Promoter Sites Research Articles

Embedded Classed and Raced Academic Capitalism in an Innovative “Solution” to College Costs: Income Share Agreements at two Public AAU Research Universities

College affordability concerns have led to new “solutions’’ for financing college costs, such as income share agreements (ISAs). Drawing on a racialized understanding of academic capitalism, we explore the intersection of higher education, markets, and the state in how ISAs are marketed by two public universities. We find ISAs are advertised as market-based solutions, framing universities as altruistic problem-solvers and students as philanthropic investors. Yet, we also find that institutions’ website promotion of ISAs is raced and classed, targeting current “traditional,” White, upper-middle class students. Finally, we compare institutional narratives to federal guidance regarding ISAs, revealing further blurring between the public sector and private marketplace.

Linguistic Features of Copywriting and Rewriting in the Field of Text Content for Corporate Websites: Semantic Aspect.

The study's relevance lies in the distinction between the cognitive processes of human readers and search robots, particularly the contextual understanding and relevance determination capabilities of modern search engines. This study aims to address contemporary challenges related to online textual content, specifically focusing on texts found on corporate websites and corporate blogs. The study employs a comprehensive approach to analyze the creation of texts, considering both copywriting and rewriting techniques. The analysis includes an examination of textual activity on corporate websites and blogs. The research methodology involves investigating linguistic and psycholinguistic aspects, as well as the principles underlying search engines and their role in organic website promotion. The study also delves into the nature of multimedia articles as a distinct format of online content. The major finding of this research lies in the proposed method for assessing the cognitive effectiveness of copywriting and rewriting. The study sheds light on the intricate interplay between multimedia articles and their textual components, showcasing their potential for impactful audience engagement. The analysis of internet copywriting and rewriting in the realm of marketing discourse reveals their significance for search engine tasks and user engagement. In conclusion, this research underscores the practical importance of understanding the cognitive effectiveness of texts generated through copywriting and rewriting. The findings emphasize the role of multimedia articles and their textual elements in influencing audience engagement online. The study highlights the crucial connection between internet copywriting, rewriting, and successful marketing discourse, optimizing content for search engines and enhancing user experience.

Physical Peculiarity of Two Sites in Human Promoters: Universality and Diverse Usage in Gene Function.

Since the discovery of physical peculiarities around transcription start sites (TSSs) and a site corresponding to the TATA box, research has revealed only the average features of these sites. Unsettled enigmas include the individual genes with these features and whether they relate to gene function. Herein, using 10 physical properties of DNA, including duplex DNA free energy, base stacking energy, protein-induced deformability, and stabilizing energy of Z-DNA, we clarified for the first time that approximately 97% of the promoters of 21,056 human protein-coding genes have distinctive physical properties around the TSS and/or position -27; of these, nearly 65% exhibited such properties at both sites. Furthermore, about 55% of the 21,056 genes had a minimum value of regional duplex DNA free energy within TSS-centered ±300 bp regions. Notably, distinctive physical properties within the promoters and free energies of the surrounding regions separated human protein-coding genes into five groups; each contained specific gene ontology (GO) terms. The group represented by immune response genes differed distinctly from the other four regarding the parameter of the free energies of the surrounding regions. A vital suggestion from this study is that physical-feature-based analyses of genomes may reveal new aspects of the organization and regulation of genes.

Alternative Forms of Tourism: A Comparative Study of Website Effectiveness in Promoting UNESCO Global Geoparks and International Dark Sky Parks

In the digital age, effective website promotion plays a pivotal role in attracting visitors to alternative forms of tourism. This study examines the websites of 177 UNESCO Global Geoparks and 190 International Dark Sky Parks, employing specific evaluation criteria essential for enhancing the promotion of alternative tourism forms such as geotourism and astronomical tourism. Our findings reveal that geopark websites adeptly promote geotourism through a diverse array of digital tools, with the potential for minor enhancements. In contrast, the majority of dark sky park websites exhibit limited visibility in the promotion of astronomical tourism. These identified criteria and results serve as crucial benchmarks for optimizing the websites of UNESCO Global Geoparks and International Dark Sky Parks, thus ensuring the comprehensive fulfillment of established promotional standards for alternative tourism destinations.

Phosphorus-substituted atomically dispersed Rh-N3P1 sites for efficient promotion in CO2 hydrogenation towards ethanol production

Ethanol synthesis through CO2 hydrogenation has shown great promise in contributing to carbon neutrality. Herein, we for the first time present the phosphorus-substitution of atomically dispersed Rh-N4 sites for the title reaction. The as-formed Rh-N3P1 sites enable the reaction product notably switching from nearly total methanol (91.3%) towards major ethanol (81.8%) with a high TOF of 420.7 h−1. This outstanding promotion in both ethanol formation and CO2 conversion (69% higher) could be assigned to the donation of electron from P atom effectively weakening C-O bond in CH3OH* , facilitating its cleavage into CH3 * , and enabling the coupling between CO* and CH3 * . The presence of Rh-P site pair assists C-O bond activation with a longer bond length owing to a strong affinity of P atom to O atom in CH3OH* . This research underscores the importance of tuning the coordination and electronic environment of active metal sites for site pair synergistic catalysis.

EGR1 Regulates SHANK3 Transcription at Different Stages of Brain Development

The expression levels of SHANK3 are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The dynamic changes in SHANK3 expression during different stages of brain development may impact the progression of ASD. However, no studies or detailed analyses exploring the upstream mechanisms that regulate SHANK3 expression have been reported. In this study, we employed immunofluorescence to examine the expression of SHANK3 in brain organoids at various stages. Our results revealed elevated levels of SHANK3 expression in brain-like organoids at Day 60. Additionally, we utilized bioinformatics software to predict and analyze the SHANK3 gene’s transcription start site. Through the dual luciferase reporter gene technique, we identified core transcription elements within the SHANK3 promoter. Site-directed mutations were used to identify specific transcription sites of SHANK3. To determine the physical binding of potential transcription factors to the SHANK3 promoter, we employed electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Our findings demonstrated that the transcription factor EGR1 regulates SHANK3 expression by binding to the transcription site of the SHANK3 promoter. Although this study did not investigate the pathological phenotypes of human brain organoids or animal model brains with EGR1 deficiency, which could potentially substantiate the findings observed for SHANK3 mutants, our findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between the transcription factor, EGR1, and SHANK3. This study contributes to the molecular understanding of ASD and offers potential foundations for precise targeted therapy.

OsNAC5 orchestrates OsABI5 to fine-tune cold tolerance in rice.

Due to its tropical origins, rice (Oryza sativa) is susceptible to cold stress, which poses severe threats to production. OsNAC5, a NAC-type transcription factor, participates in the cold stress response of rice, but the detailed mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that OsNAC5 positively regulates cold tolerance at germination and in seedlings by directly activating the expression of ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 5 (OsABI5). Haplotype analysis indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms in a NAC-binding site in the OsABI5 promoter are strongly associated with cold tolerance. OsNAC5 also enhanced OsABI5 stability, thus regulating the expression of cold-responsive (COR) genes, enabling fine-tuned control of OsABI5 action for rapid, precise plant responses to cold stress. DNA affinity purification sequencing coupled with transcriptome deep sequencing identified several OsABI5 target genes involved in COR expression, including DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR 1A (OsDREB1A), OsMYB20, and PEROXIDASE 70 (OsPRX70). In vivo and in vitro analyses suggested that OsABI5 positively regulates COR gene transcription, with marked COR upregulation in OsNAC5-overexpressing lines and downregulation in osnac5 and/or osabi5 knockout mutants. This study extends our understanding of cold tolerance regulation via OsNAC5 through the OsABI5-CORs transcription module, which may be used to ameliorate cold tolerance in rice via advanced breeding.

Designing a Promotional Media Website for Pottery Products Using the Waterfall Method

Background: Penujak Village is one of the oldest pottery tourism villages that has succeeded in providing pottery production for foreign collectors. After the Bali bombing incident, Penujak pottery experienced a decline, which could trigger several other factors, including the development of promotions. Promotions used by the Penujak community still use traditional word-of-mouth promotions.Objective: This research aims to create a website to help promote pottery products in Penujak Village. Methods: This research uses a qualitative approach with the waterfall system development method.Result: The research produced website promotion interval values of 29, 1 being > 26, 6 31, 2 which can be categorized as 4 = Agree.Conclusion: Pottery promotional media in the Penujak tourist village is suitable for use as promotional media. Tests were carried out on promotional media using usability theory with seven questions fulfilled.

Eosinophils Contribute to Oral Tolerance via Induction of RORγt-Positive Antigen-Presenting Cells and RORγt-Positive Regulatory T Cells.

Oral tolerance has been defined as the specific suppression of immune responses to an antigen by prior oral administration of the antigen. It has been thought to serve to suppress food allergy. Previous studies have shown that dendritic cells (DCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in the induction of oral tolerance. However, the detailed mechanisms of Treg induction in oral tolerance remain largely unknown. Eosinophils have been recognized as effector cells in allergic diseases, but in recent years, the diverse functions of tissue-resident eosinophils have been reported. Eosinophils in the intestine have been reported to induce Tregs by releasing TGF-β, but the role of eosinophils in oral tolerance is still controversial. In this study, we analyzed the roles of eosinophils in oral tolerance using eosinophil-deficient ΔdblGATA mice (mice lacking a high-affinity GATA-binding site in the GATA1 promoter). ΔdblGATA mice showed impaired antigen-induced oral tolerance compared to wild-type mice. The induction of RORγt+ Tregs in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) by oral tolerance induction was impaired in ΔdblGATA mice compared to wild-type mice. An increase in RORγt+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which are involved in RORγt+ Treg differentiation, in the intestine and MLNs was not seen in ΔdblGATA mice. Notably, the expansion of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), a subset of RORγt+ APCs, by oral tolerance induction was seen in wild-type mice but not ΔdblGATA mice. These results suggest that eosinophils are crucial in the induction of oral tolerance, possibly via the induction of RORγt+ APCs and RORγt+ Tregs.

Analysis of CenKR essentiality in Sinorhizobium meliloti and its activity at a target gene promoter in vivo.

The two-component regulatory system CenK-CenR has recently emerged as a regulator of cell envelope and cell division processes in the alpha-proteobacteria. In Sinorhizobium meliloti, CenK-CenR regulates the expression of SrlA, a thioredoxin-domain protein of unknown function. Deletion of srlA causes sensitivity to salt and oxidizing agents on solid growth medium. In this work, we report that the response regulator CenR, but not the histidine kinase CenK, is essential for cell viability in S. meliloti. We also demonstrate that phosphorylation of the target residue D55 is not required for viability, suggesting that the unphosphorylated transcription factor sufficiently regulates expression of one or more essential genes in the genome. Using transcription assays and phenotype testing we examine CenK-CenR-dependent activation of the srlA promoter and demonstrate its absolute dependence on phosphoryl-CenR for activity and that the CenR substitution D55E acts as a phosphomimetic that partially restores activity at the srlA promoter in the absence of phosphorylation by CenK. Finally, we report a mutational analysis of the CenR binding site in the srlA promoter required for transcriptional activation.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Website Sederhana di SMA Assaadah Pesantren Assaadah Puri Serpong Tanggerang Selatan

Website training can be one of the trainings that can be developed by students because with this training students have promising competency advantages. If students become graduate of school, they can later develop the website. If in the Islamic boarding school environment the graduate of school are spread across various regions and are trying in various fields, of course they need a website as a means of promotion. Moreover, now that many new business fields are being built, the need to create websites for promotion is increasing. However, sometimes the website training that is carried out does not develop as expected. The business being run is stagnant and even tends to decline. This is due to several things, namely technical aspects and management aspects. Partners in this PKM activity are SMA Assaadah Puri Serpong within the Assaadah Islamic Boarding School environment. Based on the results of observations and discussions with partners, there are several problems faced in the process of creating websites, databases, computer equipment, website design, execution processes and marketing websites that will be promoted to other parties. The absence of adequate technical knowledge of website training means that website training is carried out without proper planning and supervision. Another problem is that currently website hosting costs are expensive, which interferes with the website launching process. The solutions in this PKM activity are as follows: 1. Technical aspects: In accordance with the problems faced by partners, the solutions include: a. create a website creation material module guide. b. Selecting a computer with adequate specifications. c. by using applications that are simpler than other applications, namely HTML websites, PHP databases, WordPress hosting. 2. Management aspect: The solution is to provide business management training, including planning and control, both in the production and marketing aspects of a website that is ready to be launched.

Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms, TGF-β1 promoter methylation, and polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disease in women. Hyperandrogenaemia (HA) and insulin resistance (IR) are the basic pathophysiological characteristics of PCOS. The aetiology of PCOS has not been fully identified and is generally believed to be related to the combined effects of genetic, metabolic, internal, and external factors. Current studies have not screened for PCOS susceptibility genes in a large population. Here, we aimed to study the effect of TGF-β1 methylation on the clinical PCOS phenotype. In this study, three generations of family members with PCOS with IR as the main characteristic were selected as research subjects. Through whole exome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, TGF-β1 was screened as the PCOS susceptibility gene in this family. The epigenetic DNA methylation level of TGF-β1 in peripheral blood was detected by heavy sulfite sequencing in patients with PCOS clinically characterised by IR, and the correlation between the DNA methylation level of the TGF-β1 gene and IR was analysed. We explored whether the degree of methylation of this gene affects IR and whether it participates in the occurrence and development of PCOS. The results of this study suggest that the hypomethylation of the CpG4 and CpG7 sites in the TGF-β1 gene promoter may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS IR by affecting the expression of the TGF-β1 gene. This study provides new insights into the aetiology and pathogenesis of PCOS.

ARTS is essential for di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)-induced apoptosis of mouse Leydig cells

As an extensively employed plasticizer in industrial applications, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) can induce apoptosis of mouse Leydig cells, yet the precise mechanism remains elusive. In the current study, we identified that DEHP could specially induced apoptosis in the Leydig cells of the testis tissue, accompanied with the upregulation of apoptosis-related protein in the TGF-β signaling pathway (ARTS) in the cells. Overexpression of ARTS significantly induced apoptosis of TM3 cells, while knockdown of ARTS inhibited apoptosis. Furthermore, DEHP-induced apoptosis of TM3 cells could be alleviated by knockdown of ARTS, which indicated that ARTS was involved in DEHP-induced apoptosis of mouse Leydig cells. Bioinformation assay predicts that there are four potential p53-responsive elements (p53-REs) located at − 6060, − 5726, − 5631 and − 5554 before the transcription start site of ARTS gene, implying that gene transcription of ARTS could be regulated by p53. Interestingly, DEHP was shown to specifically upregulate the expression of p53 in the Leydig cells of the testis tissue and TM3 cells. Consistently, p53 was proved to bind to the RE4 site of the ARTS gene promoter and transcriptionally activated the promoter-driven expression of the luciferase reporter gene. Overexpression of p53 could induce apoptosis of TM3 cells; while knockdown of p53 could not only rescue DEHP-induced apoptosis of the cells, but also inhibit DEHP-caused upregulation of ARTS. Meanwhile, we showed that oxidative stress could induce apoptosis of TM3 cells, accompanied with the increased protein levels of p53 and ARTS; while inhibition of oxidative stress dramatically alleviated DEHP-induced apoptosis and the up-regulation of p53 and ARTS. Taken together, these results indicated that DEHP-induced oxidative stress activates the p53-ARTS cascade to promote apoptosis of mouse Leydig cells.

WTAP Mediated N6-methyladenosine RNA Modification of ELF3 Drives Cellular Senescence by Upregulating IRF8.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent posttranscriptional RNA modification, involved in various diseases and cellular processes. However, the underlying mechanisms of m6A regulation in skin aging are still not fully understood. In this study, proteomics analysis revealed a significant correlation between Wilms' tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP) expression and cellular senescence. Next, upregulated WTAP was detected in aging skin tissues and senescent human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Functionally, overexpressed WTAP induced senescence and knockdown of WTAP rescued senescence of HDFs. Mechanistically, WTAP directly targeted ELF3 and promoted its expression in an m6A-dependent manner. Exogenous-ELF3 overexpression evidently reversed shWTAP-suppressed fibroblast senescence. Furthermore, ELF3 induced IRF8-mediated senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) by binding to the (-817 to -804) site of the IRF8 promoter directly. In vivo, overexpression of WTAP evidently increased senescence cells in skin and induced skin aging. In summary, these findings revealed the critical role of WTAP-mediated m6A modification in skin aging and identified ELF3 as an important target of m6A modification in HDFs senescence, providing a new idea for delaying the aging process.

Constructing Persuasion in Tourism Promotion Websites: A Corpus-Assisted Study of Hyphenated Adjectives in English

Constructing Persuasion in Tourism Promotion Websites: A Corpus-Assisted Study of Hyphenated Adjectives in English

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ПОШУКОВОЇ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ЯК ОДНІЄЇ З ОСНОВНИХ СКЛАДОВИХ ІНСТРУМЕНТУ ЦИФРОВОГО МАРКЕТИНГУ

The rapid development of information technology, based on the principles of technological convergence, has led to the fact that sales through websites and online business have recently become particularly popular. You can attract the target audience to your website by using search engine optimization. Search engine optimization is the comprehensive development and promotion of a company's website to ensure that it reaches the top positions as a result of search engine results for selected queries, with the aim of increasing traffic and further generating income. The paper examines the technology of search engine optimization as one of the elements of digital marketing aimed at increasing the volume of online sales and improving the customer experience in using a company's website. It is substantiated that the higher the position of the site, the more users go to it. It is found that the following tasks are important for the results of website promotion: increasing the relevance of pages to search queries (relevance); optimization of structure and content; improvement of commercial factors; increasing external factors of resource significance. The paper notes that search engine optimization technology has great prospects for further use in business, as well as high efficiency in promoting goods or services and increasing sales through websites. The paper also considers a component that is part of the digital marketing system – search engine optimization SEO. SEO is the comprehensive strategy for developing and promoting a company's website to secure top positions in search engine results pages (SERPs) for relevant user queries. This strategic approach aims to dramatically increase website traffic, ultimately leading to enhanced sales and revenue generation. The process of creating a website optimization algorithm, which includes the necessary steps for internal and external optimization, is formulated, and a comparison of some Internet marketing tools is made. The paper also considers some theoretical issues of changing marketing technologies for interaction with customers in the digital environment.

EXPORT MARKETING AND CORPORATE WEBSITE: THE CASE OF SMEs FROM SERBIA

For small and medium firms the Internet represents an important low-cost gateway to the international markets. The corporate website is one of the prerequisites for developing a successful Internet marketing strategy. The corporate website enables companies to communicate with stakeholders worldwide, present the company's vision and mission, products and services, contact potential buyers, and sell internationally. Although SMEs highly rely on Internet marketing, academic research on exporters' website characteristics is rare. Against such a backdrop, the paper aims to analyse specific characteristics of the websites of small and medium-sized exporters from Serbia. Website content analysis of promotional and transactional website attributes was conducted on a sample of 120 small and medium-sized exporters from Serbia. Promotional website attributes are linked to marketing communication goals, with greater exporters recognition, and value-adding through customer support, interactivity, and personalisation. Transactional content refers to transaction-specific information. Results will enable a better understanding of small and medium firms' web capabilities and how SMEs utilise different website attributes in their export marketing strategy. The main managerial implications and implications for government export promotion strategy will be discussed.

Digital Transformation in The Luxury Industry: Strategies, Challenges, And Opportunities

With the rise of mobile Internet and social media, digital channels have become a new way of communication between enterprises and consumers. Digital marketing has replaced traditional marketing and become one of the most widely covered and most influential publicity models. The luxury goods industry is also facing tremendous changes and challenges while ushering in new opportunities. This article first introduces the different categories of digital marketing, including website promotion, search engine marketing, social media marketing, etc., and emphasizes the uniqueness and aesthetic requirements of luxury marketing. The paper further explores the key factors of digital marketing, including using big data to accurately position brand image and customers, learning and utilizing digital technologies, developing e-commerce, redefining luxury experience standards, selecting appropriate media platforms and online interactive activity design, and providing beneficial digital content to enhance customer interactions, implement omni-channel marketing, and more. Finally, the article emphasizes the need for luxury brands to integrate digital transformation into daily business operations and solve the challenges faced by digital acceleration, including budget allocation, digital talent recruitment and training, technology bottlenecks.

The Role of DNMT1 and C/EBPα in the Regulation of CYP11A1 Expression During Syncytialization of Human Placental Trophoblasts.

Progesterone synthesized in the placenta is essential for pregnancy maintenance. CYP11A1 is a key enzyme in progesterone synthesis, and its expression increases greatly during trophoblast syncytialization. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that passive demethylation of CYP11A1 promoter accounted for the upregulation of CYP11A1 expression during syncytialization with the participation of the transcription factor C/EBPα. We found that the methylation rate of a CpG locus in the CYP11A1 promoter was significantly reduced along with decreased DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression and its enrichment at the CYP11A1 promoter during syncytialization. DNMT1 overexpression not only increased the methylation of this CpG locus in the CYP11A1 promoter, but also decreased CYP11A1 expression and progesterone production. In silico analysis disclosed multiple C/EBPα binding sites in both CYP11A1 and DNMT1 promoters. C/EBPα expression and its enrichments at both the DNMT1 and CYP11A1 promoters were significantly increased during syncytialization. Knocking-down C/EBPα expression increased DNMT1 while it decreased CYP11A1 expression during syncytialization. Conclusively, C/EBPα plays a dual role in the regulation of CYP11A1 during syncytialization. C/EBPα not only drives CYP11A1 expression directly, but also indirectly through downregulation of DNMT1, which leads to decreased methylation in the CpG locus of the CYP11A1 promoter, resulting in increased progesterone production during syncytialization.

O-GlcNAc regulates the mitochondrial integrated stress response by regulating ATF4.

Accumulation of mitochondrial dysfunctional is a hallmark of age-related neurodegeneration including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Impairment of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms leading to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and increasing neuronal stress. Therefore, investigating the basic mechanisms of how mitochondrial homeostasis is regulated is essential. Herein, we investigate the role of O-GlcNAcylation, a single sugar post-translational modification, in controlling mitochondrial stress-induced transcription factor Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4). Mitochondrial dysfunction triggers the integrated stress response (ISRmt), in which the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α results in the translation of ATF4. We used patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, a transgenic mouse model of AD, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and HeLa cell-lines to examine the effect of sustained O-GlcNAcase inhibition by Thiamet-G (TMG) on ISRmt using biochemical analyses. We show that TMG elevates ATF4 protein levels upon mitochondrial stress in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and HeLa cell-lines. An indirect downstream target of ATF4 mitochondrial chaperone glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) is significantly elevated. Interestingly, knock-down of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), the enzyme that adds O-GlcNAc, in SH-SY5Y increases ATF4 protein and mRNA expression. Additionally, ATF4 target gene Activating Transcription Factor 5 (ATF5) is significantly elevated at both the protein and mRNA level. Brains isolated from TMG treated mice show elevated levels of ATF4 and GRP75. Importantly, ATF4 occupancy increases at the ATF5 promoter site in brains isolated from TMG treated mice suggesting that O-GlcNAc is regulating ATF4 targeted gene expression. Interestingly, ATF4 and GRP75 are not induced in TMG treated familial Alzheimer's Disease mice model. The same results are seen in a human in vitro model of AD. Together, these results indicate that in healthy conditions, O-GlcNAc regulates the ISRmt through regulating ATF4, while manipulating O-GlcNAc in AD has no effect on ISRmt.