Sinus Volume Research Articles

Resonance Effect of the Frontal Sinus on Ocular Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potential Recordings.

This study performed ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) test via Fpz bone vibration (termed Fpz-oVEMP) and Fz bone vibration (termed Fz-oVEMP) using a minishaker. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resonance effect of the frontal sinus on the oVEMP recordings, so as to establish an optimal clinical protocol for eliciting oVEMPs by bone vibration. Thirty healthy volunteers (15 children and 15 adults) and 15 adults with frontal sinusitis were enrolled in this study. All subjects underwent oVEMP test via Fpz and Fz bone vibration stimuli, and volume of the frontal sinus was measured by CT scan. Because healthy adults (3.20 ± 1.08 mL) had significantly larger frontal sinus volume than healthy children (2.04±1.87 mL), the former (100%) showed higher response rates of Fpz-oVEMP than the latter (30%), but not Fz-oVEMP. When the frontal sinus volume is >1.91 mL (approximately at the age of 14 years), Fpz-oVEMP displayed larger reflex amplitude than Fz-oVEMP did. In contrast, Fpz-oVEMP (30%) displayed lower response rate than Fz-oVEMP (73%) in patients with frontal sinusitis. Both developmental (frontal sinus volume) and pathological (frontal sinus inflammation) factors may affect the oVEMP responses via altering resonance function. For the developmental factor, frontal sinus volume >1.91 mL may initiate the resonance effect on oVEMPs, as evidenced by higher response rate with larger reflex amplitude of Fpz-oVEMP than Fz-oVEMP. For the pathological factor, frontal sinusitis may hamper the resonance effect on oVEMPs, as shown by the lower response rate of Fpz-oVEMP than Fz-oVEMP. Hence, oVEMP test may be performed via Fpz bone vibration first in healthy adults, while via Fz bone vibration first in children aged under 14 years or subjects with frontal sinusitis.

Morphometric study of the adult maxillary sinus using cone beam computed tomography

The aim of the study was to determine the range of maxillary sinus volume and linear dimensions in adults, taking into account the gender and the side of the location using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.This study used the CBCT images of 136 patients (263 maxillary sinuses), who were presented to Minsk health facilities, with dental and maxillary sinus pathologies, aged over 20 years with no history of upper jaw surgery and with the presence of upper posterior teeth (from the first premolar to the second molar inclusive). The height, depth and width of the sinus weremeasured manually on CBCT scans. The maxillary sinus volume (V) was calculated by the formula: V = height × depth × 1/3 width.The volume of the maxillary sinus was varied from 5.53 to 24.03 cm3. The mean values of the sinus width, height and depth were 27.13 ± 3.83 mm, 35.83 ± 4.36 mm, and 38.98 ± 3.38 mm respectively.Despite a high variability of the maxillary sinus volume values, we did not find a statistically significant difference between the right and left sides in both males and females. The maxillary sinus linear dimensions and volume in females were statistically significantly less than in males.

Anatomical Variants, Pneumatization Classification, and Volumetric Studies of the Sphenoid Sinus With High-Resolution Computed Tomography.

Aimed to explore the correlation between the volume of the sphenoid sinuses (SS) and sex, age, pneumatization and its anatomical variant types. Retrospectively evaluated high-resolution computed tomography images of 170 individuals; were studied by ITK-SNAP software to measure the volume of SS. The average volume of SS was a significant difference between the gender, the volume of SS in the elderly group (≥65 years old) showed a downward trend. The volume of the SS in the variants of the anterior clinoid processes, pterygoid processes, greater wings, and clivus were significantly higher than in the nonvariants (P < 0.05). With the expansion of pneumatization, the optic nerve (CNII) type 3-4, the internal carotid artery (ICA) type 2-3 and the septal insertion on the ICA have a larger volume, while the occurrence of septal insertion on only the CNII was not correlated with the volume (P > 0.05). The volume of SS is closely related to age, sex, the type of pneumatization and anatomical variation. High-resolution computed tomography can facilitate a precise study of anatomical variations and adjacent structures and help ensure the safety of an operation.

Evaluation of maxillary sinus volume in different craniofacial patterns: a CBCT study.

Few studies have compared the relationship of MSV in the different craniofacial patterns. Hence, the purpose of this research was to evaluate maxillary sinus volume in different craniofacial patterns using cone-beam computed tomography. This cross-sectional study included 100 pre-orthodontic patients mean aged 26.40 ± 6.77 (age ranged 21-64) years divided into different anteroposterior and vertical skeletal groups. From the cone beam computed tomography images using MIMICS 14.1 software, three-dimensional image of the maxillary sinus was constructed, and its volume was calculated. The mean maxillary sinus volume was 20,279.50 ± 7800.33mm3. Among the anteroposterior skeletal groups, the mean maxillary sinus volume in skeletal Class II group is significantly larger than class III group (P < 0.05). Among the vertical skeletal groups, High-angle groups tend to have the largest maxillary sinus volume, though there were no significant differences among the groups (P > 0.05). Similarly, males have significantly larger maxillary sinus volume than females (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between ANB and maxillary sinus volume (P < 0.01). Maxillary sinus volume is significantly larger in skeletal class II than in skeletal class III group and in males than in females (P < 0.05). These inferences have several implications in orthodontics, endodontics and oral surgery.

Volumetric measurements of paranasal sinuses and examination of sinonasal communication in healthy Shetland ponies: anatomical and morphometric characteristics using computed tomography

BackgroundDespite clinical importance and frequent occurrence of sinus disease, little is known about the size of paranasal sinuses and their communication in ponies and small horses. To examine the shape and volume of the paranasal sinuses and evaluate the sinonasal communication, three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of computed tomography (CT) datasets of 12 healthy adult Shetland ponies were performed and analysed. Linear measurements of head length and width were taken. Using semi-automatic segmentation, 3D-models of all sinus compartments were created. Volumetric measurement of the seven sinus compartments were conducted and statistical analysis was performed. Sinus volumes were compared between the left and right sinuses and the relation to age and head size was evaluated.ResultsStructure and shape of the paranasal sinus system in Shetland ponies was similar to that of large horses. All seven sinus compartments on each side of the head were identified (rostral maxillary sinus, ventral conchal sinus, caudal maxillary sinus, dorsal conchal sinus, middle conchal sinus, frontal sinus, sphenopalatine sinus). The existence of a bilateral cranial and a caudal system formed by a maxillary septum was visible in all 12 individuals. The volumetric sizes of the left and right sinuses did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). A positive correlation between the size of the paranasal sinuses and the head length was shown. A relation between sinus volumes and age could not be proved in adult ponies aged > six years. Communication between single sinus compartments was identified. Furthermore, communication with the nasal cavity over the nasomaxillary aperture (Apertura nasomaxillaris) and a common sinonasal channel (Canalis sinunasalis communis) as well as its splitting up into a rostral and a caudolateral channel could be seen. Examination of the sinonasal communication was challenging and only a descriptive evaluation was possible.ConclusionsOur findings concerning the size, shape and volumetric dimensions of Shetland pony CT images could help improve CT interpretation of abnormal clinical cases as well as aiding clinicians to develop and select appropriate instruments for medical inspection and treatments.

3D Volumetric Analysis and Anatomical Considerations for Sinus Bone Graft

The aim of this study is to evaluate anatomical considerations and assess the volume of the maxillary sinus bone graft. There were sixty-three patients (eighty-three sinuses) who had taken CT scans for implant surgery. Patients included those whose height of the residual alveolar bone was less than 5 mm. The position of posterior superior alveolar artery, the thickness of the maxillary sinus wall, and the volume of the maxillary sinus according to the amount of sinus floor elevation were measured. The mean vertical distance of posterior superior alveolar artery was 11.91 ± 4.79 mm from 3.03 mm to 24.05 mm. The mean thickness of the lateral wall was 1.71 ± 0.55 mm in the range of 0.74 mm to 3.93 mm. The volume of 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, and 10 mm from the sinus floor was 0.173 ± 0.11 cm3, 0.526 ± 0.25 cm3, 1.068 ± 0.43 cm3, and 2.184 ± 0.74 cm3 on average, respectively. The knowledge of the posterior superior alveolar artery position, the lateral wall thickness, and the volume of the maxillary sinus can help the clinician for sinus bone graft.

Frontal sinus as an identity and sex indicator

The sample consisted of 102 CT scan images from a modern Greek population. 50 (49%) were male and 52 (51%) were female. Ages ranged from 19 to 101 (mean age 70.6 for males and 69.6 for females). 3D models of the skull were constructed, and volume calculations of the frontal sinus were done with the software Amira 5.4. 10 CT scans were used to extract 2D frontal and lateral images that were used as proxies of antemortem X-rays which were matched to the CT scans using manual craniofacial superimposition. The average of frontal sinus volume of male was 9,220 mm3 (±SD) and female was 5,880 mm3 (±SD). Mann-Witney test confirmed that mean values were significantly different (P<0.05) between them. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed no evident correlation between the volumes and ages of the skulls in both groups. Using the lateral and anterior oriented radiographs for matching the sinuses, the method produced 60% sensitivity/99.32% specificity and 80% sensitivity/99.97% specificity, respectively. Even though there are statistically significant differences in the shape and volume between sexes, these are not sufficient to be used as an indicator of sex in worldwide populations. The results indicate that using the anterior view of the frontal sinuses is more consistent in human identification, and that the method proves to be reliable, as long as the sinus is adequately observed on the radiograph.

Quantitative evaluation of chronically obstructed kidneys from noncontrast computed tomography based on deep learning

ObjectiveTo quantitatively report renal parenchymal volume (RPV), renal sinus volume (RSV), and renal parenchymal density (RPD) for chronically obstructed kidneys from noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT). MethodsThis retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board of our hospital with a waiver of informed consent. We retrospectively collected 304 consecutive NCCT scans of urinary obstruction and constructed two datasets: one with 167 patient scans for parenchyma and sinus segmentation (segmentation dataset) and the other containing 137 scans from different patients diagnosed with chronic urinary obstruction (CUO dataset) and paired with split glomerular filtration rate (sGFR). A cascaded three-dimensional (3D) U-Net model was developed and validated for parenchyma and sinus segmentation. The RPV, RSV, and RPD of the CUO dataset were calculated by the model with manual editing. A multivariate analysis was performed to show the association between all parameters and the sGFR. ResultsIn the test dataset, the Dice values for parenchyma and sinus segmentation were 0.95 ± 0.04 and 0.90 ± 0.05, respectively. Compared with those of nonobstructed kidneys, the RSV and RPD of obstructed kidneys increased, but RPV and sGFR decreased (P < .001). For chronically obstructed kidneys, age (r = −0.292, P < .001), RPV (r = 0.849, P < .001), RSV (r = -0.331, P < .001), and RPD (r = −0.296, P < .001) were significantly correlated with sGFR. The fitted regression model was sGFR = 10.873−0.111 Age + 0.211 RPV - 0.022 RSV (r2 = 0.712). ConclusionsNCCT combined with deep learning has the potential to be a single radiological procedure for morphological and functional evaluation of chronically obstructed kidneys.

Three-dimensional linear and volumetric assessment of the maxillary sinus following posterior teeth extraction with implications for dental implant: A split mouth cross-sectional cone-beam computed tomographic study

Purpose: Maxillary sinus pneumatization is usually noted after posterior teeth extraction. The pneumatization occurs at the expense of the alveolar bone and may compromise the residual ridge dimensions for further procedures. This article aimed to assess three dimensionally the linear and volumetric changes of the maxillary sinus following posterior teeth extraction using a split mouth study design.Materials and Methods: Fifty cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans with unilateral missing molar(s) or premolar(s) were assessed. Linear craniocaudal measurement from the orbital floor to the maxillary alveolar ridge was noted, and the sinus volume was measured using 3Diagnosys software (v3.1, 3Diemme, Cantu, Italy) and compared between the test and control side. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired Student's t-test.Results: Linear dimensions of the maxillary sinus increased from 33.12 (±3.99) mm on the control side to 33.34 (±3.95) mm on the test side (P = 0.0005). An increase in the volume from 13.78 (±2.55) ml to 13.99 (±2.61) ml was observed in the control and test side, respectively (P = 0.0002).Conclusion: A significant increase in sinus dimension and volume is seen after posterior teeth extraction. This may hinder further implant-supported rehabilitative procedures in this region.

Volumetric Measurement of the MaxillarySinuses inNormal Sudanese using Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study

Introduction: Quantification of maxillary sinus volumes might be a complicated and annoying process, but it is beneficial for clinicians, for example, but not limited to plastic and maxillofacial reconstruction, and artificial implants rehabilitation. Its volumetry may alter by many factors and may exhibit diversity. Aim: To determine the relationship of age and gender to the volume of the maxillary sinus in normal Sudanese subjects, and to verify if there is diversity bilaterally in both sexes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Radiology, Royal Care Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, during the period from August 2018 to July 2019. It consisted of Computed Tomography (CT) images of adults aged more than 17 years from both genders of Sudanese subjects, who underwent a CT scan of the Paranasal Sinuses (PNS) that showed positive clinical signs and symptoms, and proved to be normal. The obtained data was statistically analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. A paired-sample t-test was applied to compare between the volume of the right and left maxillary sinuses. An independent t-test was used to evaluate the relations between the gender and the volume of the maxillary sinuses. Pearson’s r test used to find possible correlation between age and maxillary sinuses volume. Results: A total of 81 CT images (46 males and 35 females, aged 17-78 years) were studied. There is negative correlation between age and maxillary sinuses volume. The advancement of age seems to reduce the size of the maxillary sinuses in male and female groups (r=-0.029; p=0.9, and r=-0.313; p=0.07, respectively). Conversely, gender had no significant effects in the maxillary sinuses volume (p=0.9). The mean total volume of the maxillary sinuses in male and female was 38.70±12.12 cm3 and 38.34±11.50 cm3, respectively. When bilaterally compared there was no significant differences were found in its volume in either sex {Male (p=0.07), female (p=0.11)}. Conclusion: The combination of CT scanning with the Cavalieri principle is a direct and accurate technique that can be safely applied to estimate the volume of the maxillary sinuses. Additional large prospective studies might be required to support the findings of this study.

Automated system of the determination of maxillary sinus morphometric parameters

Was to compare manual, semi-automatic and automatic methods for determining the maxillary sinus volume using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT images from 48 patients (96 maxillary sinuses) with no history of sinus and alveolar bone surgery, who were presented to Minsk medical centers, were used in this study. Neural network training was performed on CBCT scans of 42 patients (84 maxillary sinuses).The height, depth and width of the sinus were measured manually on CBCT scans of 6 patients (12 maxillary sinuses). Maxillary sinus volume (V) was calculated by the formula: V=height´depth´1/3 width. Semi-automatic segmentation was carried out by an expert radiologist. The convolutional neural network technology was applied for maxillary sinus automatic segmentation. The largest values were revealed by using the automatic method for sinus volume measurement. These values were within the 95% confidence interval (±4.29 cm3) of the average sinus volume obtained from semi-automatic method. The data obtained using the convolutional neural network technique (artificial intelligence) has a high correlation with the results of sinus morphometric analysis acquired through manual and semi-automatic methods. Automatic maxillary sinus segmentation technique does not require special user knowledge. This method is reproducible and it is implemented in a short time interval.

Evaluation of the maxillary sinus volume and dimensions in different skeletal classes using cone beam computed tomography

Aim: The extension of the maxillary sinus is an important issue for fixed orthodontic treatments and maxillofacial surgery. The aim of this study is to investigate the dimensions and volume of the maxillary sinus in different skeletal classes and, also the effect on the anteroposterior growth pattern of the maxilla.Materials and Methods: The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 48 patients were obtained from the archive of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology. The CBCT images were taken prior to orthognathic surgery for the surgical planning of all patients. According to the sagittal skeletal position of the maxilla, the patients were divided into three groups: normal maxilla group, retrognathic maxilla group and, prognathic maxilla group. Dimensional and volumetric measurements of the maxillary sinus were performed by the same oral and maxillofacial radiologist.Results: Although no statistical difference was observed between different skeletal groups regarding the maxillary sinus dimensions and volume, the results did show that there was an inverse and statistically significant correlation between the left maxillary sinus width and age (p0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between males and females for the width, height, and depth of right maxillary sinus, the right maxillary sinus volume, the height and depth of left maxillary sinus.Conclusion: In conclusion, for orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons, the dimensional and volumetric measurements performed by CBCT act as a pathfinder role in the insertion of miniscrews, orthodontic tooth movement through the maxillary sinus, and the orthognathic surgeries such as Le Fort osteotomies.

Three-dimensional evaluation of maxillary sinuses in the Turkmen population, North of Iran

Introduction: Understanding the variation in the size and shape of the paranasal sinuses in detail is a clinically relevant matter for sinusitis patients. This study was performed to determine the right and left maxillary sinus dimensions by computed tomographic (CT) scan based on gender in the Turkmen ethnic groups in Gorgan, northern Iran. Material and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 100 Turkmen subjects (50 males and 50 females) aged 18–45 were measured with 2 mm and 3 mm slices in the coronal and Axial Planes by the CT scanner SOMATOM Emotion of the multi-slice from the SIEMENS model and using the “Syngo software Siemens.” Results: Maximum width, height, and volume of right and left maxillary sinuses in the Turkmen ethnic group were more in males than females (P

Клиническое наблюдение двух пациентов с синдромом молчащего синуса

SMS is a rare pathology of the paranasal sinuses, accompanied by such symptoms as pain in the eye area, enophthalmos and hypophthalmos on the side of the localization of the process, facial asymmetry caused by a decrease in the volume of the maxillary sinus due to its atelectasis in the presence of chronic inflammation in it. The disease, as a rule, proceeds under the primary diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. The main pathogenetic link of the disease is generally accepted as the block of the anastomosis and the emergence of the valve mechanism of ventilation of the maxillary sinus. However, the immediate cause of the onset of atelectasis remains a subject of discussion to this day. The only effective surgical treatment is to restore ventilation of the maxillary sinus by expanding the anastomosis and eliminating the cause of its block. With a pronounced asymmetry of the face due to the lowering of the orbit, the plastic of the lower wall of the orbit is performed. The article discusses modern ideas about the silent sinus syndrome, its etiology, pathogenesis, clinical course and treatment tactics for patients, presents two clinical observations of patients with silent sinus syndrome and describes the options for surgical treatment and its results.

Maxillary Sinus Volume in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients with and without an Oronasal Fistula using CBCT

Introduction Formation of oronasal fistula is a common complication after surgical closure of cleft lip and palate (CLP). This study aimed to compare the maxillary sinus volume in 9-12-year-old CLP patients with and without an oronasal fistula who had undergone surgical closure of the cleft at 1 year of age, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methodology This descriptive, cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted on CBCT scans of 50 patients with unilateral CLP who were between 9-12 years and had undergone surgical closure of the cleft at 1 year of age in two groups with and without an oronasal fistula (n=50). The patients were selected among those presenting to a private orthodontic office between 2001-2009 and already had CBCT scans taken for orthodontic treatment. The 3D CBCT scans were reconstructed with Mimics software, and the volume of the maxillary sinuses was measured on the images. Data were compared using t-test. Results The maxillary sinus volume was significantly smaller in patients with oronasal fistula compared with those without it (9510.7±492 mm3 vs. 10278.2±512 mm3, P&lt;0.000). The maxillary sinus of the affected side was smaller than that of the unaffected side in both groups of patients with and without an oronasal fistula (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion IImmature patients with unilateral CLP and oronasal fistula have a smaller maxillary sinus than unilateral CLP patients without an oronasal fistula, and may be at higher risk of respiratory infections.

Planning of sinus lift on patients with maxillary mucous retention cysts of various sizes on an outpatient appointment

According to the literature, maxillary mucous retention cysts are a common finding in screening studies. They are incidentally found in 12.4—22% of people with CT examinations of the maxillary and are often asymptomatic. There is still no consensus on the symptomatology of maxillary mucous retention cysts. Objectives — identification of maxillary mucous retention cysts in patients at the initial visit: 1) study the clinical manifestations and radiological features of the maxillary mucous retention cysts depending on the size of the cysts; 2) identify the symptoms of retention cysts depending on the size of the cysts; 3) analyze the size of the cysts, age and gender prevalence, multiplicity and loneliness of retention cysts; 4) study the likelihood of recurrence of retention cysts after their removal; 5) study the effect of cysts on the sinus lift. Materials and methods. Clinical and screening studies were performed in 940 patients who came to the clinic in 2019. Thus, 1880 maxilla sinuses were examined. Patients underwent X-ray examinations and anamnesis. Results and conclusions. The results of the study allow us to conclude that there is no significant symptoms in the presence of maxillary mucous retention cysts. Retention cysts, as a rule, are an accidental finding on CBCT when examining the dento-maxillary system and planning a sinus lift. It is very important to take anamnesis for the prognosis of the postoperative course after the sinus lift. In cases of small cysts (up to 1/3 of the size of the maxilla sinus) detachment and elevation of the Schneiderian membrane together with the retention cyst is possible. There is no need to remove small retention cysts, since the contents of the cyst are sterile. The presence of a retention cyst does not affect the postoperative course and the results of the sinus lift. In cases of large cysts (from 1/2 the volume of the maxilla sinus and more), the operating surgeon must decide to remove the cyst during the operation in order to prevent obstruction of the anastomosis after sinus lift.

Comparison of Maxillary Sinus, Orbital and Frontal Sinus Volumes between Left and Right Sides in Hemifacial Microsomia

Comparison of Maxillary Sinus, Orbital and Frontal Sinus Volumes between Left and Right Sides in Hemifacial Microsomia

ARE MAXILLARY AND SPHENOID SINUS VOLUMES PREDICTORS OF GENDER AND AGE? A CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY STUDY

Objectives:This study aimed to analyze the role of maxillary sinus (MS) and sphenoid sinus (SS) volumes for determining gender and age. Materials and methods: This retrospective study enrolled the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 164 MS and 164 SS belonging to 82 patients (40 females and 42 males). Right MS, left MS, right SS, left SS, total SS and total MS volumes were estimated. In order to analyze the role of the volumes for determining age and gender, independent samples test, logistic regression analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis were performed. Results: Males had greater right SS, average SS, and total SS volumes than females (p=0.007, p=0.013, p=0.013, respectively). Right SS volume had the best predictive power (65.9%) for determining gender, and the only significant regression model could be modeled using this parameter. No significant correlation was found between age and any volume (p&amp;gt;0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that SS volume is a valuable tool for determining gender whereas neither MS nor SS were decisive in determining age. A simpler gender determination is possible with our regression formula incorporating the SS dimension. There is a need for further studies analyzing the role of paranasal sinus volumes and formulations ensuring a simple estimation for determining age and gender among different patient populations.

Volumetric and linear evaluation of the sphenoidal sinus of a Brazilian population, in cone beam computed tomography

The determination of sex from skeletal remains has been widely used in biological profile reconstruction since these are some of the last structures to perish after death. The sphenoid sinus is located deeply in the skull and is enveloped by diverse structures within the sphenoid body. It is, therefore, less predisposed to injuries and/or pathological changes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of determining sex in a Brazilian population by means of linear and volumetric measurements of the sphenoid sinus, in addition to identifying and quantifying the presence of extensions of this sinus in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. In total 268 CBCT scans were analysed, from patients aged between 22 and 70 years old, of which 145 were female, and 123 were male. The images, representative of a Brazilian population, were selected by a dental radiologist from a CBCT image bank. The volumetric measurements were made by means of the segmentation software ITK-SNAP 3.0® and the linear inferio-superior, latero-lateral and anteroposterior measurements, as well as the presence of extensions of the sphenoidal sinus, were made using the CS Imaging Software®. The results of this study suggested that when comparing men and women, there were no statistical differences in the linear measurements and extensions of the sphenoidal sinus, although the values were considerable in the extensions for the pterygoid processes and greater wings of the sphenoid bone, particularly in women. However, there was a statistically significant difference when the sphenoidal sinus volume was compared, as it was larger for men (11.364 mm³ ± 4.229 mm³) than for women (10.000 mm³ ± 3.615 mm³). In summary, the sphenoidal sinus volumetric measurements in CBCT exams are useful for determining the sex of unknown individuals.

Relation between paranasal sinuses and surrounding bone tissue

Introduction. The formation and increase in volume of the paranasal sinuses occurs during the growth and development of the facial skull. Pneumatization of the sinuses and bone architectonics can have the variability. Understanding of the midfacial bones architectonics is a key to successes in osteosynthesis, reconstructive, orthognathic surgery, dental and maxillofacial implantation.The aim. Study the individual features of the normal anatomical structure and architectonics of the midfacial bones and to develop the objective criteria for assessing the relationship between bone elements and airways using methods of computed tomography.Materials and methods. 30 patients spiral computed tomograms with no signs of pathology were analyzed. Relations between volume and surface of the bony elements and airways, the ratio between the volume of bone and air cavities pneumatization index (PI) were determined.Results. PI ranged from 0.8 to 1.9 and averaged 1.22 ± 0.29. Range from 0.9 to 1.5 was considered a normal ratio. Index values exceeding 1.5 indicated a sclerotic type of the midfacial bone structure, and less than 0.9 indicated a pneumatic type.Conclusions. The anatomical structure, architectonics of the midfacial bones and the degree of their pneumatization are characterized by significant individual variability. For an objective integrated assessment of the bone architectonics of the midfacial area the ratio of the bone volume to the volume of the airways (PI) and the volume of bone to its surface area can be used.