful that art classes of peace and unification education were practiced in the absence of teaching and learning materials in the curriculum.

Early Adolescents' Social Goals in Peer Conflict Situations: A Mixed Methods Study.

Identification of goals is a key social-cognitive process that guides whether adolescents engage in aggressive or nonviolent behavior during social conflicts. This study investigated early adolescents' goals in response to hypothetical social conflict situations involving close friends and peers. Participants (n = 160; Mage = 12.7, 53% female) were 7th graders from two urban and one rural middle school. On average, participants identified 2.5 goals for each situation. Qualitative analysis using a grounded theory approach identified nine themes representing the goals generated by participants: instrumental-control, relationship maintenance, maintain image and reputation/self-defense, conflict avoidance, seek more information, revenge, tension reduction, moral, and stay out of trouble. Quantitative analysis indicated that female participants identified more goals than male participants, but there were few differences in their types of goals. There were few differences across school sites. The findings highlight the variety of social goals specific to the developmental period of early adolescence.

Avoidant Coping Strategies in Adolescents in Situations of Social Conflict: An Attempt to Identify Personality Indicators

The study aimed to determine the personality indicators of the avoidant coping strategy in adolescent youth in situations of social conflict. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (adapted by I. Dzwonkowska, K. Lachowicz-Tabaczek, and M. Łaguna), the Stress Assessment Questionnaire (Kwestionariusz Oceny Stresu, KOS) designed by D. Włodarczyk and K. Wrześniewski, and Questionnaire for Coping Strategies in Adolescents in Situations of Social Conflict (Kwestionariusz do badania strategii radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego) created by Borecka-Biernat (2012). The empirical research was conducted in middle schools on 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13 to 15. An analysis of the research results indicates that a young person’s low assessment of own abilities and the assessment of a situation of conflict as a threat or harm/loss co-occur with the avoidant coping strategy in situations of social conflict.

La Ley General de Educación en la memoria: del reconocimiento a la negación

The aim of this paper is to analyze the process of the drawing up of the General Education Act (LGE), created under the Franco regime and implemented a few years before the Spanish transition. In order to do so, we pay special attention to the socio-economic moment in which the law was projected and to the different political tendencies that were emerging in the scenario of dictatorship and that would become more visible in the transition. The paper also examines the individual and collective experiences and strategies of other sectors of the population, showing how they swung from recognition to denial of the LGE. The law’s implementation was the result of a critical diagnosis of the education system that implied a need for decisive change in the situation of education, a change that could be achieved by setting legal conditions for the normalization of universal education in Spain. The starting point was the belief that improving education would lead to the socio-economic development of the country while at the same time resolving the situation of ideological, political and social conflict that persisted under the dictatorship and that would be solved, in part, after 1978.

Strategy of avoidance coping with a social conflict situation by adolescents – family implications

The goal of the study was to assess parental attitudes and the model of parents’ responses to a social conflict situation in generating an avoidance coping strategy by adolescents. The Parental Attitudes Scale (SPR) by Mieczysław Plopa, the Questionnaire on parents’ strategies for coping with a social conflict situation (KSRwSK) by Danuta Borecka-Biernat, and the Questionnaire to study adolescents’ strategies for coping with a social conflict situation (KSMK) by Danuta Borecka-Biernat were used. The study was carried out in junior high schools. It covered 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) at the of age of 13–15. Data analysis showed that among family conditions of the adolescents’ avoidant reacting to the emotional tension arising in a conflict situation, incorrect upbringing attitudes of parents towards adolescent children and providing a parental model of avoidance coping with a social conflict situation had a significant influence.

The Judicialisation of the Social License to Operate: Criteria for International Investment Law

Abstract The Social License to Operate (SLO) is a non-legal term which has been widely conceptualised as meaning a particular set of interactions between investors and affected communities. Within the international investment law field, even though tribunals previously analysed situations of social conflict, the wording SLO had never been considered by an investment tribunal until Bear Creek Mining Corporation v Republic of Peru. This article argues that if the SLO of the investment is involved in a dispute, tribunals should thoroughly analyse the relationship between the investor and the affected community and establish (judicialise) a standard of review for the investor’s conduct which should only include those aspects of the relationship that might be considered as affecting or forming part of the national public interest. In addition, this article puts forth the criteria for the judicialisation of the SLO in investment disputes, drawing upon the Bear Creek scenario as relevant background.

Self-Esteem and Strategies for Coping with a Social Conflict Situation Preferred by Adolescents

The purpose of the study was to find out relationships between the level of self-esteem and the occurrence of destructive (aggression, avoidance, submission) and constructive (taskoriented) strategies for coping with a social conflict situation by adolescents. The study used M. Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (SES) adapted by M. Łaguna, K. Lachowicz-Tabaczek and I. Dwonkowska as well as the Questionnaire to study strategies for coping with a social conflict situation by adolescents (KSMK) by D. Borecka-Biernat. The empirical research was carried out in junior high schools in Wroclaw (and neighbouring towns). They included893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13–15. The analysis of research results indicates that a lower assessment of a young person’s own abilities coexists with a tendencyto react destructively to a conflict. The study also showed that adolescents with a higher self-esteem who find themselves in a conflict situation will take advantage of a constructive strategy to deal with this situation. The research results regarding the personality premise of the strategy for coping with a social conflict situation by youth have practical significance. It is particularly worth paying attention to it in the course of upbringing and education of adolescents in order to shape their ability of effective and ethical coping with conflict situations.

How to Solve the Social Norm Conflict Dilemma of Green Consumption: The Moderating Effect of Self-Affirmation.

Social norms are important social factors that affect individual behavioral change. Using social norms to promote green consumption is receiving increasing attention. However, due to the different formation processes and mechanisms of the behavioral influence of the different types of social norms, using social norms to promote green consumption often has social norm conflict situations (injunctive norms + negative descriptive norms). Thus, it is difficult to attain the maximum utility of social norms. The present research found that social norm conflict weakens the role of injunctive norms in promoting green consumption. Specifically, negative descriptive norms weaken the role of injunctive norms in promoting green consumption. Alienation, which manifests through powerlessness and meaninglessness, plays a mediating role in the relationship between social norm conflict and green consumption. Self-affirmation moderates the mediating role of alienation between social norm conflicts and green consumption. Self-affirmation reduces the alienation caused by social norm conflict, thereby alleviating the weakening effect of social norm conflict on green consumption.