Site Of Deposition Research Articles

Facile synthesis of high-density and vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays on an acid treated stainless steel mesh

Directly growing vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays (VACNTs) on conductive substrates has shown great potential in a wide variety of applications. Among the various substrates, stainless steel (SS) possesses the advantageous features of wide availability, diverse compositions, and Fe containing, all of which are favorable for direct use as a low-cost and efficient catalytic substrate for VACNT growth. However, it is still unachieved to grow high-density VACNTs on SS in a facile way due to the lack of effective engineering strategies on the SS surface. Herein, we demonstrate a facile but efficient method to grow dense and highly VACNTs on an SS mesh by simply etching the SS mesh with an optimized HCl solution. Experimental results show that the etching can remove the chromium-rich passive layer and create highly active sites for chemical vapor deposition. In addition, it is revealed that the presence of the high-melting element of Mo in SS 316 is essential for prolonging the lifetime of active sites. Compared to the case on the SS 304 without Mo element, the VACNTs grown on SS 316 exhibit a higher purity, better alignment, higher degree of graphitization, and more importantly, large height of 80 μm.

Methodology of experimental filtration studies (releases) from high-pressure inter-salt productive deposits of industrial lithium-bearing brines of the hydrogeological halogen-carbonate formation of the Siberian platform

It is known that all our knowledge about the industrial brines of the Siberian platform was obtained while drilling wells for oil and gas whereas targeted studies of brine-bearing horizons in deep wells for hydrocarbons are hardly conducted. One of the reasons is the high daily rate in the drilling cycle resulting in carrying out strictly limited additional works not related to drilling. Meanwhile, the geological results including the forecast, the estimation of the calculated parameters of the section productive intervals, the exploration and development methodology of deposits of industrial metal-bearing brines with abnormally high reservoir pressure directly depend on the data of the hydrodynamic studies. Today, large companies – subsurface users of the south of the Irkutsk region are tasked to determine the methodology of short-term pilot releases, which provides correct input data for reserve calculation of industrial brines of natural inter-salt carbonate fractured reservoirs of the hydrogeological halogen-carbonate formation. To determine a reliable permeability coefficient under the experimental filtration work, it is necessary to achieve a quasi-stationary filtration mode. The optimal mode is an intermittent one of brine release with a constant flow rate at the same time intervals with a continuous recording of pressure changes by the telemetry system. The results of pilot releases implemented at the Znamenskiy site of the Angara-Lena deposit of industrial lithium-bearing brines have been considered. The release methods enabling the performance of experimental filtration work in a short time, and applicable in well construction for hydrocarbon production have been proposed. Surface users can carry out the research using the proposed methodology in the case when the well bottom unexpectedly opens a brine formation with an abnormally high reservoir pressure of the fluid system. The implementation of experimental filtration work employing the described methods allows the subsoil users to substantiate the resource base of industrial brines and the elements in them including lithium, rubidium, cesium, bromine, iodine and other rare, trace elements and mineral salts.

Fatty acids derived from oviposition systems guide female black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens) toward egg deposition sites.

The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, comes with big promises for industrial purposes since its larvae feed polyphagously on a broad spectrum of organic substrates. However, research focusing on adult flies is scarce, which is inconsistent with their reproductive relevance within the rearing cycle. In particular, directed oviposition is a challenge in artificial systems. Currently, decomposing organic matter is commonly used as oviposition substrate, which has extensive potential for improvement in view of the lack of standardization and the risk of microbial contamination. Here, we identified three fatty acids and one fatty acid methyl ester derived from the surface of old oviposition sites and targeted to elucidate their effect on preference behavior and oviposition site selection using Y-olfactometry and prepared oviposition sites, respectively. Exposure to tetradecanoic acid attracted gravid females and stimulated oviposition most strongly, while decanoic acid demonstrated a repulsive effect. Females kept in mixed-sex populations were attracted by tetradecanoic acid, resulting in a higher egg mass found in the compound box (3.0-11.4 fold), a ≥ 2.3 fold reduction of nonspecifically deposited eggs, and the highest total egg mass. Conversely, decanoic and dodecanoic acid caused females to lay a greater proportion of eggs nonspecifically outside both boxes. Our data suggest that fatty acids, especially tetradecanoic acid, are important cues for oviposition site selection in black soldier flies. In order to achieve a directed oviposition behavior, the role of further short- and long-chain fatty acids as attractants should be examined.

Vertical profile and flux measurements of ammonia in a deciduous forest in Japan towards improvement of bi-directional exchange model

Ammonia (NH3) is a major component of reduced nitrogen. A bi-directional exchange of NH3 takes place between the atmosphere and surface. Although the study of reduced nitrogen is gaining prominence in recent years, quantification of NH3 deposition is technically challenging due to its complex properties; consequently, this generates significant uncertainty regarding the estimation of total nitrogen deposition. Based on past studies, it has been reported that Asia has numerous high-risk nitrogen deposition sites; however, only a few studies have investigated the NH3 exchange in this region. To clarify the exchange process and achieve improved accuracy regarding the estimation of nitrogen deposition in Asia, we conducted measurements of vertical profile and flux of NH3 in a forest in Japan during summer (July 21–August 1, 2015), winter (February 23–February 29, 2016), and autumn (September 27–October 11, 2016). We measured daytime and nighttime NH3 concentrations at four or five heights of an observation tower in the forest by using filter-pack holders, and determined NH3 fluxes by using the aerodynamic gradient method. During daytime, NH3 showed emission above the canopy in summer, and near the forest floor in winter. There was no clear emission trend in autumn. During nighttime, NH3 showed deposition from the top of the canopy to the forest floor for all observed periods. NH3 exchange in the forest possibly had seasonal and diurnal variations. The flux measurements showed large NH3 emissions at daytime in summer and small depositions at nighttime in summer and autumn. Mean flux during the observation periods was 0.026 μg m−2 s−1. The daytime flux during leafy periods was found to have a strong correlation with solar radiation. At daytime in summer, flux also had strong correlations with relative humidity and horizontal wind speed. We also estimated NH3 fluxes in summer by employing a bi-directional exchange model to verify the applicability of the model at the study site. Inferred fluxes obtained via the model showed large emissions during daytime and agreed with the observation results; however, the model could not reproduce the nighttime deposition. This discrepancy was improved by applying more suitable cuticular resistances.

Effects of semen quality on pregnancy rate in artificially inseminated dairy cows

The study aimed to evaluate the quality of fresh and frozen-thawed semen of five adult Holstein-Friesian crossbred bulls and the pregnancy rate of cows inseminated with frozen semen of those bulls. The fresh semen of breeding bulls collected for artificial insemination (AI) programme in the field was of good quality with volume (6.7 ± 0.2 ml - 8.9 ± 0.5 ml), concentration (904.2 ± 56.4 million/ml), mass activity (3.3 ± 0.2-3.6 ± 0.2), total motility (77.0 ± 1.1% – 92.1 ± 0.6%), progressive motility (67.0 ± 1.2% – 87.4 ± 0.6%) and semen viability (73.0 ± 0.6% to 85.4 ± 0.7%). The computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) results showed that diluted pre-freezing semen had good sperm total motility (50.1 ± 3.8 % to 59.0 ± 4.7%), progressive motility (30.0 ± 1.2%-39.0 ± 1.6%), the velocity traits of straight linear velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL) and average path velocity (VAP) of sperm ranged from 48.0 ± 1.3 - 71.3 ± 0.7 μm/s,118.1 ± 2.8-181.3 ± 10.9 μm/s and 68.4 ± 2.5 to 91.0 ± 2.9 μm/s, respectively. Bull 1 showed significantly higher VSL (71.3 ± 0.7 μm/s), VCL (181.3 ± 10.9 μm/s) and VAP (91.0 ± 2.9 μm/s) compared to others. Viability of frozen-thawed semen was lower in Bull 5 (73.0 ± 1.71%) compared to others. Although in frozen-thawed semen these parameters declined, the semen was sufficiently good to be used in AI in the field. The overall pregnancy rate using frozen semen was 55.6% and the highest pregnancy rate (62%) was in cows that were inseminated with frozen semen of Bull 1, but the differences between bulls was not significant. The pregnancy rate had positive correlation with sperm count, total motility, progressive motility, VCL, VSL, VAP, amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), beat cross frequency (BCF), linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), sperm viability. In artificially inseminated cows, the intensity of oestrus of cows, timing of AI, site of semen deposition and season had a significant effect on pregnancy rate. In conclusion, the fresh and frozen-thawed semen of breeding bulls supplied in North-East Bangladesh for AI programme were good quality. Heat detection and insemination timing need to be improved to increase the pregnancy rate.
 Bangl. vet. 2022. Vol. 39, No. 1-2, 1–15

Uniform lithium deposition regulated by lithiophilic Mo3N2/MoN heterojunction nanobelts interlayer for stable lithium metal batteries

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are of significant importance for high-energy rechargeable batteries owing to its ultra-high theoretical specific capacity and lowest reduction potential. However, the lithium dendrite growth during the continuous plating/stripping process results in poor cycle property, serious security issues and low Coulombic efficiency to working LMBs. To effectively inhibit lithium dendrite issues, a multifunctional lithiophilic interlayer constructed by heterostructural Mo3N2/MoN nanobelt (MoNx) is exploited as regulator to adjust lithium deposition. The results reveal that MoNx/PP exhibits high lithium-ion transference number, ion conductivity and excellent electrolyte wettability, which action synergistically to regulate lithium-ion diffusion and flux. DFT calculation further demonstrates that the co-existence of heterostructure and polar bonds can effectively enhance the interaction between MoNx and lithium, which can supply more deposition sites for promoting homogenous and smooth lithium plating. The advantages mentioned above endow symmetric Li//Li cell used MoNx/PP with a super-long-life of 1500 h at 5 mA cm−2. Furthermore, Li//LiFePO4 full cell presents excellent cycling stability and ultra-low-capacity decay rate of 0.033 %/cycle after 500 cycles even at 3C. This work offers a creative strategy and insight to reasonably design lithiophilic interlayer to regulate Li uniform depositions in working LMBs.

Interplay of compound pollutants with microplastics transported in saturated porous media: Effect of co-existing graphene oxide and tetracycline

Co-existence of microplastics, nanomaterials, and antibiotics may lead to intensified multifaceted pollution, which may influence their fate in soils. This study investigated the co-transport behavior of polystyrene microplastics (PS) and compound pollutants of graphene oxide (GO) and tetracycline (TC). Packed column experiments for microplastic with or without combined pollutants were performed in KCl (10 and 30 mM) and CaCl2 solutions (0.3 and 1 mM). The results showed transport of PS was facilitated at low ionic strengths and inhibited at high ionic strengths by GO with or without TC under examined conditions. Carrier effect of GO as well as the aggregation of PS in the presence of co-exiting GO or GO-TC could be the contributor. Although the existence of TC relieved the ripening phenomenon of PS and GO deposition due to enhanced electronegativity of sand media, the effect of GO on the PS transport has not been significantly impacted, indicating the dominant role of GO during cotransport process. Furthermore, the transport of PS was increased by TC owing to competition for deposition sites on sand surfaces. In turn, the transport of TC was mainly affected by PS whether graphene was present or not. The increase in electrostatic repulsive force (transport-promoting) and addition adsorption sites (transport-inhibiting) may be responsible for the observations. Our findings could improve understandings of complex environmental behaviors of microplastics and provide insight into investigation on cotransport of emerging contaminants under various conditions relevant to the subsurface environment.

Gulls contribute to olive seed dispersal within and among islands in a Mediterranean coastal area

AbstractAimTo analyse the role of non‐frugivorous birds on seed dispersal, seed dispersal by gulls is expected to be especially instrumental in island ecosystems, as these have a smaller subset of frugivores when compared to the mainland, and because long‐distance dispersal is required for plant colonisation. Here, we investigated the seed dispersal of olives by gulls among 10 islands of the same archipelago to reveal if gulls contribute to long‐distance seed dispersal including different islands, and how gulls' adaptation to domestic olives and individual differences in foraging activities affect their seed dispersal pattern.LocationBalearic Islands in the Western Mediterranean Sea, Spain.TaxonYellow‐legged gulls (Larus michahellis), Domestic and wild Olives (Olea europaea and O. europaea var. sylvestris).MethodsWe developed seed dispersal models of the two ecotypes of olives dispersed by gulls across an archipelago, based on GPS tracking data, gut passage time and seed viability.ResultsMean dispersal distances were 7.67 (±12.48) km in wild and 12.57 (±13.08) km in domestic olives. 7.1% of wild and 8.5% of domestic olives were dispersed among islands. Among these, 8.2% of domestic seeds were transported from large to small islands where gull colonies are located, whereas wild olives were dispersed in more variable directions. Such dispersal pattern of two olive ecotypes was consistent despite the differences in dispersal distances among individuals.Main ConclusionsGulls contributed to long‐distance olive seed dispersal including different islands. The seed dispersal of domestic olives to longer distances with specific directions may facilitate colonisation and expansion of that variant if the conditions of seed deposition sites are suitable. Our findings indicate that gulls are relevant vectors for long‐distance dispersal of large fleshy fruits in island ecosystems where specialist large frugivores are absent.

Automated classification of fat-infiltrated axillary lymph nodes on screening mammograms.

Fat-infiltrated axillary lymph nodes (LNs) are unique sites for ectopic fat deposition. Early studies showed a strong correlation between fatty LNs and obesity-related diseases. Confirming this correlation requires large-scale studies, hindered by scarce labeled data. With the long-term goal of developing a rapid and generalizable tool to aid data labeling, we developed an automated deep learning (DL)-based pipeline to classify the status of fatty LNs on screening mammograms. Our internal data set included 886 mammograms from a tertiary academic medical institution, with a binary status of the fat-infiltrated LNs based on the size and morphology of the largest visible axillary LN. A two-stage DL model training and fine-tuning pipeline was developed to classify the fat-infiltrated LN status using the internal training and development data set. The model was evaluated on a held-out internal test set and a subset of the Digital Database for Screening Mammography. Our model achieved 0.97 (95% CI: 0.94-0.99) accuracy and 1.00 (95% CI: 1.00-1.00) area under the receiver operator characteristic curve on 264 internal testing mammograms, and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.77-0.86) accuracy and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82-0.91) area under the receiver operator characteristic curve on 70 external testing mammograms. This study confirmed the feasibility of using a DL model for fat-infiltrated LN classification. The model provides a practical tool to identify fatty LNs on mammograms and to allow for future large-scale studies to evaluate the role of fatty LNs as an imaging biomarker of obesity-associated pathologies. Our study is the first to classify fatty LNs using an automated DL approach.

NiSe nanoparticles decorated corn stalk derived 2D carbon nanosheet as separator modifier for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered as the most promising successors of lithium-ion batteries, however, the shuttle effect and sluggish reaction kinetics are the biggest obstacles hindering their commercialization. In this work, a kind of NiSe nanoparticles embedded in corn stalk-derived two-dimensional (2D) porous carbon nanosheet (NiSe@CSC) is constructed as a separator modifier for advanced Li–S batteries. The rich pore structure of the corn stalk-derived carbon nanosheets enables uniform distribution of NiSe and provides more deposition sites for lithium polysulfides (LiPS). Electrochemical analyses show that NiSe increases the affinity for LiPS to suppress the shuttle effect, thereby effectively preventing the corrosion of polysulfide on the lithium anode. NiSe@CSC is found to accelerate the redox conversion of sulfur species in the kinetic study. Consequently, the assembled Li–S cells with NiSe@CSC coating layer exhibit a high-rate performance of 710 mAh g−1 at 3 C and a low capacity attenuation rate of 0.046% per cycle after 800 cycles at 1 C. Furthermore, it can still maintain 2.8 mAh cm−2 at 0.5 C in near-commercial application scenarios of 4.1 mg cm−2 sulfur loading. The NiSe@CSC-based Li–Li symmetric cells also demonstrate stability and low overpotential in protecting the lithium anode. This combination of renewable biomass-based carbons and transition metal selenides enriches the exploration of biomass materials in separators and provides new ideas for designing practical Li–S batteries.

Ultra‐Stable Zinc Metal Anodes Enabled by Uniform Zn Deposition on A Preferential Crystal Plane

AbstractThe unsatisfactory electrochemical performance of Zn metal batteries (ZMBs) caused by uncontrollable Zn dendrite growth and detrimental parasitic reactions has significantly hindered their large‐scale applications. Herein, periodic hemispherical structures with a preferential exposure of Cu (100) crystal plane are designed and obtained using facile photolithography, which is followed by wet etching treatment. An exposed zincophilic Cu (100) crystal plane with low nucleation barriers acts as the preferred deposition site to induce homogeneous Zn deposition. Additionally, the periodic hemispherical structure with an enlarged surface area not only suppresses the Zn dendrite growth by reducing the local current density, but also synergistically buffers the volume expansion during the cycling process. As a result, the as‐prepared faceted Cu hemispherical electrodes achieve ultra‐stable Coulombic efficiency of over 99.9% for 1500 cycles at a current density of 5 mA cm−2. This work has significant potential for the rational design of dendrite‐free Zn anodes to boost their potential for practical applications.

Trawling for evidence: An ecosystem-based multi-method trawling impact assessment

Robust methods for assessing fisheries impacts are required to support evidence-based management and contribute to the assessment of protected areas. Under marine policies, such as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, effective management requires an understanding of impacts at the fisheries scale and needs to account for the responses of various benthic components. This study investigated the impacts of trawling for Nephrops and whitefish along the Northeast England coast, comparing, and assessing benthic communities and habitats at muddy sediment sites across a gradient of fishing pressure. An ecosystem-based sampling approach assessed macrofauna, meiofauna, and sediment characteristics by combining traditional and innovative methods, conducting a balanced assessment of the north-east England trawl fishery. Combining multiple methods effectively highlighted contrasting trends between infaunal size classes. Significant negative impacts of trawling pressure were observed on macrofauna and meiofauna richness, diversity, and community composition, and sediment compaction and oxygenation. Key metrics were comparatively assessed for their suitability for the detection of benthic disturbance, with recommendations discussed in relation to future monitoring.

Odor cues rather than personality affect tadpole deposition in a neotropical poison frog.

Animals constantly need to evaluate available external and internal information to make appropriate decisions. Identifying, assessing, and acting on relevant cues in contexts such as mate choice, intra-sexual competition, and parental care is particularly important for optimizing individual reproductive success. Several factors can influence decision-making, such as external environmental cues and the animal's own internal state, yet, we have limited knowledge on how animals integrate available information. Here, we used an entire island population (57 males, 53 females, and 1,109 tadpoles) of the neotropical brilliant-thighed poison frog Allobates femoralis to investigate how 2 factors (olfactory cues and personality traits) influence the ability of males to find and use new resources for tadpole deposition. We experimentally manipulated the location of tadpole deposition sites and their associated olfactory cues, and repeatedly measured exploration and boldness in adult males. We further reconstructed tadpole deposition choices via inferred parent-offspring relationships of adult frogs and tadpoles deposited in our experimental pools using molecular parentage analysis. We found that the discovery and use of new rearing sites were heavily influenced by olfactory cues; however, we did not find an effect of the measured behavioral traits on resource discovery and use. We conclude that in highly dynamic environments such as tropical rainforests, reliable external cues likely take priority over personality traits, helping individuals to discover and make use of reproductive resources.

Clinicopathological characteristics and its association with digestive system tumors of 1111 patients with Schistosomiasis japonica

Schistosomiasis japonicum can cause different degrees of organ damage and complex human immune pathological reactions, which often invade the intestine and liver. The purpose of this study was to explore the pathological types and pathological changes of Schistosomiasis and their correlation with some digestive system tumors. Hematoxylin eosin staining was performed on the diseased tissues of 1111 Schistosomiasis cases. We counted the deposition sites of Schistosoma eggs, analyzed the pathological characteristics, and compared the clinicopathological characteristics of Schistosomiasis associated digestive system tumors and non-Schistosomiasis digestive system tumors. We found that Schistosoma japonicum can cause multi organ and multi system damage, with 469 cases of inflammation, 47 cases of adenoma, and 519 cases of adenocarcinoma. Other types include cysts, stromal tumors, malignant lymphomas, and neuroendocrine tumors. Schistosomiasis associated tumors, including gastric cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer and rectal cancer, were compared with non-Schistosomiasis tumors. There were significant differences in age, gender and tumor differentiation between the two groups. Our study shows Schistosomiasis is a systemic disease, causing multiple organ and system damage in the human body. Its clinicopathological types are diverse, and there may be a pathological change process of “Inflammation-adenoma-carcinoma”. Schistosomiasis associated digestive system tumors differ from non-Schistosomiasis tumors in some clinicopathological features.

From the source to the sea − A regional study of Bronze Age depositions from eastern Funen, Denmark

Abstract Depositions from the South Scandinavian Bronze Age are traditionally associated with a landscape context that is restricted to division into field and bog finds. This obscures the important role of water as a location factor for depositions and the variation in the choice of deposition sites is not immediately clear. The starting point of the article is a period V multi-type deposition from Hedegyden near Nyborg, where an excavation has demonstrated that the deposition was placed at a spring. Together with more than 300 other Bronze Age depositions from the East Funen region in Denmark, relationships between the period’s depositions and the locations where they were placed in the landscape are examined chronologically and geographically, as well as within three partially overlapping water themes: in relation to springs – or places where water flows out, along watercourses and on the coast. In this study, especially the finds from springs should be highlighted, as a previously under-illuminated element of the Bronze Age wetland tradition.

Nanomaterial accumulation in boiling brines enhances epithermal bonanzas

Epithermal bonanza-type ores, characterized by weight-percent contents of e.g., gold and silver in a few mm to cm, are generated by mixtures of magmatic-derived hydrothermal brines and external fluids (e.g., meteoric) that transport a variety of metals to the site of deposition. However, the low solubilities of precious metals in hydrothermal fluids cannot justify the high concentrations necessary to produce such type of hyper-enriched metal ore. Here we show that boiling metal-bearing brines can produce, aggregate, and accumulate metal nanomaterials, ultimately leading to focused gold + silver ± copper over-enrichments. We found direct nano-scale evidence of nanoparticulate gold- and/or silver-bearing ores formed via nonclassical growth (i.e., nanomaterial attachment) during boiling in an intermediate-sulfidation epithermal bonanza. The documented processes may explain the generation of bonanzas in metal-rich brines from a range of mineral deposit types.

Salt solution etching to construct micro-gullies on the surface of Zn anodes enhances anodes performance in aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have caused significant research attention due to their low redox potential of 0.76 V, high theoretical capacity of 820 mAh g−1. However, the dendrite growth of zinc anode and the side reactions caused by water seriously affect the cycle life of AZIBs. To solve the above problems, a new method of etching zinc anodes with CuCl2 salt solution was designed, which the zinc anode was named CZn. The process resulted to a uniformly distributed micro gully morphology on the zinc surface, and providing an increased number of nucleation sites for zinc deposition and reducing local current density. The calculation results of exchange current density and activation energy show that CZn has stronger Zn/Zn2+ kinetic effect. At a current density of 5 mA cm−2 and an area capacity of 5 mAh cm−2, cycle life of the CZn symmetrical cell can reach 500 h, which is more than seven times that of the raw Zn symmetrical cell. This work proposes a simple method of zinc anode protection, which provides a new idea for zinc metal anode protection.

Surface evolution of AlGaN nanowire decorated by cesium atoms: A first principle study

Surface decoration with cesium on the photocathode is an effective method to reduce surface barriers and promote electron emission. In this study, we investigated the changes in surface properties of AlGaN nanowire coated with Cs atoms using first-principle calculations. The N bridge site is the most stable site for a single atom deposition. As more Cs atoms are deposited on the surface, the average adsorption energy increases along with the weakened ionization of Cs adatoms. The Bader charge of surface Al and Ga atoms undertake significant changes in comparison with tiny alteration of N atoms, especially for Al atom with a decrease of 0.41 |e|/atom. The variation in surface work function reaches a maximum of 2.3 ∼ 2.5 eV at Cs coverage of 0.5 ∼ 0.75 ML, which can be attributed to the synergistic effect of dipole length and charge redistribution. The donor states underneath CBM induced by the orbital overlap of Al-p, Ga-p and Cs-d electrons accompanied by the downward band bending in the band structures. This work provides theoretical insight into the surface evolution of Cs-decorated AlGaN nanowires and offers guidance for the development of state-of-the-art nanostructured vacuum devices.

Enabling cobblestone-like zinc deposition via uniform ZnSnO3 perovskite nanocrystal nucleus towards dendrites-free and high-rate zinc batteries

Although the plating/stripping mechanism of zinc metal anode brings high energy density for rechargeable aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs), zinc tends to plating/stripping along dendrite planes and induces severe parasitic reactions, which reduces its coulombic efficiency and shortens its cycling life. Here, uniform perovskite nanocrystals nucleus with rich-exposed ZnSnO3(111) as zinc deposition sites was prepared to achieve cobblestone-like zinc deposition. Due to the high lattice match rate (93.7%) of ZnSnO3(111) with Zn(002) and the moderating effect of ZnSnO3 nanocrystals on zinc deposition/dissolution, the zinc anode allows for 3D deposition/dissolution with a highly exposed Zn(002) facet (referred to as 3D-Zn), resulting in accelerated reaction kinetics. In symmetrical battery, the 3D-Zn exhibits an ultra-low polarization voltage of 15 mV at 1 mA cm−2 and a high exchange current density of 13.53 mA cm−2for Zn0↔Zn2+, indicating the 3D stripping/plating delivers fast kinetics process. A full cell with 3D-Zn anode and NaV3O8·H2O (NVO) cathode shows a stable CE (average value ~ 99.3%) at 0.5 A g−1. Moreover, the full cell with 3D-Zn anode still works up to 600 cycles at 3A g−1. This work provides new insights into the design of dendrite-free metal anodes with fast kinetics for high-rate and stable AZMBs.

Deceiving The Myths of Nanotechnology in Relation to Nanotoxicity

The toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) is a critical research topic in nanotechnology, as it is essential to understand thehazards posed by the wide spectrum of NPs that vary in shape, size, and composition. Previous reviews have yet to thoroughlyexplore the Biological Effective Doses of NPs, which drive toxicity and are influenced by factors such as solubility, charge, shape,contaminants, and the ability of NPs to translocate from the deposition site in the lungs. This review aims to fill the gap in theliterature by providing an overview of the possible toxicity of nanoparticles in zebrafish during growth stages, with a focus onoxidative stress, and exploring the available modes of toxicity that are relevant to conventional pathogenic particles. This reviewalso discusses the effects of nanomaterials on the reproductive system in animal models, providing insight into the potential toxicityof nanoparticles in humans. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the toxicity of nanoparticles and to criticallyexplore the challenges associated with implementing nanotechnology, particularly in the pharmaceutical development of noveltherapeutic products and regulatory issues. The review also considers recent uses and projected nanotechnology advancements,providing a basis for future research in this field. In conclusion, this review rectifies the lacunae in previously published reviews byproviding a comprehensive overview of the toxicity of nanoparticles and exploring the challenges associated with implementingnanotechnology. The aim and objective of this review are to provide a comprehensive understanding of the toxicity of nanoparticlesand to guide future research in this field.