Sinking Ship Research Articles

Documenting the First Three U.S. Aircraft Discovered in Truk Lagoon from Operation Hailstone (February, 1944)

AbstractOperation Hailstone, conducted on 17–18 February 1944, was a major battle between the United States fast carrier Task Force 58 against the forward operating naval base of the Imperial Japanese Navy at Truk Lagoon (modern-day Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia). The battle saw devastating losses for the Japanese forces with over 4500 casualties, over 50 ships sunk and over 250 planes lost. Because the battle losses were so skewed, the United States losses are often understated or overlooked. Thirty-five U.S. service members were killed with as many as 17 aircraft lost, with further losses in subsequent attacks. Despite Truk Lagoon’s status as a premier dive destination since the mid-1960s, no American aircraft from this battle or subsequent raids on the Chuuk atoll have been located in the lagoon prior to the surveys reported here. In an effort to locate remains of American service members still missing in action from this battle (35 from Operation Hailstone and as many as 225 from subsequent attacks and bombing missions on the atoll), we applied both knowledge from historical archives and advanced underwater robotics to survey large sections of the lagoon for these lost aircraft. With over 75 km2 surveyed, we located three American aircraft lost in Truk Lagoon during Operation Hailstone; two Douglas SBD-5 Dauntlesses and either a Grumman TBF or TBM Avenger. Here, we document these sites and link each to the detailed historical accounts of their loss. Each of these aircraft is known to have been crewed by service members still missing in action. This work underscores the American losses during Operation Hailstone and sheds light on the more than 72,000 service members still missing in action from World War II.

A Review on Elizabeth Holmes and her Sinking Ship’s Backstory

The scandalous fraud of the Theranos company and every step taken by its founder, Elizabeth Holmes, is well known in the media. In order to learn more about this topic and identify areas in which the company's management has fallen short, a variety of articles, newsletters, and papers were examined. The whole story of this enterprise was told by carefully putting in context what happened to Holmes in the workplace and in her personal life. In college, when she met Balwani, a romantic partner and important member of Theranos' management, the Stanford dropout began working on her company idea. Both were convicted of offenses connected to this type of business management. Five essential questions, as outlined by Lafley & Martin (2023), encapsulate the decision cascade that should be incorporated into any business plan. This essay attempts to explain Theranos' decision-making process in light of these considerations, complementing it with the strategic view defined by Porter’s five forces. The facade of success that made it possible for investment to keep coming in while the technology did not make any progress was analysed too, divided into two parts: red flags and Elizabeth’s crafted discourse about the company. Through this article, it is easy to conclude that Theranos’ mismanagement was responsible for its collapse. With all that said, the following questions remain: Is there a bright future after a huge mistake? Perhaps a second attempt to help people with no ulterior motives? What will happen next? What can be expected?

Comprehensive analysis of ship sinking accidents using Bayesian network

ABSTRACT Sinking accidents can cause catastrophic losses in human, economic resources and environmental damage. Sinking accidents are one of the most common maritime accidents that occur in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the cause-and-effect probability of ship sinkings in Indonesian waters. Bayesian Network method and accident factor level are used to analyze the causal factors of ship sinking accidents. The results found that the Loss of Stability of the vessel is the most sensitive node. An additional take from the investigated sinking is that half of the accidents occurred on passenger vessels, and ships over 25 years old are prone to sinking due to corrosion and lack of proper maintenance. While 70.5% of accident caused by human error that is majorly triggered by unsafe acts. The real-case analysis also performed in this study reveals that eliminating Human Error and ship’s associated factors can reduce the probability of sinking by 17.2%.

From A Supervisor To A Plantation Owner

The looming financial crisis threatened to transform Mr. Rostam's thriving agribusiness into a sinking ship, casting a shadow of uncertainty over his entrepreneurial dreams. The once-promising future now appeared murky and fraught with challenges, leaving him to navigate the business desperately to keep his venture afloat. It is a test of resilience, innovation, and unwavering determination as he grapples with the harsh realities of an uncertain market. With limited resources, he coped with more of the challenges of a struggling business. The road ahead seemed daunting, with uncertainty lurking at every turn. Mr. Rostam pondered over the situation, feeling the weight of responsibility on his shoulders; he muttered, "The business has reached the critical point, and failure was not an option”. Mr. Rostam has to look for the right opportunity and decide about taking the next big leap of faith to start his next agriculture business venture. Terengganu Agrotech Development Corporation Sdn. Bhd. (TADC) looking for proposals to develop a large palm oil plantation farm in Terengganu state. Mr. Rostam has to develop the right plan with a partner that can invest in the proposed corporate farming project.

Deliberate Starvation: Hunger Artists in Kafka, Różewicz, and Sinking Ship

How can a negative action, the decision to abstain from food, be enacted on stage? Examining hunger as a conscious choice to avoid food for spectacle rather than an unwanted need arising from lack of basic nourishment, this article illustrates several ways to make hunger visible in performance. Through the critical lens of actor-network theory (ANT), hunger’s apparently scarce dramatic action is shown to be framed by and networked with the performance of several other human and non-human actors. Case studies chart a process of “translation” of the typical hunger artist performance from its historical examples to its contemporary theatre-within-the-theatre adaptations. In the West, self-inflicted starvation became a form of entertainment more distinctly in the late nineteenth century, when living skeletons and hunger artists were shown at circuses, fairs, and amusement parks, and produced income for themselves and their impresarios. Franz Kafka’s short story “Ein Hungerkünstler” (“A Hunger Artist,” 1922) looked back at the history of the profession, identifying the main components of the spectacle of hunger. Polish playwright Tadeusz Różewicz turned the short story into a play, Odejście głodomora (The Hunger Artist Departs, 1977), exploring the potential for dialogic interactions at the textual level and developing side-characters only implied by Kafka. By contrast, the contemporary NYC-based company Sinking Ship created A Hunger Artist (2017), an adaptation that expanded the short story’s theatricality around a single performer who plays multiple characters with the aid of all the resources of theatre, from puppets to audience members “enrolled” in the show.

Exploring The Islamic Concept of Al-Laqit (Abandoned Children Without Document / Foundling) According to Syeikh Daud Bin Abdullah Al-Fatani In The Manuscript Of “Sullam Al-Mubtadi”

The impacts of war, natural disasters like tsunamis and large floods, sinking of illegal immigrant boats and ships in the ocean, social problems, and the lack of education, especially in third-world countries have given rise to the number of abandoned or dumped children without documents who are known as foundlings. In this regard, these children are considered as children ‘found’ or picked up from the street as their, their parents and their next of kin’s names are unknown due to the lack of identification, documentation or possessions with them when they were found. They are known as (Al-Laqit) in Islam. This study aims to study the definition & term of Al-Laqit (abandoned children or foundling) from the perspective of the jurisprudence and the views of the 4 schools of madhabs as well as a “comparison” of debate of Al-Laqit as written by Sheikh Daud Bin Abdullah Al-Fatani in his book "Sullam Al-Mubtadi". Qualitative methodology based on literature review is applied to detail this matter. The findings and out-comes of this study revealed that Sheikh Daud Bin Abdullah Al-Fatani explained the concept of Al-Laqit in his work based on Shariah.

A history of strategies and a tapestry of triumphant tales in tackling plant fungal diseases

AbstractEver since the first crops were domesticated over 10,000 years ago, pests and pathogens have wreaked havoc on crop production. Despite diverse threats from longstanding and emerging diseases, plants continue to play a central role in meeting humanity's requirements for calories and nutrients. In this review, we discuss historical advances made by plant pathologists and breeders that have helped keep many plant diseases at bay. We focus predominantly on fungal diseases of five food crops—rice, wheat, maize, soybean and potato—that provide the bulk of calories consumed globally. We cover such historical triumphs in plant pathology as (i) advanced knowledge of fungal biology revolutionizing disease management strategies, (ii) integration of genetics by the ‘wheat wizard’ Rowland Biffen and others transforming the landscape of resistance breeding and (iii) the advent of modern fungicides—from a sinking ship in the 1660s—leading to dramatic yield enhancements. We also discuss (iv) the potential for emerging biocontrol agents to holistically promote plant health and yield. Today, the high homogeneity of crops in modern agricultural systems exacerbates yield losses due to disease by increasing pest/pathogen transmission rates and eroding natural spatial barriers to pest/pathogen dispersal. Meanwhile, climate change is altering the compositions of global pest and pathogen populations and expanding pest/pathogen territories with unpredictable consequences. As we look to the future, the strength of the plant pathology community remains central to developing innovative solutions to tackle these complex and expanding threats to plant health and secure a plentiful food supply.

Evacuation strategies for wrecked pedestrians considering emotional contagion and safety officers

Evacuation in shipwrecks remains challenging, and there is a gap in research related to the consideration of emotional changes in pedestrians and the role of safety personnel on passenger ships. The present strategy may be the first work in the dual-model (SIS model and social force model) related research to synthesize the pedestrian's multi-emotional changes and the safety officer's role and movement rules in the shipwreck scenario. We employed a multifactorial two-model approach to enhance the realism of evacuation outcomes during re-sinking scenarios, including pedestrian mood, safety officer, and ship tilt. Our findings reveal critical thresholds for emotion transmission, except for exit width and pedestrian density, where a few people transmitting emotions have minimal effects. Negative emotions beyond a certain threshold can disrupt evacuation and lead to casualties, while positive emotions contribute to smoother evacuations with fewer casualties. Furthermore, optimizing the safety officer's position and action strategy can alleviate the negative feelings of pedestrians and facilitate an orderly evacuation, positively affecting the evacuation outcome, especially in the case of a sinking ship with an increasingly severe angle of inclination. This study provides a valuable framework for improving evacuation safety and minimizing casualties during maritime emergencies.

Flotsam and Jetsam.

The time-based piece “Flotsam and Jetsam” is a stop-motion video that refers to a beach walk and shows hundreds of collected Plastic pieces at different paces floating, appearing and disappearing on the screen. The title refers to 17th-century sailing terminology for materials or goods floating on the water after wreckage or released to lighten a sinking ship. These terms reflect on the found plastic objects and their appearance as floating and stranded goods, the aftermath of the streams of consumer goods discharged into our oceans, disappearing into an unknown future calling out SOS into the world of petrocaptialism. The viewer is invited to discover plastic garbage metamorphosing during the process of stop-motion animation into mysterious forms but also familiar objects passing by. Through different paces, the found objects appear as uncanny, artificial creatures, haunting us and our entanglement with plastic.
 https://vimeo.com/826981036

The Arbitration Exclusion under the Brussels Regime: A Story of Colliding and Sinking Ships

‘O Captain! My Captain! our fearful trip is done’. In Walt Whitman’s poem ‘O Captain! My Captain!’, the ship arrived at the harbour with cheering crowds awaiting its arrival. In contrast, the ships on which the arbitration exclusion sailed under the Brussels Regime were assigned a different destiny. They either ran into collisions or sank to the bottom of the ocean. In this regard, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) was requested to rule on the scope of the arbitration exclusion. In particular, the absence of a definition of the term ‘arbitration’ gave rise to uncertainty and controversy which the CJEU was asked to resolve. The approach that the CJEU pursued to resolve this issue changed significantly throughout the history of the arbitration exclusion, reflecting the CJEU’s growing mistrust towards arbitration. This has left a mark on the arbitration landscape within the European Union (EU) that has earned criticism from the international arbitration community. In the wake of the CJEU’s most recent ruling concerning the arbitration exclusion, and the following reaction of the English High Court, this article evaluates whether the arbitration exclusion has followed the ships on which it sailed to the bottom of the ocean, or whether it was handed a lifebelt for its continued existence. Arbitration, Litigation, Award, Arbitration Exclusion, European Union, Brussels I Recast, European Court of Justice, Parallel Proceedings, West Tankers, London Steamship Owners

Time Pattern of Presentation of Victims of High-Speed Passenger Ferry Mass Casualty Incidents to the Emergency Department.

Mass Casualty Incidents (MCIs) involving high-speed passenger ferries (HSPFs) may result in the dual-wave phenomenon, in which the emergency department (ED) is overwhelmed by an initial wave of minor injuries, followed by a second wave of more seriously injured victims. This study aimed to characterize the time pattern of ED presentation of victims in such accidents in Hong Kong. All HSPF MCIs from 2005 to 2015 were reviewed retrospectively, with the time interval from accident to ED registration determined for each victim. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify independent factors associated with the time of ED presentation after the accidents. Eight MCIs involving 492 victims were identified. Victims with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 9 had a significantly shorter median time interval compared to those with minor injuries. An ISS ≥ 9 and evacuation by emergency service vessels were associated with a shorter delay in ED arrival, whereas ship sinking, accident at nighttime, and a longer linear distance between the accident and receiving ED were associated with a longer delay. The dual-wave phenomenon was not present in HSPF MCIs. Early communication is the key to ensure early resource mobilisation and a well-timed response.

Mechanisms of hydrodynamic parameters regulating sinking volume in ship navigation

Abstract Ships navigating in the water need to consider their safety first, and the abnormal sinking amount of the ship will be a great threat to the navigation safety of the ship. In this paper, the relationship between hydrodynamic parameters and ship sinking amount is studied in order to realize the reasonable control of the ship by setting different hydrodynamic parameters so as to ensure the safety of ship navigation. Through Taylor’s formula to calculate the hydrodynamic parameters of the ship navigation, and through the combination of potential flow theory and boundary conditions, finally using Green’s function method in the surface element method, it is calculated that the sinking amount of the ship from hydrodynamic parameter 35000 to hydrodynamic parameter 3200000 is a gently increasing trend, and in the case of h/d=2.5, the ship’s speed Fn=0.25, the ship’s sinking amount appears to be oscillating changes.

LOSING STEAM: THE DEMISE OF THE “JAPANESE DREAM” AMONG PROSPECTIVE INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

Much like immigration, reasons to study abroad often relate to push and/or pull factors. Although attractive programs and courses can be major pulls for some prospective international students, financial matters such as tuition, living costs, and pathways to employment also have a significant influence. Since 2010 when Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) initiated projects and activities to promote the internationalization of universities, the number of inbound international students in Japan was steadily increasing, most of which were coming from East and Southeast Asia. This trend continued up until around 2018, and, understandably, rapidly declined in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and implementation of rigid border restrictions. While the pandemic undoubtedly played a major part in this downtrend, one cannot overlook the fact that enrollments and interest in studying in Japan was already losing steam. With its university rankings increasingly losing out to competitive universities in China and Singapore and its relatively low entry-level salaries amid a long-term recession, which has further been exacerbated by the weakened yen, the “Japanese dream” is arguably past its prime. While taking into account the contextual factors which influenced this trend, my study involved a critical discourse analysis of MEXT’s ambitious plan to somehow reverse this trend by bolstering further internationalization, attracting highly-skilled foreign talent and essentially saving a sinking ship. The findings from this study may give institutions in the education and employment sectors an opportunity to reassess their current support systems and programs for lucrative foreign talent.

Pelaksanaan Tanggung Jawab Nakhoda Kapal atas Kerusakan Kapal dalam Pengangkutan Penumpang Antar Wilayah Kabupaten Natuna di Pelabuhan Rakyat Midai

Purpose: There is a problem that occurred in Natuna Regency where a ship experienced engine damage, causing the ship to come to a halt in the middle of the sea and leaving passengers stranded at sea for an extended period. This situation can be hazardous and poses a risk to maritime safety. During disasters such as ship sinking, grounding, or fires, the risk to passenger safety increases. The high demand for facilities and infrastructure in passenger transportation should be a top priority. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the captain's responsibility for passenger safety to prevent any negligence on the part of the skipper. Methodology/approach: The Normative-Empirical Law research method involves understanding law in terms of norms (rules) and the application of legal rules in actual behavior resulting from the enforcement of legal norms. The captain is required to adhere to all applicable rules and regu lations to ensure the ship's navigability, safety of the vessel, passenger safety, and cargo. The skipper is not permitted to embark on a journey unless the ship is adequately equipped and prepared, as referred to in Article 343 of the Criminal Code. Results/findings: Regarding the implementation of the captain's responsibility for ship damage during passenger transportation within the Natuna Regency area, the captain pays more attention to the operational conditions of the ship to avoid issues related to ship damage. Additionally, the sub-district head of Midai is advised to be more selective in transferring responsibility to the skipper of the KM Fisabilillah 1 ship.

The sinking ship repair corporation: uncovering the untold tale

Learning outcomes At the end of the session, learners are expected to be able to evaluate the detrimental impact of stress on blue-collar workers’ well-being in Attainer Engineering Sdn Bhd; develop effective strategies to improve stressful conditions experienced by blue-collar workers in Attainer Engineering Sdn Bhd; analyse and select appropriate approaches that can help maintain the motivation levels of blue-collar workers in Attainer Engineering Sdn Bhd; analyse the impact of Attainer Engineering Sdn Bhd’s extensive investment in training new blue-collar workers, alongside the subsequent high turnover rate, on the decline in sales and profit; identify the critical changes that the managing director should have implemented to prioritize employee retention among blue-collar workers at Attainer Engineering Sdn Bhd; discuss the strategic implementation of mechanization, specifically in the context of automating repetitive processes, as an innovative solution to address the challenges faced by the ship repair and maintenance service industry heavily reliant on blue-collar workers in emerging markets; cultivate thoughtful debates on ways to keep blue-collar workers in the shipping repair and maintenance industry, as well as active learner participation and group interaction; develop learners’ analytical and critical thinking skills by guiding them through the analysis of a real-world case study in the shipping repair and maintenance industry, concentrating on the difficulties and potential solutions for blue-collar worker retention; and equip learners with practical knowledge and insights on implementing effective human resources strategies for retaining blue-collar workers in the shipping repair and maintenance industry, emphasizing the conversion of theoretical concepts into workable solutions. Case overview/synopsis This teaching case study centres on Attainer Engineering Sdn Bhd, a Malaysian conglomerate that bestows ship repair and maintenance services. Regrettably, the corporation has been subjected to a decrease in profitability and productivity owing to its high turnover rate of blue-collar workers. The ship repair and maintenance service industry is accountable for delivering comprehensive repair and maintenance services to ships, including their engines, hulls, machinery and other related components. The fundamental aim of this case study is to ascertain the rudimentary factors that contribute to this issue and foster effective strategies to enhance the motivation and retention rate of blue-collar workers in the ship repair and maintenance service corporation, using appropriate management theories, models and concepts. The case study brings to light the importance of discovering the most suitable approaches to retain blue-collar workers in the corporation to improve its profitability and productivity in a highly competitive market. This teaching case study will be beneficial for students and practitioners who want to grasp the disputes associated with retaining blue-collar workers in the ship repair and maintenance service industry and learn how to apply management theories, models and concepts to address these disputes effectively. Complexity academic level This case discussion would be highly suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate university students who are pursuing their studies in management or related fields and are eager to delve into the nuances of the ship repair and maintenance service industry. Furthermore, trainers from both private and public agencies who are keen on gaining a deeper understanding of the issues pertaining to retaining blue-collar workers in this particular industry and devising result-oriented strategies to tackle these concerns would also find this case discussion immensely helpful. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 6: Human resource management.

Experimental Study on Ship Squat in Intermediate Channel

<div>The sinking and trimming of the hull in the channel would directly affect the handling and navigation safety of the ship. In view of the ship sinking, a series of empirical formulas to estimate the subsidence have been put forward for vessel in spacious shallow water areas. However, most of the equations are based on seagoing vessels. They are not suitable for inland ships with small scales, shallow drafts, and narrow navigation width. Till now, research on ship squat in intermediate channel has not yielded more practical results. Here, a generalized physical model is used to study the sinking of 500t class ships in restricted intermediate channel under different channel widths, water depths, and speeds. The main factors affecting the squat are analyzed, the empirical relation is compared with the measured squat. The <i>Barrass</i> equation is modified, and the calculation relation of the settlement suitable for inland river ships is proposed. The correlation coefficient <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of the modified equation is 0.818, the standard error is 0.046, and the maximum error is 0.14 m, which can be used as a reference for inland waterway design research.</div>

Save a sinking ship: district-led school network governance to transform turnaround schools in Shanghai, China

PurposeThis paper explores a district government's role in using school networks to transform turnaround schools in rural Shanghai, China.Design/methodology/approachQualitative case studies were conducted.FindingsFindings showed that the C District government varied its power in initiating school networks; collaborative networks were developed but addressed local problems in a limited manner and collaborative networks had difficulties innovating to solve novel problems.Originality/valueThis article presents an “external-internal context” framework for understanding local government's role in school networks and turnaround school transformation in China.

Ballast Pump Performance Optimization Strategy for Smooth Ship Operations in MV. DK 03

Suppose the operation of the ballast pump is not optimal. In that case, it will disrupt the ship's stability and be very detrimental to many parties, such as endangering the ship and crew, resulting in fatal losses, namely the ship's sinking. The research method used is qualitative to analyze strategies for optimizing ballast pump performance for smooth ship operations on MV.DK 03. Researchers used the SWOT method. Research objectives: a) to analyze ballast pump maintenance in ship operations, b) to analyze the impact of non-optimal ballast pumps. The results of the research concluded that the factors causing the non-optimal performance of the ballast pump were problems with damaged seals, lack of experience, and crew understanding of correct operating procedures. Disturbances in ship stability can result in unstable ships and delayed loading and unloading.

Figurative Conceptualizations of Nations, Countries, and Institutions in Newspaper Articles on Migration

The paper discusses figurative conceptualizations of nations, countries, and institutions as either a container, a person, a sinking ship, a fabric, or hell in media discourse on the European migrant crisis. Applying Steen et al.’s (2010) three-dimensional model of metaphor analysis, we analyze a specific set of metaphorical linguistic expressions, which are inextricably related in the segments of the real discourse on migration, to discuss their rhetorical power and communicative function. The aim of this paper is to describe and identify cases when these are used as perspective-changing devices to influence readers’ opinion on an important issue such as migration.

Fast evaluation method of post-impact performance of bridges based on dynamic load test data using Gaussian process regression

Bridges occasionally suffer from the vehicle or ship collision accidents, leading to structural damage and bridge collapse, resulting in severe consequences such as casualties, ship sinking, and vehicle damage. After such accidents, the performance evaluation of bridge structures is significant for bridge maintenance. The bridge's structural performance should be assessed after a collision with a vehicle or ship before regular traffic is resumed. A gray correlation analysis technique was introduced for the swift and efficient assessment of bridge structural performance following impacts. This method aimed to identify the influential parameters associated with bridge structural performance. Utilizing outcomes from dynamic load tests along with the Gaussian process regression model, adjustments were made to the original finite element analysis model. This refinement facilitated precise scrutiny of structural damage and expedited accurate performance evaluations of the bridge. Subsequently, a practical examination was carried out following a ship collision with the Wanjiang Bridge to validate the viability and precision of the proposed approach. A comparison between performance evaluation outcomes derived from the bridge's structural response to ship collision and actual field test results demonstrated the substantial accuracy and computational efficacy of the suggested technique. The proposed method uses a dynamic load test combined with an intelligent algorithm to replace the static load test, effectively solving the expensive, time-consuming, traffic-impeding static load test problem.