Sister Units Research Articles

Some observations concerning reverse temper embrittlement and creep damage in a series of CrMoV steel turbine bolts after 120 000 h of service

This paper describes a detailed investigation which was specifically aimed at providing a simple practical assessment procedure which identified reverse temper embrittlement (RTE) in a series of high-pressure (HP) and intermediate-pressure (IP) CrMoV steel turbine bolts from two separate 120 MW sister units which had been subjected to 120 000 h of service. A small section of material was removed from a non-critical location from all 182 bolts. From this section the chemical composition, average hardness and prior austenite grain size were assessed. The toughness of selected bolts was measured by either (i) Charpy impact testing or (ii) Auger electron spectroscopy. It was established that grain size and bulk phosphorus content were the primary factors which consistently correlated with the embrittled condition. An embrittlement estimative diagram was established by plotting grain size d versus percentage phosphorus. This portrayed two distinct regions, namely an embrittled region and a non-embrittled regio...

Morale and its Components: A Cross‐National Comparison1

Two U.S. Army armored cavalry squadrons (N= 660), one in Europe (USAREUR), stationed on the East German border, and one in the continental U.S. (CONUS), were administered an English version of a questionnaire widely used in the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) to assess morale, cohesion and soldier perception of unit readiness for combat. Analysis of inter‐item correlations, including factor analyses, revealed a generally similar structure of morale in the U.S. units and a comparable IDF sample stationed along the Lebanon border (N= 1270). All three data sets were organized around a group factor, a leadership factor, and two individual factors, one personal and one professional. National differences were apparent with regard to the relationship between morale and perceived contribution to national security, confidence in weapons, and confidence in senior commanders. In several other respects the USAREUR unit resembled the IDF sample far more than it resembled its sister unit in the U.S. As a whole the data are consistent with the view that morale has relatively similar determinants across armies, but that both national characteristics and situational characteristics (e.g., proximity to a potential foe and/ or battlefield) play a role in the relative importance of these determinants.

The Great Astrolabe of Jaipur and its Sister Unit

The Great Astrolabe of Jaipur and its Sister Unit