Monitoring Of Situation Research Articles

Artificial Intelligence in After-school Education (on the Example of Tourism and Local Studies Institutions).

The article is devoted to the problem of using artificial intelligence in the activities of after-school educational institutions of tourism and local studies. The possible directions of using artificial intelligence specifically in the educational process of study groups, in the organizational and managerial activities of after-school educational institutions, in the organization and arrangement of mass events are identified. Specific forms of using artificial intelligence in after-school tourism and local studies education institutions are highlighted to ensure the safety of events, prepare tourist trips, hikes, excursions, and organize the work of tourist route and qualification commissions. Based on a educators' survey of after-school education institutions of Ukraine using Google forms, the level of use of information and communication technologies and artificial intelligence by pedagogical staff of after-school education institutions of tourism and local studies is determined. The level of understanding by teachers of the concept of “artificial intelligence” and ways of its use in educational activities in after-school education is determined. The technologies of artificial intelligence used by educators, the directions of using artificial intelligence (search for necessary information, creation of text, graphic and test educational materials, creation of news and advertising materials, monitoring of the security situation) are determined. The organizational, methodological and technical problems that, in the opinion of educators, hinder the use of artificial intelligence technologies, ways for educators to acquire competencies in the use of artificial intelligence technologies are highlighted. It has been established that the main source of educators' acquisition of competencies in artificial intelligence is self-education.

SEISMICITY of the CRIMEAN-BLACK SEA REGION in 2020

In 2020, the monitoring of the seismic situation in the Crimean-Black Sea region was carried out by a network of nine digital seismic stations located on the Crimean Peninsula. The catalog includes infor mation on 88 events with energy classes Kп=4.4–11.3. An updated map of the energy representativeness Kmin of earthquakes with an increased area within the isolines Kmin=7–8 is presented. The restored observations at the Kerch station increased the sensitivity of the network in the eastern part of the region. The existing network of stations provides without gaps the registration of earthquakes with a magnitude of M≥4.0, and for the main seismic zones: Sevastopol, Yalta, Alushta, Sudak, Kerch Peninsula – with a magnitude of M≥3.0. On the basis of the information obtained, a catalog of earthquakes with the main kinematic and dynamic parameters was compiled, an analysis was carried out and the features of seismicity of individual regions of the region were indicated. A detailed description of the seismic situation in various districts of the region is given. The period under consid eration is characterized by moderate seismic activity in the region, which is below the long-term average. The greatest activation of seismic processes was observed in 2020 in the Kerch-Anapa and Northwestern areas. In the Kerch-Anapa area, two tangible earthquakes with a maximum observed intensity of I=4–5 occurred in five settle ments on the coast of the Caucasus. An earthquake of the maximum energy class Kп=11.3, moment magnitude Mw=4.03 was realized on March 15, at 05h36m. The released seismic energy in the Northwestern area in 2020 significantly exceeded the 10-year average. Solutions of focal mechanisms were obtained for the 2 strongest earth quakes.

MmECare: Enabling Fine-grained Vital Sign Monitoring for Emergency Care with Handheld MmWave Radars

Fine-grained vital sign monitoring in emergency care is crucial for accurately assessing patient conditions, predicting disease progression, and formulating effective rescue plans. In non-hospital settings, limited equipment often necessitates manual observation of respiration and heartbeat, which can lead to significant errors. Contactless monitoring using wireless signals offers a promising alternative. Unlike traditional systems that require stationary devices for contactless sensing, handheld devices are more practical for rescuers during emergency care. However, sensing performance can be severely compromised by involuntary hand movements. Previous research has achieved respiration monitoring with handheld devices, but the randomness of hand motion still prevents reliable heartbeat monitoring. In this paper, we first demonstrate that the key to mitigating the effects of device motion lies in accurately estimating the motion direction. We then introduce a novel method that uses two static objects, i.e., corner reflectors, to precisely estimate the random motion direction of the device. These reflectors can be quickly and easily deployed by the rescuer before initiating vital sign monitoring, enabling a more thorough elimination of device motion effects. Comprehensive experiments validate the effectiveness of our solution using mmWave radar. Real-world tests demonstrate that our system can accurately monitor both respiration and heartbeat with handheld devices, significantly enhancing emergency medical response by improving the accuracy and feasibility of vital sign monitoring in urgent situations.

Management of Fusarium Wilt of Lettuce

Abstract In recent years, Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, has become the most important lettuce disease throughout the world. Since the pathogen is seed-transmitted, the disease spreads through infected seeds, favoured by the global commerce. We describe the biology and epidemiology of the pathogen, as well as the differentiation of four physiological races, with their distribution in different geographical areas. The reaction of the lettuce types and varieties to the pathogen are also described, as well as the diagnostic tools available for an appropriate detection of the pathogen, including the races. Like other soil-borne diseases, Fusarium wilt of lettuce is difficult to manage with a single product and/or with a single approach. At present, minimizing crop losses due to Fusarium wilt on lettuce entails the deployment of all available existing disease control tools within an integrated management programme. The first preventative strategy is the use of healthy seeds. Stock seeds should be produced in the areas associated with the lowest disease risk and subjected to standardized health analysis. Furthermore, seeds should be treated with chemical/physical or biological treatments. Among chemical tools, soil disinfestation is becoming very difficult due to the loss of registered fumigants. A careful monitoring of the race situation in the field would be useful for efficient use of genetic means of control. The seed industry is investing in the search of new varieties resistant to Fusarium wilt. Looking forward, the development of commercially acceptable cultivars of desired types of lettuce with high levels of resistance to Fusarium wilt as well as refinement of existing or development of new cultural, chemical and biofungicide tools should lead to more efficient and effective disease management. Information © The Authors 2024

Breeding success of the interspecies hybrids: Reduced fertility in the hybridogeneous magpie population (<i>Pica pica</i> × <i>Pica serica</i>, Aves)

Data on the breeding success of hybrids, collected during direct field observations, are principally important for understanding nature of the species isolating factors and future fate of the hybridogeneous populations. In the zone of secondary contact between Eurasian magpie Pica pica and Oriental magpie Pica serica, emerging right now, limited hybridization occurs, what has been shown in our reported data on nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). In the present work, we have analyzed composition of 119 nesting pairs and content of 89 nests in the hybridogeneous population of P. pica leucoptera × P. serica jankowskii in Eastern Mongolia, then in the recent contact zone in Eastern Transbaikalia (South Siberia) and the relatively pure populations of P. p. leucoptera in Central Transbaikalia and P. s. jankowskii in Northeast China. In the hybridogeneous population of Mongolia, significantly increased portion of nonviable clutches with all dead eggs was recorded, as well as a portion of partly dead clutches, compared with the data on the pure population of Central Transbaikalia. The egg mortality was found to be much less dramatic in the population of the Eastern Transbaikalia, where hybridization is less pronounced than in Mongolia. Several possible mechanisms of genetic incompatibilities breaking the reproductive barriers are discussed. The future fate of this magpie contact zone is considered, taking in account selection against hybridization which was revealed in this study. Among possible scenarios, reinforcement of prezygotic isolation may occur, i. e., in the species-specific calls. It is possible that a kind of mosaic hybrid zone with some features of tension zone will appear. Monitoring of the unique situation with the emerging zone of contact and hybridization of two young magpie species is needed, as a necessary addition to genomic studies.

Assessment of humoral immunity to the measles virus in healthcare workers

BACKGROUND: measles is an anthroponotic viral disease characterized by high contagiousness. In the early 2000s in the Russian Federation, the infection was on the verge of elimination, but outbreaks in 2003, 2014, 2019 and the rise in incidence since 2022 refutes this situation. Cleanup vaccination of risk groups and revaccination of persons vaccinated once are ongoing. It is relevant to determine antibodies in blood serum in the vaccinated population and in persons with an unknown vaccination and post-infection history. AIM: of the study is to present the results of a study of humoral immunity to the measles virus in healthcare workers vaccinated against measles and with an unknown vaccination and post-infectious history. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the study was conducted in Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan. The study involved employees of a skin and venereal disease clinic, children's clinics, and a blood center in the amount of 133 people (including 2 men), who were vaccinated and revaccinated with live measles vaccine, after which a sufficient amount of time had passed for the formation of an immune response - 3-4 weeks, as well as 40 female employees with an unknown vaccination and post-infection history. Specific IgG to the measles virus was determined in the test blood sera using the enzyme immunoassay method using the Vector-Best kit (Novosibirsk, Russia). Statistical analysis was carried out using the StatTech v.4.1.9 program (developed by Stattech LLC, Russia). RESULTS. The study was conducted in Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan. The study involved employees of a skin and venereal disease clinic, children's clinics, and a blood center in the amount of 133 people (including 2 men), who were vaccinated and revaccinated with live measles vaccine, after which a sufficient amount of time had passed for the formation of an immune response - 3-4 weeks, as well as 40 female employees with an unknown vaccination and post-infection history. Specific IgG to the measles virus was determined in the test blood sera using the enzyme immunoassay method using the Vector-Best kit (Novosibirsk, Russia). Statistical analysis was carried out using the StatTech v.4.1.9 program (developed by Stattech LLC, Russia). CONCLUSIONS. The ongoing outbreaks of measles in 2003, 2014, 2019, 2022-2023 require constant monitoring of the epidemiological situation with the study of the post-vaccination immune response in vaccinated people and the post-infection response in people with an unknown history of measles

Real-Time Monitoring of Visitor Carrying Capacity in Crowded Historic Streets Through Digital Technologies

This paper addresses methodological issues related to the identification and monitoring of visitor overcrowding and congestion situations in historic centres. Once the visitor carrying capacity was estimated for public spaces, taking into consideration the standards of quality and comfort for visitor experience and those related to the desired conditions for heritage assets’ conservation, digital real-time monitoring tools were implemented in an experimental urban area in Valencia, Spain, in order to know, through the establishment of proxemic triggers, when the standards were violated (or may soon be violated); then, the carrying capacity was exceeded, and management actions may be required. The results show that these digital monitoring tools are very efficient and accurate in micro-scale public spaces, user-friendly and affordably priced.

Quasi-real-time earthquake relocation and monitoring in the northeastern Noto Peninsula

The seismicity rate markedly increased in the northeastern Noto Peninsula of Ishikawa Prefecture around the end of 2020, with an Mw6.2 event on 5 May, 2023, followed by many aftershocks. Previous earthquake relocation studies have detected upward migration of microearthquakes via multiple faults and clusters, suggesting the involvement of crustal fluids in this sequence. Since some active faults exist near the source region, there was concern that this sequence could lead to a larger earthquake; it became a reality with the Mw7.5 earthquake on 1 January 2024. This study aims to develop an algorithm to precisely relocate microearthquake hypocenters in quasi-real time for better monitoring. A fine view of seismicity requires relative relocation methods such as the double-difference (DD) method with numerous arrival time difference data precisely measured by the waveform correlation analysis. However, the standard DD method has the disadvantage of huge computational costs when data increase, making it unsuitable for real-time monitoring in such situations. We developed a quasi-real-time algorithm that relocates only new earthquakes using the DD method each time a new time window of data is added. The major improvement is that our method incorporates a traditional simple relative relocation and preserves constraints between different time windows; the relative locations of new events are constrained from reference events that were already relocated in the previous time windows. We tested a daily relocation algorithm on 11,546 events from 19 June, 2022, to 31 May, 2023, in the Noto Peninsula earthquake sequence. We found that our modification substantially reduced artificial hypocenter offsets between different time windows and succeeded in resolving the fine fault structures from the cloud-like distribution of initial hypocenters. If we do not impose constraints between different windows, the relocated hypocenters are scattered and do not show fine planar structures. Our algorithm greatly reduces the computational cost, allowing for quasi-real-time earthquake relocation and monitoring. We hope this algorithm will help monitor the spatio-temporal distribution of future earthquake sequences.Graphical

Better data for budgetary surveillance: EU law on statistics as key to unlocking the potential of public sector accounting

The quality of the data available for monitoring budgetary discipline of the Member States has been a hot topic within the European Union (EU) institutions and in the literature ever since the beginning of the economic crisis in 2008. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the inadequacy, not only of the data, but also of the policy instruments available for coordinating efforts and decision-making. In this paper, we attempt to unlock the potential of public sector accounting (PSA) for contributing to the improvement of EU surveillance mechanisms. We look beyond the idea of standardised accounting rules for the entire EU public sector (European Public Sector Accounting Standards) into a less controversial area of EU competence, and we explore the conditions for introducing reporting obligations based on PSA data as part of EU law on statistics. Points for practitioners The current succession of crises might create momentum for a change in EU fiscal policy-making. New instruments for the monitoring of the budgetary situation in the Member States could become necessary. The EU institutions cannot impose the European Public Sector Accounting Standards. However, a new standardised reporting instrument could become binding EU law if it would come in the shape of a statistical methodology. Basic principles of EU law guarantee that any new statistical reporting obligations are limited to what is necessary, proportionate and cost-effective.

Traffic Engineering with Specified Quality of Service Parameters in Software-defined Networks

A method of traffic engineering (TE) based on the method of multi-path routing is proposed in the study. Today, one of the main challenges in networking is to organize an efficient TE system that will provide such parameters of quality of service (QoS) as the allowable value of packet loss and time for traffic re-routing. Traditional one-way routing facilities do not provide the required quality of service (QoS) parameters for TE. Modern computer networks use static and dynamic routing algorithms, which are characterized by big time complexity and a large amount of service information. This negatively affects the overall state of the network, namely: leads to network congestion, device failure, loss of information during routing and increases the time for traffic re-routing. Research has shown that the most promising way to solve the TE problem in computer networks is a comprehensive approach, which consists of multi-path routing, SDN technology and monitoring of the overall situation of the network. This paper proposes a method of traffic engineering in a software-defined network with specified quality of service parameters, which has reduced the time of traffic re-routing and the percentage of packet loss due to the combination of the centralized TE method and multi-path routing. From a practical point of view, the obtained method, will improve the quality of service in computer networks in comparison with the known method of traffic construction.

An Approach to a Priori Assessment of Fuzzy Classification Models in Monitoring Tasks

The article addresses the problems of using automation tools to perform monitoring and management tasks applicable to assessing the quality of fuzzy classification models, where the classification procedure is implemented on the basis of knowledge (rules) in the absence of the training set. An approach is proposed to obtain a priori assessments of the classification quality based on the study of the used model sensitivity to changes in the values of internal parameters during the corresponding modeling. The interpretation of the modeling results in the form of risk assessment caused by the self-imperfection of the classification models is obtained. The article provides an example of a fuzzy classification model based on a comparison of the current state of a monitoring object described using fuzzy features with a set of predefined typical states, which form corresponding fuzzy equal (close) states (monitoring situations). The comparison is carried out using the fuzzy implication operation provided that the required reliability is met. The example of this model demonstrates how the type of implication operation, as well as the internal features of the model, affect the results of classification, and appropriate indicators are proposed, which are both an interpretation of generally accepted indicators for assessing the classification quality, and unique, inherent in the considered model. Computational experiments were carried out, which made it possible to obtain graphs of changes in classification quality assessment indicators for the considered model and its modification and visualize the influence of internal parameters of the model on the results of its application. A number of indicators are proposed that allow for an a priori assessment of the risks arising from the application of the model before its actual application.

Infectious diseases of bees and their impact on the vital activity and honey productivity of honey bee colonies in Ukraine

The article presents the results of the study of the mass mortality of honey bee colonies in different apiaries from different regions of Ukraine. The epizootic status of 102 honey bee colonies was studied and 607 samples of pathological material were analyzed in 2021–2023. According to the results of the monitoring of the epizootic situation in Ukrainian beekeeping it was found that the share of parasitic diseases (54.4%, 74.0%, 69.3%) constantly prevails over infectious diseases. It was noted that the incidence of varroosis in honey bees (34.4%, 71.4%, 41.47%) remains the highest among other diseases. Against the background of severe damage to honey bee colonies by the Varroa mite, infectious diseases began to appear in an atypical form, which significantly complicates their differential diagnosis. A probable increase in the incidence of nosemosis in adult bees and the detection of Nosema cysts in the intestines of bees, both in spring and summer, and the detection of cysts in honey indicate the spread of another pathogen, Nosema cerana, which causes nosemosis in the summer season. The reason for the periodic mass death of bees in Ukraine is the combination of a high number of parasitic Varroa mites in the honey bee colony with the presence of bee infection with microsporidia Nosema spp. These pathogens negatively affect the immunity of the honey bee colony, and cause exacerbation of latent infections in bees, which leads to a decrease in the number of honey bee colonies, weakening their viability and reducing the quality of honey products

Radiological monitoring and assessment of the radiation situation in the Kungur Ice Cave

This article presents the results of comprehensive radiological studies conducted in 2021 in order to assess the radiation situation in the Kungur Ice Cave (hereinafter referred to as the KIC). Since the cave is a fairly popular sightseeing object, therefore, the safety of both tourists and workers is a key task for scientific study. The radiation safety assessment was carried out taking into account the parameters of the radiation (gamma) background, measurements of radon and thoron concentrations, microclimatic indicators (air temperature, humidity), airflow rate, illumination and calculation of the indicator of a special assessment of working conditions (SAWC). Such comprehensive and detailed studies were conducted in the KIC for the first time, allowing some patterns to be identified and confirmed. For the indicators of gamma-activity and radon concentration, there is a clear dependence on the season of the year, which is directly related to microclimatic indicators, as well as to compliance with the ventilation regulations that have been established in the cave. The applied ventilation modes provide safe values of the radiation background and toron. In the summer months, the average radon content in the cave exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations by a factor of 7, which required calculation of the time of work in the cave. For the first time, special assessment of working conditions has been calculated for Kungur Ice Cave, but only for the winter period. The SAWC is defined for a working group consisting of engineers, workers and guides, taking into account such parameters as temperature, illumination, humidity, severity and intensity of labor and ionizing radiation (radiation background). According to preliminary data, the overall assessment of labor based on all parameters falls under the “harmful” class of conditions.

Изменения климата и лесные пожары как факторы риска здоровью (аналитический обзор)

Climate change in Russia contributes to an increase in the number of forest fires, especially in Siberia and the Far East, leading to the rise in the forest fire danger index. Increased air pollution, which is typical for a number of cities in these regions, is the reason for changes in population health due to the influx of significant volumes of smoke gases from forest fires into populated areas. Smoke from forest fires, consists of aerosols and gases and contains more than 40 pollutants. During fires, frequency of calls for emergency medical care for children tends to increase due to exacerbation of upper respiratory tract diseases, including laryngitis, pharyngitis and acute respiratory infections, as well as attacks of bronchial asthma, and longer exacerbation periods of this disease. Such respiratory dysfunctions appear a few days after fires, which should be taken into account when organizing health monitoring in such situations. Among adult population, an increase in the number of deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases has been proven during forest fires, and there tends to be an increase in the number of requests for medical care for COPD, bronchial asthma, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease and other diseases. Fires in forest highlands in the Khabarovsk Krai result in deteriorating health of patients with neurological diseases. The generalization of the results obtained by domestic and foreign studies on this issue confirms the need to improve the air pollution monitoring system during forest fires with the determination of PM for timely preventive measures by health systems, Rospotrebnadzor, FMBA and other agencies. It also seems necessary to develop modeling of pollutant spread in ambient air in settlements exposed to them, with assessments of population health risks and development of preventive measures. Given the relevance of these studies, it is advisable to hold seminars with BRICS countries within the framework of international cooperation.

Climate change and forest fires as health risk factors (Analytical review)

Climate change in Russia contributes to an increase in the number of forest fires, especially in Siberia and the Far East, leading to the rise in the forest fire danger index. Increased air pollution, which is typical for a number of cities in these regions, is the reason for changes in population health due to the influx of significant volumes of smoke gases from forest fires into populated areas. Smoke from forest fires, consists of aerosols and gases and contains more than 40 pollutants. During fires, frequency of calls for emergency medical care for children tends to increase due to exacerbation of upper respiratory tract diseases, including laryngitis, pharyngitis and acute respiratory infections, as well as attacks of bronchial asthma, and longer exacerbation periods of this disease. Such respiratory dysfunctions appear a few days after fires, which should be taken into account when organizing health monitoring in such situations. Among adult population, an increase in the number of deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases has been proven during forest fires, and there tends to be an increase in the number of requests for medical care for COPD, bronchial asthma, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease and other diseases. Fires in forest highlands in the Khabarovsk Krai result in deteriorating health of patients with neurological diseases. The generalization of the results obtained by domestic and foreign studies on this issue confirms the need to improve the air pollution monitoring system during forest fires with the determination of PM for timely preventive measures by health systems, Rospotrebnadzor, FMBA and other agencies. It also seems necessary to develop modeling of pollutant spread in ambient air in settlements exposed to them, with assessments of population health risks and development of preventive measures. Given the relevance of these studies, it is advisable to hold seminars with BRICS countries within the framework of international cooperation.

A Review of Multi-UAV Task Allocation Algorithms for a Search and Rescue Scenario

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play a crucial role in enhancing search and rescue (SAR) operations by accessing inaccessible areas, accomplishing challenging tasks, and providing real-time monitoring and modeling in situations where human presence is unsafe. Multi-UAVs can collaborate more efficiently and cost-effectively than a single large UAV for performing SAR operations. In multi-UAV systems, task allocation (TA) is a critical and complex process involving cooperative decision making and control to minimize the time and energy consumption of UAVs for task completion. This paper offers an exhaustive review of both static and dynamic TA algorithms, confidently assessing their strengths, weaknesses, and limitations. It provides valuable insights into addressing research questions related to specific UAV operations in SAR. The paper rigorously discusses outstanding issues and challenges and confidently presents potential directions for the future development of task assignment algorithms. Finally, it confidently highlights the challenges of multi-UAV dynamic TA methods for SAR. This work is crucial for gaining a comprehensive understanding of multi-UAV dynamic TA algorithms and confidently emphasizes critical open issues and research gaps for future SAR research and development, ensuring that readers feel informed and knowledgeable.

Fault diagnosis of complex industrial equipment based on chunked statistical global-local feature fusion

Abstract Industrial process equipment is bulky and complex in structure, which is easy to produce faults during operation and affect production efficiency, cause huge economic losses, and even threaten the safety of workers. To achieve sustainable operation of large-scale industrial processes, timely and accurate monitoring and handling of abnormal situations are essential. However, fault monitoring of large equipment requires the collection of abundant data, which includes many complex related variables, resulting in excessive redundant data generated during the fault monitoring process. Moreover, the existing principal component analysis (PCA) method can only retain the global characteristic of variance information, and cannot obtain the local characteristic that can characterize the topological relationship between the data points, which affects its monitoring reliability and intelligence level. In response to these issues, a fault diagnosis model for complex industrial processes based on chunked statistical global-local feature fusion (CSGLFF) is proposed in this paper. First, considering the correlation characteristics between industrial process variables, a correlation variable chunking method mutual information-based is designed to merge the variables with small correlation to obtain the optimal chunking of variables. Second, PCA and locality preserving projections (LPP) are combined to construct a global-local feature fusion (GLFF) model that can extract global and local features simultaneously. The chunked data are imported into the GLFF for the extraction of its features respectively, and the corresponding CSGLFF is established. In addition, Bayesian inference is used to fuse the statistics of each sub-chunk to establish an overall fault monitoring statistical indicators, and the reason for failure is found through the variable contribution graph. Finally, two cases of Tennessee Eastman process (TEP) and laboratory emulsion pump were used to conduct experimental research on the performance of CSGLFF. The results show that compared with the chunked statistical PCA, chunked statistical LPP, and GLFF algorithms, The accuracy of fault monitoring for TEP mean, flow pulsation impact, and pressure anomaly of this method reached 92.91%, 97%, and 90.30%, respectively. It has good monitoring effect in processing data with large variables, reducing the generation of redundant data, improving the accuracy of industrial monitoring, and accurately identifying the relevant variables of fault occurrence. This provides a theoretical basis for determining the fault location and points out the direction for maintenance by staff.

Wearable electronic device for X-ray warning and health monitoring

The well-developed multifunctional wearable electronic device has fed the demand for human medicine and health monitoring in complex situations. However, the advancement of nuclear technology, especially irradiation medicine and safety inspections, has increased the exposure risk of irradiation safety workers. Traditional irradiation detectors are stiff and incompatible with the skin, and lack human health monitoring function, thus it’s vital to apply these flexible sensors for irradiation warning. Here, we report a novel composite gel device synthesized through solution processes by combining the Cs3Cu2I5:Zn nano-scintillator with the pre-patterned biocompatible gel, exhibiting a bi-functional response to motion/vibration sensing and sensitive irradiation warning. These wearable devices achieve a pressure sensitivity of up to 34 kPa−1 in a low-pressure range (0–3 kPa), a low limit of detection (LoD) down to 1.4 Pa, enabling health monitoring functions of pulse monitoring, finger bending, and elbow bending. Simultaneously, the device scintillates under X-ray irradiation among a wide dose rate range of 54–1167 μGyair s−1. The robust device shows no obvious signal loss after 4000 compression cycles and also excellent irradiation resistance over 50 days, broadening the path for designing and realizing new functional wearable devices.

Monitoring of the epizootic situation in some natural focal zoonoses

Monitoring of the epizootic situation in some natural focal zoonoses

Americanisation: The deterioration of British English

The study of the influence of American English on British English is necessary to understand both the short-term and long-term prospects for the development of global English in the world and the linguistic changes associated with the world’s national languages. The purpose of study was to examine the key differences in vocabulary, grammar, orthoepy, and spelling between American English and British English. The principal methods used in the study were comparative, analytical, synthetic, and statistical analysis, as well as elements of lexical, grammatical, orthoepic, and spelling analysis. The study examined the use of English in education in the context of the linguistic landscape of Europe, specifically Poland. Considering the statistical data, it was concluded that the americanization of the English-speaking space continues and leads to a gradual simplification of grammatical orthographic and orthoepic patterns of British English. Globalization and technological advancements today present two possible scenarios for the development of English: linguistic convergence between British and American English or complete separation of these varieties. The study noted that the influence of American English on the educational environment in Poland is high, but the study of the global language is based on British standards. In the long run, the impact of americanization will increase not only on British English, but also on national languages, which may lead to the spread of pidgin (American-Polish). This study can be used in the research of linguistic patterns in historical dynamics, Americanized regional varieties of English, and monitoring of the linguistic situation in the world