Sites Of Memory Research Articles

A Fusion of Molecular Imprinting Technology and Siloxane Chemistry: A Way to Advanced Hybrid Nanomaterials.

Molecular imprinting technology is a well-known strategy to synthesize materials with a predetermined specificity. For fifty years, the "classical" approach assumed the creation of "memory sites" in the organic polymer matrix by a template molecule that interacts with the functional monomer prior to the polymerization and template removal. However, the phenomenon of a material's "memory" provided by the "footprint" of the chemical entity was first observed on silica-based materials nearly a century ago. Through the years, molecular imprinting technology has attracted the attention of many scientists. Different forms of molecularly imprinted materials, even on the nanoscale, were elaborated, predominantly using organic polymers to induce the "memory". This field has expanded quickly in recent years, providing versatile tools for the separation or detection of numerous chemical compounds or even macromolecules. In this review, we would like to emphasize the role of the molecular imprinting process in the formation of highly specific siloxane-based nanomaterials. The distinct chemistry of siloxanes provides an opportunity for the facile functionalization of the surfaces of nanomaterials, enabling us to introduce additional properties and providing a way for vast applications such as detectors or separators. It also allows for catalyzing chemical reactions providing microreactors to facilitate organic synthesis. Finally, it determines the properties of siloxanes such as biocompatibility, which opens the way to applications in drug delivery and nanomedicine. Thus, a brief outlook on the chemistry of siloxanes prior to the discussion of the current state of the art of siloxane-based imprinted nanomaterials will be provided. Those aspects will be presented in the context of practical applications in various areas of chemistry and medicine. Finally, a brief outlook of future perspectives for the field will be pointed out.

Disrupting institutional memory sites: racialized counter-memory at the University of Maryland

ABSTRACT As universities grapple with their long-standing and ever-present relationships with white supremacy, how do they choose to physically mark racial memories on campus, especially those related to racial violence? At the University of Maryland, competing messages from two different memorials for a slain Black student demonstrate the need to critique the form and content of university memorialization. In this essay, I focus on the ideas of disruption, movement, and tension to argue that specific physical elements of the two memory sites communicate diverging recommendations for how a university should take responsibility for racial injustice.

MOURNING WITH STRANGERS: MARC ADELMAN’S STELEN

Marc Adelman’s Stelen is a collection of 150 images of men posing at the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Germany. Understanding the photographs that compromise Stelen involves tracking a number of shifts that have taken place across different fields: a change in the understanding of the role of the public memorial which has seen the construction of ‘anti-memorials’ or ‘counter-monuments’ such as the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe; a turn towards participatory memory practices in museums and at memorial sites; digital photography and the impact of social media. In the first part of this paper, I explore how these trends intersect in order to give an account of the conditions of production of the photographs. Adelman has proposed that the photographs might be understood in relation to the role that the memory of the Holocaust plays in contemporary queer life. In the second part of this paper, I use Michael Rothberg’s concept of Multidirectional Memory to consider Stelen as a counter-archive that offers a multidirectional articulation of grief.

Black Aesthetics and Deep Water: Fish-People, Mermaid Art and Slave Memory in South Africa

ABSTRACT Mami Wata is a water spirit venerated across the Indian and Atlantic Ocean worlds. In South Africa, a water spirit who is a mermaid figure goes by many names and is either feared or revered for her other-wordly powers. This mermaid figure, I argue, functions as site of slavery memory as well as a reminder of the troubled relationship black and previously enslaved communities have with water. I analyse artistic representations of the figure of the “watermeisie” (water maiden/water girl), a kind of mermaid creature who is half-human and half-fish. I discuss how this figure functions as a discursive site for South African women artists’ investigations into the before- and afterlives of slavery. I argue that the watermeisie as nomadic figure provides us with a speculative re-mapping of slave memory in Southern Africa. The article examines how the ocean and the figure of the mermaid appear in works by Koleka Putuma, Claudette Schreuders and Nelisiwe Xaba, artists who have brought the watermeisie with all its complexity in South African waters and discourse into focus, by charting a map of slave genealogies using the roots/routes of slavery in and out of water.

Scrolling back: Remediation within and through digital memory work

Abstract This article explores how the concept of remediation is part of digital memory work performed by young women on Instagram. While remediation has been used to make sense of the ways sites of memory are represented across time and through different media, mnemonic media practices and forms are remediated in digital memory work. This article draws on interviews, observations of Instagram activities, and focus group data to analyse how other media practices and forms are integrated into digital memory work on Instagram and mobilised by young women to make sense of their mnemonic use of the platform. The analysis focuses on how practices of digital memory work use direct remediation of material objects and remediation of the functionality of mnemonic media practices. It addresses how the comparisons participants make to other mnemonic media practices reveal how digital memory work involves negotiation of personal and public, private and professional, and the authentic and staged. In addition, it grapples with the way that sharing happy experiences and moments to produce a ‘highlight reel’ or ‘hall of fame’ in postfeminist digital culture has valuable and potentially harmful implications.

Reconciling Sites of Memory and Loss: Place, a Poetics of Geology, and the Implicated Writer

Previous articleNext article No AccessForumReconciling Sites of Memory and Loss: Place, a Poetics of Geology, and the Implicated WriterLauret SavoyLauret SavoyMount Holyoke College Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Volume 28, Number 1January 2023 Published for the American Society for Environmental History and the Forest History Society Views: 43Total views on this site Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/722573 Views: 43Total views on this site © 2023 Forest History Society and American Society for Environmental History. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

International heritage in the memorial landscape of the Kaliningrad region

This article aims to analyse the structure of sites in the Kaliningrad region commemorating events, phenomena or figures of international history, as well as to reveal their symbolic significance. The study uses empirical data on the origin, time of construction and purpose of the monuments, memorials and other places of commemoration. Theoretically, it draws on the concepts of cultural memory and sites of memory. The idiographic and historiographic methods were employed along with general scientific methods. At the core of the region’s international memorial landscape structure are sites commemorating the German past of the area or linked to Lithuanian and, less frequently, Polish national cultures. The structure of the memorial heritage is largely a product of the selective preservation of pre-war monuments and constructions in the Soviet period and post-Soviet commemorative activities in the Kaliningrad region, ‘a region of cooperation’. Its most substantial, German, component is a complex symbolic system honouring the intellectual culture of East Prussia and its prominent figures. And, not unlike its Lithuanian and Polish components, it lacks inner unity. Most of the memorial objects examined have been integrated into all-Russian or regional historical narratives and corresponding discourses. Reflecting the ‘Russian story line’ in the local history, it has been appropriated by the local culture of memory.

РОЗВИТОК ТУРИСТИЧНОГО БІЗНЕСУ В РЕГІОНІ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

The article examines the main functions of tourism business development in the Sumy region under martial law. The directions for the restoration and development of tourism in the post-war period have been clarified. It was analyzed which types of tourism were promising for the region and how tourism changed after the start of the war. The problems encountered by tourism business enterprises and the factors hindering the development of tourism in the community were studied. It has been established that the prospects for the development of tourism in the Sumy region are primarily related to the improvement of the tourism management mechanism at all levels; restoration of the functioning of tourist locations; modernization of tourist facilities at the expense of grant funds; the formation of a new heritage - the creation of museums, memorials, expositions, memorial sites; development of memory routes, opening of new interesting attractions. In the process of research, it is important to develop proposals for promotion effectiveness of tourism management at the regional level in the post-war period. In order to form practical recommendations for the strategic recovery of the tourism industry and the improvement of the mechanisms of economic sectors, taking into account the challenges of wartime, a comprehensive study of the problem faced by tourist Sumy region during the war. The theoretical and applied analysis of the current state of the tourism industry in Ukraine was carried out using logical, analytical and system-structural search methods. The study is based on the data of a sociological survey conducted as part of the Estonian-Ukrainian research project Development of Ukrainian border communities and tourism business in the conditions of war and strategies for the future". The research results made it possible to develop ways of post-war reconstruction of the tourism industry. First of all, attention should be paid to the development of security for the resumption of tourist trips. It is necessary to hold a number of lectures with travel companies on travel safety. It is also necessary to develop a tourism development program for the Sumy region with specific defined tasks. Prospective directions are: establishment of cooperation with public organizations, charitable funds and potential investors regarding the implementation of joint initiatives and grant projects for the restoration of tourism; activation of community participation in international tourism projects; strengthening the exchange of information with the regions of Ukraine and other countries The results of the research can be used in the formation of the tourism development strategy and the design of regional target programs in the wartime period.

«ТОТ, КОМУ НЕВЕДОМО ПРОШЛОЕ, ОБЕДНЯЕТ СВОЕ НАСТОЯЩЕЕ»: МЕМОРИАЛИЗАЦИЯ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИХ СОБЫТИЙ, ПАМЯТНИКИ И КОММЕМОРАЦИИ В ПРАКТИКЕ ССО «ПАМЯТЬ» В 1970-1990-Е ГОДЫ

The article describes the principles, forms, methods, approaches, participants and the character of activity of student construction brigade of volunteer labor Pamjat in the sphere of their studies of historical memory and its memoralization. The main stages of their activity in the context of governmental policy in the years 1970-1990 were revealed and described, as well as the memorials built by the members of the construction brigade. The article also analyzes the principles of construction of cultural memory about military and revolutionary historical events and their participants, the peculiarities of formation of «memory sites» in the cultural landscape of Altai krai. Using the example of activity of a single construction brigade the author gives an assessment of practices of Soviet youth construction brigades in the establishing of communication between generations and specifes the peculiarities of Soviet commemorating practices.

Transformations of collective memory: images of the past in the cultural landscape of the Khobdinsky district

This article presents findings from field studies of sites of memory conducted in the Khobdinsky district of the Aktobe region. The study examines how Soviet-era images and patterns of collective memory are being reevaluated. It observes the interplay between mechanisms of preservation and forgetting when interpreting past events. The erasure of “heroic” Soviet symbols becomes evident in relation to certain monuments, which face the possibility of being excluded from the list of historically and culturally protected assets by the government. Conversely, the valorization of World War II figures, exemplified by Aliya Moldagulova, remains a widely propagated aspect of collective memory, spanning both regional and national dimensions. Moreover, the heroes of World War II, significant for regional memory and identity, are being placed into a wider context of the Kazakh people’s heroic history, whose main symbols are now such figures like Karakypshak Koblandy and Isatai Taymanuly. Alongside the hybridization of heroic imagery across pre-colonial, colonial, and Soviet epochs, the authors also chronicle instances where mosques evolve into pivotal elements of memory sites. Consequently, these sites become integral to the development of new public spaces in contemporary Kazakhstan.

Реконструкция места памяти: Королевская старообрядческая моленная

This article is dedicated to a little studied problem of the 19th century Old Believers’ prayer houses localization on the cultural map of St. Petersburg. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is Pierre Nora’s theory of lieux de mémoire, which shows the process of memory revival in spite of the history of oblivion. An overview of the most significant loci in the history of a historical and cultural phenomenon of Old Believers’ Saint-Petersburg was undertaken. There were presented data from various sources casting light on the circumstances of the Old Believers’ Korolev Prayer House functioning and closure, based on the analysis of which an attempt to relate this significant site of memory in the cultural history of St. Petersburg to a specific building in urban sprawl was undertaken for the first time. Interdisciplinary culturological methodology makes it possible not only to verify the address of the prayer house, which has not been considered determined with adequate accuracy until now, but also to raise an issue of studying the cultural history of the Old Believer St. Petersburg at the Pushkin era.

Memorials as a part of the political symbolic space in Prague

Memorials, as pieces of art in public space, have not only an aesthetic function, but also a commemorative, representative, and ideological one. They materialize social discourse and national values that change over time. The social relationship to memorials shapes their symbolism, which is a part of the political symbolic space. The aim of the article is to determine how memorials are involved in this symbolic space (how memorials from various eras are distributed in Prague, which localities might have symbolic connotations, and how this symbolism can be interpreted). Free-standing memorials in the public space of Greater Prague have been included in the research, demonstrating different spatial patterns and symbolism. While the most dominant memorials, dedicated to figures associated with the Czech National Revival, are concentrated in the city center, war memorials, the most common type of memorial, are scattered evenly throughout the city. The reinterpretation of historical events and memorials after the fall of Communism has created conflicting sites of memory, which relate to current Czech-Russian relations and the aftermath of the historical Czech-German national conflict.

ФОРМУВAННЯ ІСТОРИЧНОЇ ПАМ’ЯТІ СУСПІЛЬСТВА СШA ЧЕРЕЗ ПУБЛІЧНИЙ ПРОСТІР МІСТ (ДРУГА ПОЛОВИНА ХІХ – ХХІ СТ.)

The article addresses the issue of memory policy functioning in the USA. Through the example of shaping public spaces in various states and regions of the country, the process of decision-making regarding the creation of monuments and memorials is analyzed. The aim of the article is to identify the connection between the axiological orientations of different social groups in the country and their emphases in the implementation of memory policy in the public spaces of cities. An attempt is made to demonstrate the significance of general processes of societal democratization in creating memory sites, and specific examples trace the shift in meanings embedded in already established monuments and memorials. The scientific novelty of the study lies in analyzing the role of US civil society in shaping images of historical figures in the public spaces of cities during different periods of state development. The methodological basis of the article is the synthesis of socio-cultural history and the study of memory policy. In particular, it involves the analysis of the formation of historical memory in the public spaces of cities in the context of general processes of societal spiritual life, its experience, and values. Conclusions. The formation of public spaces in American cities and filling them with monuments to historical figures occurred in a decentralized manner. The investigation of this aspect of the issue attested that different regions of the country developed their interpretations of the past, which correlated with the different value orientations of individual state regions. It does not mean that there are no points of intersection in perceptions of the historical past in the USA. Still, local peculiarities significantly influenced on local communities’ formation of public spaces.

From state terror to international conflict. A place of memory: Katyn as a foreign policy tool of Putin’s Russia

This text discusses the transformations of the Katyn memorial site near Smolensk in western Russia, where, in 1940, the mass murder of more than 4,000 Polish military officers who were prisoners of war occurred. After the Soviet Union’s admission of guilt in 1990, it seemed for two decades that Katyn could also serve as a place for mutual reconciliation between post-communist Poland and post-Soviet Russia. However, in the period of increasing tension between Russia and Poland after 2010, the monument in Katyn became an object of Russian–Polish confrontation. The author concludes that the Katyn memorial complex today illustrates the tendency to patriotize and detraumatize Soviet crimes, whereby the positive events of the Soviet era – especially the victory over Germany in World War II – are ‘Russified’ and newly politically traumatized in parallel with the trivialization and marginalization of murder and crimes against human rights. The new form of memory in Katyn reflects an increasingly firmly dictated line from above that combines Russian nationalism, Orthodox faith, and a sentimental view of the period of Communist rule.

The new approach to commemorating open-air war sites on the example of the Museum of Westerplatte and the 1939 war in Gdańsk, Poland

This paper focuses on current issues in the development of open-air memorial sites. The concept of open-air museums is evolving in the twenty-first century to encompass sustainable protection of war monuments in their historical context. The cultural landscapes require minimal intervention. However, to ensure the viability of the museums and accessibility to visitors, new additions – in terms of architecture and urban design – are inevitable. The challenge is to guarantee the quality and coherence of any additions and to preserve historic landscapes. It is also crucial to ensure public acceptance of revitalization efforts. Open architectural competition might be a reliable means of delivering viable results, as demonstrated by the recent construction of a new military cemetery and restoration of the battlefield in Westerplatte in Gdańsk, Poland.

«КУЛАЦКАЯ ССЫЛКА»: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ КОММЕМОРАТИВНЫЕ ПРАКТИКИ В ТОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The article is devoted to the study of modern commemorative practices of the «Kulak exile» in the Tomsk region. The creation of memorial sites, the writing of memoirs, and the creation of documentaries are examined. The role of the state, museums, and the public in perpetuating the memory of exiled peasants are shown. It is revealed that the practices of commemoration contributed to the formation of places of memory in the socio-cultural space of the Tomsk region, symbolizing the “Kulak exile”. The research is primarily focusing on the Palochka village in the Verkhneketsky district, where a memorial place appeared and a Center for the Memory of the dispossessed opened.

Historical and archaeological data for integrated environmental historical analyses on the moat profile of the türbe complex of Sultan Suleiman I at Szigetvár - Turbék Wineyard Hill site (Hungary)

Sultan Suleiman I the Magnificent (1526–1566) died during the siege of Szigetvár in 1566 (between 1 and 2 a.m. on 7th September 1566) in his imperial tent 4.5 kilometers from the castle, on the vineyard hill of Szigetvár – Turbék, Hungary. Later, around 1575 a makam türbe (memorial mausoleum) with a mosque and a dervish lodge was built on the place of his death; the complex was protected by a palisade and surrounded by a deep moat. The layout of the complex was drawn by Count Pál Esterházy (1635–1713) (later palatine and imperial prince) in 1664, during the Winter Campaign. Part of the memorial site and the adjoining small town (Turkish name: Türbe kasabası) burnt down in 1688, most of the buildings were removed by 1691, and by 1693 only the remains of the mausoleum’s wall were left standing, which were soon pulled down. Later the area was used for agricultural purposes, with fields, orchards, gardens, and vineyards. The türbe and other associated buildings were covered with a layer of rubble from the demolition and soil. The significant site was identified in 2014 and was excavated by remote sensing, geophysical, geological, and archaeological investigations between 2015 and 2019.

A Research Review of Common Memorial Sites, Connecting the Friendship between Turkey and Pakistan

Monuments, schools, hospitals and named streets, parks or squares that are mutually constructed in big cities as examples of historical and cultural values are places of common memory in Turkey and Pakistan. Accurate understanding of the collective past and historical consciousness affects not only the present, but also the shaping of the future. Therefore, cultural phenomena such as tradition, language, and religion, national and religious holidays in the collective past of a society contribute to the formation of historical consciousness and national identity. The memory places, which play an important role in the construction of the common future through the cultural values of the Pakistani and Turkish societies, also reflect the socio-political and cultural memory objects of both societies. In this study, memory spaces that play an active role in the cultural interaction between Pakistan and Turkey will be discussed with the theory of memory space (lieu de mèmoire) of French historian Pierre Nora. In addition, how and what memory spaces that reflect the identity of a society symbolize in terms of both symbolic and historical reality will be examined.

Family Library as a Site of Memory: the Rozumovskys’ / Razumovskys’ Book Collection from the Mid-Eighteenth to the Early Twenty-First Century

This article focuses on the book collection whose history began in the mid-eighteenth century and despite certain losses continues nowadays 1 . This is a sole known book gathering that belonged to the Ukrainian ruling dynasty and still finds itself in the possession of the family. The Counts Razumovsky, who trace their ancestry from the hetman Kyrylo Rozumovsky (1728– 1803), held first-class libraries in their Ukrainian, Russian, Austrian, and Czech estates during almost three centuries. However, it is only the Viennese collection that survived the tough twentieth century and sheds light on the bookish tastes of its aristocratic proprietors. At the same time, the catalogues of 1907 and 1914 reveal the repertoire of the lost assemblages, offering a broader exploration of the family book tradition possible. The theoretical frame of the lecture refers to the contemporary memory studies with a special attention to family memory.

A Mordovian settlement as a site and community of historical memory: collective narratives and representations

Introduction. The article summarizes the results of a study of social practices and narratives of the commemoration of the victims of mass political repression in the village of Kruglyi (the Republic of Mordovia) that was established as a permanent settlement in the period of collectivization. Materials and Methods. The theoretical framework of the study consists of social theories of “memory sites” and collective trauma. The method of collecting empirical data corresponded to case study, including observation, in-depth interviews and discourse analysis of media publications. The data were analyzed using the methods of thick ethnographic description and narrative discourse analysis. Results and Discussion. The article reviews the social context of local commemoration; identifies the main stages and practices of creating a “place of memory” in the village of Kruglyi by constructing a self-made monument of stained oak with a memorial plaque, and its subsequent mediatization. The authors analyze local discourses and narratives of social memory and material aspects of commemoration; regional, identify national and international mnemonic actors, acting as agents of the process of cultural trauma. They reveal and interpret the content of competing narratives of victimization and devictimization of the local community. Conclusion. Based on the data obtained in the course of fieldwork, the authors deconstruct media of the history of the village and identify two different models of its description. They conclude that these models are conditioned by various models of commemorating social trauma: one is “therapeutic”, focused more on deprivation and the loss of group identity; another one is “macrohistoric”, or in other words based on interpreting trauma as an aspect of social transformation seen as a process containing prerequisites for working the trauma out.