Sites In Korea Research Articles

Field application of modified in situ soil flushing in combination with air sparging at a military site polluted by diesel and gasoline in Korea.

In this study the full-scale operation of soil flushing with air sparging to improve the removal efficiency of petroleum at depths of less than 7 m at a military site in Korea was evaluated. The target area was polluted by multiple gasoline and diesel fuel sources. The soil was composed of heterogeneous layers of granules, sand, silt and clay. The operation factors were systemically assessed using a column test and a pilot study before running the full-scale process at the site. The discharged TPH and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) concentrations in the water were highest at 20 min and at a rate of 350 L/min, which was selected as the volume of air for the full-scale operation in the pilot air sparging test. The surfactant-aid condition was 1.4 times more efficient than the non-surfactant condition in the serial operations of modified soil flushing followed by air sparging. The hydraulic conductivity (3.13 × 10−3 cm/s) increased 4.7 times after the serial operation of both processes relative to the existing condition (6.61 × 10−4 cm/s). The removal efficiencies of TPH were 52.8%, 57.4%, and 61.8% for the soil layers at 6 to 7, 7 to 8 and 8 to 9 m, respectively. Therefore, the TPH removal was improved at depth of less than 7 m by using this modified remediation system. The removal efficiencies for the areas with TPH and BTEX concentrations of more than 500 and 80 mg/kg, were 55.5% and 92.9%, respectively, at a pore volume of 2.9. The total TPH and BTEX mass removed during the full-scale operation was 5109 and 752 kg, respectively.

Chemical extractability of As and Pb from soils across long-term abandoned metallic mine sites in Korea and their phytoavailability assessed by Brassica juncea.

The chemical extractability of As and Pb (by 5 mM CaCl2, 0.1 M HCl, 0.05 M NH4 (H2PO4), and aqua regia) from soils and their phytoavailability (by Brassica juncea) were assessed using 16 soil samples collected as a function of distance from mine pits across three long-term abandoned metallic mine sites. The total concentrations of As and Pb (17-41,000 and 27-10,047 mg kg(-1), respectively) decreased with increasing separation distance from the mine pits along a declining slope. However, the percentage of chemically leachable As and Pb mass (e.g., by 5 mM CaCl2, 0.1 M HCl, or 0.05 M NH4(H2PO4)) relative to total mass (e.g., by aqua regia) tended to increase exponentially with distance, indicating more chemically labile fractions present in less contaminated downgradient soils. Among soil components, extractable As concentrations were best described by coupling DCB-Al with other Al and Fe oxides. For Pb concentration, pH coupled to DCB-Al or Ox-Al provided a good predictive relationship. The inhibitory growth and uptake by plants were best correlated with the extractable concentrations by 5 mM CaCl2 and 0.1 M HCl. In conclusion, the chemical extractability and phytoavailability of As and Pb are highly influenced by the relative labile fraction in abandoned mine soils, and its distribution in soils is essentially correlated with sampling distance from mine pits.

A Comparative Study of Advertising Strategy Utilizing Social Network Sites in Korea and China - Focused on the Cases of Lanege and Innisfri Brands-

A Comparative Study of Advertising Strategy Utilizing Social Network Sites in Korea and China - Focused on the Cases of Lanege and Innisfri Brands-

Design and installation of floating type photovoltaic energy generation system using FRP members

In this paper, we present the result of investigations pertaining to the development of floating type photovoltaic energy generation system. For the floating structure, durable and light-weight materials such as a pultruded FRP composite material are essential. Pultruded FRP has superior mechanical properties and excellent corrosion–resistance compared with those of conventional structural materials. In the paper, we discussed the development concepts of the floating type photovoltaic energy generation system briefly. The mechanical properties of the FRP structural member used in the structural system are investigated through the tensile and shear tests. Test results are used in the finite element analysis and design of the system. Link system which is composed of pultruded FRP, used tire, and PE rope is also analyzed by the finite element method. Finally, floating type photovoltaic energy generation system is designed, fabricated, and installed successfully at the sea site in Korea. In addition, the energy production of floating PV energy generation system is measured and compared with that of land type plant. Energy productions of floating type from June to August are significantly higher, but the energy productions from September to October are lower.

다계층 이원 네트워크를 활용한 사용자 관점의 이슈 클러스터링

다계층 이원 네트워크를 활용한 사용자 관점의 이슈 클러스터링

Determination of coleopteran insects associated with spore dispersal of Cryptoporus volvatus (Polyporaceae: Basidiomycota) in Korea

The veiled polypore, Cryptoporus volvatus, is distributed widely in North America and East Asia and is believed to have a mutualistic relationship with coleopteran species—the fungus providing food and shelter in basidiocarps and beetle helping disperse spores.Seventy fresh basidiocarps of C. volvatus were collected from the Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) in the spring season of 2013 from two sites in Korea. A total of 251 insects (101 adult and 150 larvae) were collected from the inside of basidiocarps and identified using morphology and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences. Six species belonging to five coleopteran families were identified. The number of spores attached to the bodies of adult insects was counted and average spore counts for each of the six species ranged between 1.0×104 and 5.2×105 spores/individual. Across localities, three species were shared (Aethina suturalis, Trogossita japonica and Parabolitophagus felix) and carried spores at high densities on their bodies, making them more likely to aid in spore dispersal.

Possible sources of two size-resolved water-soluble organic carbon fractions at a roadway site during fall season

To examine the formation pathways of two size-resolved water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) fractions, a total of 16 sets of size-segregated aerosol samples were collected using a 10-stage Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) at a roadway site in Korea from September 29 to October 29, 2010. A XAD7HP (non-ionic aliphatic acrylic polymer) resin column was used to separate the filtered extracts into hydrophilic (WSOCHPI) and hydrophobic (WSOCHPO) WSOC fractions. Also the size distributions of water-soluble inorganic species and oxalate were examined to determine the formation pathways of size-resolved WSOCHPI and WSOCHPO fractions.The size distribution of WSOCHPI showed a dominant mode at 0.55 μm, while the WSOCHPO had dominant modes at both 0.17–0.32 μm and 0.55 μm. On the basis of the size distribution characteristics, it was found that the formation pathways of both WSOCHPI and WSOCHPO were dependent on the particle size; in the condensation mode (0.17–0.32 μm), both the WSOCHPI and WSOCHPO could be produced through atmospheric processes similar to those of SO42− and oxalate, which were derived from the gas-phase oxidations of organic compounds. In the droplet mode (0.55–1.8 μm), the cloud processing of both the organic compounds and biomass burning emissions could be a major pathway for the WSOCHPI formation. However, the droplet mode WSOCHPO was likely produced through cloud processing and heterogeneous reactions or aerosol-phase reactions. In the coarse mode (>3.1 μm), the WSOCHPI formation was more likely associated with soil-related particles (Ca(NO3)2 and CaSO4) than with sea-salt particles (NaNO3 and Na2SO4).

A Comparative Analysis of the Professional Baseball Team Mobile Site in Korea and Japan

The purpose of this research is to provide the turning point for base data and new stepping board for structuring and operation of the web-site for both countries. To accomplish such purpose, I analyzed web-sites of 12 Japanese clubs and 8 Korean clubs based on the analysis paper that consists of 6 functional aspects. As a result, in Japan, Yomiuri Giants and Sofrbank Hawks were found to provide the most information and in Korea, Kia Tigers was found to provide the most information.

Comparative Characteristics of Marketing Utilizing Mobile Social Network Sites in Korea and China - Focused on the Cases of Uniqlo Brand -

Comparative Characteristics of Marketing Utilizing Mobile Social Network Sites in Korea and China - Focused on the Cases of Uniqlo Brand -

New approach to monitor transboundary particulate pollution over Northeast Asia

Abstract. A new approach to more accurately monitor and evaluate transboundary particulate matter (PM) pollution is introduced based on aerosol optical products from Korea's Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI). The area studied is Northeast Asia (including eastern parts of China, the Korean peninsula and Japan), where GOCI has been monitoring since June 2010. The hourly multi-spectral aerosol optical data that were retrieved from GOCI sensor onboard geostationary satellite COMS (Communication, Ocean, and Meteorology Satellite) through the Yonsei aerosol retrieval algorithm were first presented and used in this study. The GOCI-retrieved aerosol optical data are integrated with estimated aerosol distributions from US EPA Models-3/CMAQ (Community Multi-scale Air Quality) v4.5.1 model simulations via data assimilation technique, thereby making the aerosol data spatially continuous and available even for cloud contamination cells. The assimilated aerosol optical data are utilized to provide quantitative estimates of transboundary PM pollution from China to the Korean peninsula and Japan. For the period of 1 April to 31 May, 2011 this analysis yields estimates that AOD as a proxy for PM2.5 or PM10 during long-range transport events increased by 117–265% compared to background average AOD (aerosol optical depth) at the four AERONET sites in Korea, and average AOD increases of 121% were found when averaged over the entire Korean peninsula. This paper demonstrates that the use of multi-spectral AOD retrievals from geostationary satellites can improve estimates of transboundary PM pollution. Such data will become more widely available later this decade when new sensors such as the GEMS (Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer) and GOCI-2 are scheduled to be launched.

Behavioural responses of wintering black-faced spoonbills (Platalea minor) to disturbance

Context Behavioural responses can be used to understand the impacts of disturbance on animals and to develop management strategies, and there is considerable conservation interest in quantifying the effects of disturbances on wild animals. Aims We seek to formulate a management plan for the endangered black-faced spoonbills (Platalea minor) in a non-breeding ground, on the basis of their behavioural responses to different types of stimulus categorised by threat level (threatening vs non-threatening) and human involvement (anthropogenic vs natural). Methods We documented 16 stimuli from 379 disturbance events through continuous observation on 31 daily selected focal individuals, and estimated flight distances caused by human approach under different conditions at a non-breeding site in Korea. Key results The spoonbills showed the strongest behavioural response to the non-threatening anthropogenic stimuli, and human approach followed by motor vehicles caused longer responses per event than did any other type of disturbing stimulus. Flight distance caused by human approach varied depending on conditions; inactive spoonbills in mixed-species associations started to flee at the greatest distance (197.4 m, with a 50% probability), whereas the spoonbills in a single conspecific flock were the most tolerant of human approaches, regardless of their activeness (61.0–61.7 m, with a 50% probability). Conclusions Human approach had been identified as the most important disturbing stimulus that should be controlled as a priority. We also suggest that black-faced spoonbills benefit from the presence of other waterbirds and exploit them as an early warning system. Implications The tolerance of sympatric species as well as the behavioural response of target species should be considered when a buffer area for wildlife management, particularly against human disturbance, is planned. How the site has been used and what the species composition is are still important components for the design of safe refuges and roosts.

한반도지역의 현지응력장 분포 패턴 및 지질시대별 전이 추이

국내 100여개 지역에서 측정된 460개 현지응력자료를 종합 분석하여 국내의 광역적 현지응력 분포 패턴을 분석하고, 심도-응력 및 심도-측압계수 관계식을 제시하였다. 이와 함께 한반도의 지질시대별 고응력장 변화와 최근의 지진 메카니즘에 의한 응력장 추정 결과를 통합하여, 한반도지역의 응력장 분포 패턴인 한국응력지도(Korea Stress Map)를 작성하였다. 세계의 심도-응력 관계식들과 비교를 통해, 본 연구에서 도출된 관계식의 적합성과 수 km 심도에의 유추 적용성을 확인하였다. 그리고 세계응력지도(World Stress Map)과 함께 동북아시아지역의 응력장 패턴을 분석하였다. We have analyzed the regional in-situ stress pattern using 460 stress measurement data at about 100 test sites in Korea, and suggested correlation equations of stress-depth and stress ratio-depth. We made Korea Stress Map(KSM) as in-situ stress fields of the Korean peninsula, combining with a paleo-stress analysis according to the geological period and a stress estimation from focal mechanism. We confirmed the reliability and applicability of correlation equations derived in this study, comparing with worldwide stress-depth patterns, and also estimated the pattern of in-situ stress fields of north-eastern Asia including Korea, China and Japan, comparing with World Stress Map.

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Miscanthus sinensis

Miscanthus species are tall perennial rhizomatous grasses with C4 photosynthesis originating from East Asia, and they are considered as important bioenergy crops for biomass production. In this study, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for M. sinensis was developed using embryogenic calli derived from mature seeds. In order to establish a stable system, optimum conditions to obtain highly regenerable and transformation-competent embryogenic calli were investigated, and embryogenic calli were efficiently induced with callus induction medium containing 3 mg L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 25 mM l-proline, at pH 5.7 with an induction temperature of 28 °C. In addition, the embryogenic callus induction and regeneration potentials were compared between seven M. sinensis germplasms collected from several sites in Korea, which revealed that the germplasm SNU-M-045 had superior embryogenic callus induction and regeneration potentials. With this germplasm, the genetic transformation of M. sinensis was performed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 carrying pCAMBIA1300 with a green fluorescence protein gene as a reporter. After putative transgenic plants were obtained, the genomic integration of transgenes was confirmed by genomic PCR, transgene expression was validated by Northern blot analysis, and the number of transgene integration was confirmed by DNA gel blot analysis. Furthermore, the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of M. sinensis was also performed with pCAMBIA3301 which contains an herbicide resistance gene (BAR), and we obtained transgenic M. sinensis plants whose herbicide resistance was confirmed by spraying with BASTA®. Therefore, we have established a stable Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for M. sinensis, and also successfully produced herbicide-resistant Miscanthus plants by introducing BAR gene via the established method.

A Study on Unsaturated Zone Characterization and Feasibility of Soil Vapor Extraction at a DNAPL-contaminated Site in Korea

This study aimed at characterizing unsaturated zone at the source zone area contaminated by DNAPL and investigating feasibility of soil vapor extraction (SVE). Five boreholes with three multi-level screens at the depth of 3.0~4.5 m, 5.5~7.0 m, and 8.0~12.0 m were installed at the source zone. Pneumatic tests were performed to determine the permeability of porous medium. Permeability was estimated to be 81.6 to 203.7 darcy, depending on the applied solutions, which was contradicted by grain size analysis of cored soil samples leading to 3.51 darcy. This is due to air flow through gravel pack during the early stage of pneumatic test. Pressure-drawdown curve in the late stage also well showed the leaky aquifer type, indicating air leakage to the ground. Air flow tests were also carried out to investigate air flow connectivity between multi-level wells, indicating that the horizontal air flow was well developed between the lower screens of the wells, not between the upper and middle screens due to the leakage to the surface. For the SVE test, there was no noticeable variation in TCE vapor concentration between three different test runs: 1. 8 hours daily for 5 days, 2. 24 hours together with air blowing at another well (BH1), 3. five consecutive days. Even for five-day consecutive test, total amount of removed TCE was estimated only to be as low as 46.5 g.

한국과 중국의 쇼핑몰 웹 사이트 비교분석을 통한 효과적인 웹 사이트 구축 방안에 관한 연구

본 논문은 한국과 중국의 쇼핑몰 웹 사이트 각각 1개씩을 대상으로 웹 사이트의 품질 요인에 대해 비교분석을 하였다. 이를 위해서 본 논문에서는 14개의 가설을 설정했으며, 이들을 검정하기 위해 SAS9.2 통계 패키지를 이용하였다. 가설 검정을 위한 설문조사 자 수는 총 519명 이었다. 연구결과로는 디자인, 커뮤니케이션, 커뮤니티, 상품화, 안전성, 고객만족도, 재구매 의도, 콘텐츠, 상거래, 고객충성도, 상호 작용성, 기술성, 신뢰성, 규모 요인 등 14개의 쇼핑몰 웹 사이트의 품질 요인은 한국과 중국의 쇼핑몰 웹 사이트에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 이를 토대로 이들 14개의 요인을 중심으로 효과적인 쇼핑몰 웹사이트 구축을 위한 방안을 제시하여 두었다. This paper mainly focuses on comparison analysis of the quality factors targeted at one shopping mall web site in Korea and China. There are a total of 14 hypothesis, and we use the SAS 9.2 statistical package tool. The survey to verify those hypothesis is filled out by 519 voluntary participants. The following describes the results that are found. The shopping mall web site of two countries shows a difference in terms of design, communication, community, commercialization, security, customer satisfaction, repurchase intention, contents, e-commerce, customer loyalty, interaction, technology, reliability, and size. Therefore, we suggest how to implement more effective shopping mall websites based on those 14 factors.

Voice of Customer Analysis for Internet Shopping Malls

Advances in Internet and Smartphones are generating huge amount of customers’ opinion (or VOC: voice of customer) in the online world. VOC is very useful for marketing or product design departments to see the customers’ opinion for the products. In this paper, VOC in online review sites has been collected, stored and analyzed in order to find out what kind of factors can affect the customer preference for the electronics products. We have implemented a VOC analysis system that includes ETL (extract, transformation, and loading), natural language processing, positive/negative analysis, and result visualization. Sensitivity adjectives and synonyms are collected and stored as a database for more correct sentiment analysis. Real experiment for VOC data with 39 Giga bytes from well-known review sites in Korea shows that the correctness for the classification of the positive/negative sentences and the causes of the positive/negative are 73% and 70%, respectively. The evaluation has been done based on the manual inspection for the analysis result

Accidents of Foreign Workers at Construction Sites in Korea

The purpose of this study is to introduce accident prevention remedies (APRs) and prioritize them according to accident-causing factors (ACFs), which were drawn from survey data analysis regarding the type and extent of dangers to which foreign workers in Korea are exposed at construction sites. First, 12 ACFs and 11 APRs were identified from a statistical analysis of questionnaires administered to 59 foreign industrial trainees working at construction sites in the Seoul-Kyunggi area. The APRs were then prioritized according to their relative importance as determined through the analytic hierarchy process and through a second survey administered to 96 safety and civil engineers who had experience in managing foreign workers at construction sites all over the country.

Radiological dose assessments according to dilution characteristics of radioactive materials in nuclear sites

This study quantified the characteristics of atmospheric dispersion and exposure dose of radioactive materials in four power plant sites in Korea. As a tool to quantify atmospheric dispersion, this study used air concentrations based on an assumed unit release of radioactivity per time. The disparities in atmospheric dispersion degrees among the sites were tested statistically with an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The probabilistic distribution of exposure dose in consideration of meteorological conditions in the case of a nuclear accident was estimated with a Monte Carlo simulation. The Yeoungkwang nuclear site on the west coast was the poorest in dispersion, whereas the most active dilution of radioactive materials took place in the Kori nuclear site located on the east coast on an annual basis. In case of an accident with the worst conditions of atmospheric dispersion, assuming the emission rate was 1Bq/s and the duration time of the accident is 1h, the highest 99.5th percentile of dose–1.51E−14mSv.

Characteristics of Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Metals in Industrial Sites in Korea

The distribution of metals in atmospheric particulates less than 10 µm was studied at a petrochemical refinery site and at a non-ferrous heavy metals industrial site in the city of Ulsan, South Korea in both the summer and fall seasons. The samples were collected with a high volume sampling system equipped with a 9 stage cascade impactor, which effectively separated the particulate matter into 9 size ranges. Total PM10 was 59 ± 14 µg/m 3 in summer and 56 ± 18 µg/m 3 in fall at the petrochemical site whereas it was 52 ± 14 µg/m3 in summer and 88 ± 36µg/m 3 in fall at the non-ferrous heavy metals site. The particle size fractionation in less than 10 µm showed a typical bimodal distribution, with one peak corresponding to the particle size range of 1.1-4.7 µm and the other to the range of 4.7-10 µm. Five heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd) were measured in the composite mixture of particulates (0.1-1.1, 1.1-4.7 and 4.7-10 µm). The heavy metals concentrations were found to be higher in the 1.1-4.7 µm fraction followed by 4.7-10 and 0.1-1.1 µm. Among the metals Pb showed particle size dependent whereas Zn was homogeneously mixed in all sizes. The obtained data are important for an estimation of level pollution with heavy metals in industrial sites.

Phase III trial of a 3-weekly versus 5-weekly schedule of S-1 plus cisplatin (SP) combination chemotherapy for first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer (AGC): SOS study.

LBA4024 Background: 5-weekly S-1 plus cisplatin (SP5: S-1 80-120 mg/body/day on D1-21, cisplatin 60 mg/m2 on D8, every 5 weeks) has become a standard first-line chemotherapy for AGC in Japan based on the SPIRITS trial (Lancet Oncol. 2008;9:215). To strengthen the low-dose intensity of cisplatin in this SP5 for greater efficacy, a 3-weekly S-1 plus cisplatin (SP3: S-1 80 mg/m2/day on D1-14, cisplatin 60 mg/m2on D1, every 3 weeks) has been developed in Korea (Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2008;61:837). Methods: This SOS study was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase III study to evaluate whether SP3 was non-inferior/superior to SP5 in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) determined by a blinded central radiology review according to RECIST v1.1. Patients (pts) with metastatic or recurrent gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma and with no prior chemotherapy were randomized 1:1 to receive either SP3 or SP5 until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities. Results: Between February 2009 and January 2012, a total of 625 pts were randomized from 42 sites in Korea and Japan. Median age was 59.6 years. 99% of pts had ECOG performance status 0-1. 16% of pts had prior gastrectomy. 62% of pts had measurable lesions. With a median follow-up of 34.7 months (range, 14.2-48.8) in surviving pts, SP3 was significantly noninferior and superior to SP5 in PFS (median 5.5 months vs. 4.9 months; HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.68-0.99, p=0.0418). Overall response rate (ORR) was also better with SP3 than with SP5 (60% vs. 50%, p=0.029). However, OS of both groups was equivalent (median 14.1 vs. 13.9 months; HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.81-1.21, p=0.9068). Treatment was well tolerated in both arms, while SP3 was associated with more frequent G3/4 anemia (19% vs. 9%) and neutropenia (39% vs. 9%). Dose intensity was higher in SP3 than in SP5 for both agents (median 331 vs. 317 mg/m2/week for S-1, p<0.001; median 18 vs. 12 mg/m2/week for cisplatin, p<0.001). Conclusions: SP3 was noninferior and superior to SP5 in terms of PFS and ORR. However, considering the small benefit in PFS and no difference in OS, both SP3 and SP5 can be recommended for the first-line treatment of AGC. Clinical trial information: NCT00915382.