Single Wrap Research Articles

How the bundengan string material affects its musical sound

Bundengan is a traditional musical instrument from Wonosobo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Bundengan consists of several main components, namely the kowangan resonator, a set of loaded strings, and a set of bamboo bars. Bundengan can imitate the sound of the percussive elements in gamelan lengger Wonosobo, such as gong, kempul, kenong and kethuk. This research aims to analyze the impact of the choice of bundengan string material on the frequency spectrum and temporal dynamics of the sound produced by the bundengan. Quantitative data is obtained by measuring the acoustical signal produced by each bundle string that is tested. Our data indicates that the natural gut badminton string is the most suitable string for the sound of gong, kempul and kethuk, with errors of 1.87 cents, 23.88 cents, and 0.88 cents, for the sound of gong, kempul, and kethuk, respectively. Meanwhile, the solid core badminton string with single wrap is the most suitable string for kenong, with an error of 3.29 cents. The data also shows that the natural string gut has the most suitable damping factor to produce the sound of the gong, with a damping factor of 0.036.

Covid-19: Pandemi Sürecinde Sosyal Bilgiler Eğitiminin Uzaktan Eğitim Faaliyetleri ile Verilmesine Yönelik Öğrenci Görüşleri

Covid-19 Pandemi döneminde Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün 08.02.2021 verilerine göre dünya üzerinde 105 milyondan fazla kişiye virüs bulaşmış ve iki milyondan fazla insanın ölümüne sebep olmuştur. Pandemi eğitim öğretimin okulda yürütülmesini engel olmuş ve dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de eğitim, uzaktan eğitim faaliyetleri şeklinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu süreçte eğitimin kalitesini arttırmak, uygulanan uzaktan eğitim faaliyetlerinin verimliğini arttırmak için uzaktan eğitimin olumlu yönleri ve sınırlılıklarını gerçekçi bir biçimde ortaya koymak gerekmektedir. Bunu yapabilmek içi öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitime yönelik görüşleri önem taşımaktadır. Buradan hareketle çalışmanın amacı uzaktan eğitim sürecinde Sosyal bilgiler dersine yönelik öğrenci görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir.
 Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemi ile yürütülmüştür. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden görüngübilim (fenomenoloji) deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu Kırşehir ilinde bir devlet okulunda okuyan 37 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma grubu ölçüt örneklem yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışma grubunda 5. Sınıftan 12, 6. Sınıftan 11, 7. Sınıftan 14 öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 37 öğrenci bulunmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Görüşme formu 5 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Veriler araştırmacı tarafından öğrencilerden on-line görüşme programları kullanarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizinden faydalanılmıştır. 
 Çalışma sonucunda Pandemide Sosyal Bilgiler dersinde uzaktan eğitimle başarılı olamayacağını düşünenlerin sayısının başarılı olacağını düşünenlerden daha fazla olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Başarılı olamayacağını düşünme sebeplerinin yoğunlukla uzaktan eğitimin yüz yüze eğitim kadar faydalı olmadığını düşünmeleri ve uzaktan eğitimle sosyal bilgiler dersini anlamakta zorlanmaları olduğu bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitimle sosyal bilgiler dersini anlamakta zorlandıklarında dersin içeriği ve uzaktan eğitimde yaşanan teknik sorunlar ve sınıf ortamının olmayışının etkili olduğu buna rağmen öğretmenlerinin etkisi ile uzaktan eğitimle sosyal bilgiler dersini sevdikleri belirlenmiştir. Uzaktan eğitimle sosyal bilgiler dersinin verimli geçmesi için öğrencilerin çoğunluğunun tavsiyelerinin; Derslerde farklı bölümlerin olması (oyun, sohbet, ödev kontrol vb.), derslerdeki etkinliklerin çeşitlendirilmesi (oyun, yarışma vb.), içerisinde dersle ilgili etkinlik, oyun, yarışmaların bulunduğu elektronik kitap oluşturulması, ders saatinin artması, bağlantıda yaşanan teknik sorunların çözülmesi şeklinde olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

Experimental Study on Strengthening of Concrete Cylinders Using GFRP Sheets with Boron Carbide-Epoxy Composite

Usage of composite materials as a concrete strengthening agent had increased evidently in recent years. One of those materials is the Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) which is used in various fields for strengthening and retrofitting of concrete structures. Various studies have shown that, the wrapping of concrete specimens with Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) resulted in increase in the Compressive Strength as well as the ductility of the concrete members. The main Objective of this project is to enhance the axial compressive strength of concrete block wrapped by Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer sheets tested with various compositions of Boron Carbide (B4C) mixed with epoxy resin to find out the increase in the compressive strength. Cylindrical Concrete specimen of standard size 150mm diameter and 300mm height were casted of M30 Grade Concrete. Totally 6 batches were casted which consists of 18 specimens composing of different compositions of Boron Carbide varying 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 6.0% of boron carbide (B4C) were added and mixed with epoxy resin. Finally, Glass fibre Reinforced Polymer is wrapped around the Concrete specimen with a single wrap and the results obtained from Compressive strength of the specimens were studied.

Finite-N corrections to the M-brane indices

We investigate finite-N corrections to the superconformal indices of the theories realized on M2- and M5-branes. For three-dimensional theories realized on a stack of N M2-branes we calculate the finite-N corrections as the contribution of extended M5-branes in the dual geometry AdS4×S7. We take only M5-brane configurations with a single wrapping into account, and neglect multiple-wrapping configurations. We compare the results with the indices calculated from the ABJM theory, and find agreement up to expected errors due to the multiple wrapping. For six-dimensional theories on N M5-branes we calculate the indices by analyzing extended M2-branes in AdS7×S4. Again, we include only configurations with single wrapping. We first compare the result for N = 1 with the index of the free tensor multiplet to estimate the order of the error due to multiple wrapping. We calculate first few terms of the index of AN−1 theories explicitly, and confirm that they can be expanded by superconformal representations. We also discuss multiple-wrapping contributions to the six-dimensional Schur-like index.

Computational Flow Field Analysis around a Single Wrap-around Fin

A flow field aerodynamic analysis using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of a single wrap around fin is performed at 0° angle of attack and its flow visualizations are presented in this paper for a subsonic to supersonic Mach range. A comparative study is performed by utilizing two WAF geometries aligned in opposite directions and with different edges (Sharpened and Blunt). The aerodynamic characterization has been conducted using a realizable κ-ϵ turbulence model utilizing a high-quality mesh to understand the nuances of the flow around the curved fin structure. The quantities of interest are the computed aerodynamic coefficients which have been validated with their precursors. By investigating the contours of the pressure coefficient and the relative Mach number, the flow phenomenon in the vicinity of the curved fin can be understood in a finer way.

The simulation of single wraparound fin on a semi-cylindrical missile body

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish a freestream computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a three-dimensional non-spinning semi-cylindrical missile model with a single wrap around fin in Mach 2.70-3.00M range and 0° angle of attack, and ultimately establishing itself for future research study.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the behaviour of flow around the fin was investigated using a κ-ϵ turbulence model of second-order of discretization. This was done using a highly structured mesh. Additionally, an inviscid CFD simulation involving the same boundary conditions have also been carried out for comparison.FindingsThe obtained values of aerodynamic coefficients and pressure contours visualizations are compared against their experimental and computational counterparts. A typical missile aerodynamic characteristic trend can be seen in the current CFD.Practical implicationsThe predicted values of the aerodynamic coefficients of this single fin model have also been compared to those of the full missile body comprising of four fins from the previous research studies, and a similar aerodynamic trend can be seen.Originality/valueThis study explores the possibility of the use of turbulence modelling in a single fin model of a missile and provides a basic computational model for further understanding the flow behaviour near the fin.

Reconfigurable Communication Wrapper for QOS Demand for Network On Chip

Efficient communication wrapper design is one of the important research issues in network on chip. A single wrapper with fixed design parameter will not be efficient one for the heterogeneous environmental network on chip scenario. The system on chip has many different computing and communication blocks with different data rate and data format. To interconnect such a heteronymous block a standard-based wrapper framework such as OCI wrapper are proposed. But such standard wrapper does not support the QoS demand of the every block. So this work proposes a framework of reconfigurable communication wrapper design with support of QoS. The proposed framework is simulated in LABVIEW software and tested on National Instruments FlexRIO 7845R FPGA hardware. The result shows that on the fly re-configurability is achievable with the framework.

Eternalising Cultural Memory Through Cultural Parallels in Literary Narratives

Cultural memory represents the collective perceptions and creations of the distant past. Such collective memories are best documented and secured in Literature. What matters is not the real facts but rather the consensus of conventions shared by both the cultural history and the literary creator. However, literary narratives do not always give a compilation of such memories under a single wrap. It is on this distinctive point that Jakkana stands out in eternalising cultural memory. BasavarajNaikar’s novella, Jakkanna is the retelling of the life and history of the AmarsilpiJakkannacharya, the famed architect of the Hoysala dynasty. The plot is replete with events that have been happening from the ancient times. Parallels of such incidents that have endured to the modern times can be drawn from the two great epics and other ancient Indian philosophy and literatures. This article aims at highlighting such aspects of our lives that seems to have been greatly influenced by the past. It also looks at such events that have endured eras.

Abstract P1-15-18: Evaluation of separation techniques and dosimetry of the inframammary fold during whole breast radiation therapy

Abstract Purpose/Objectives: The majority of patients receiving radiation therapy will experience some form of skin reaction, ranging from localized erythema to moist desquamation. Radiation dermatitis of the inframammary fold (IMF), the most common acute side effect of supine whole breast radiation therapy (WBRT), can be mitigated by separating the breast from the chest wall. The purpose of this analysis was an objective evaluation and comparison of practical and inexpensive separation techniques. Materials/Methods: A breast phantom was created on a human torso phantom using tissue-equivalent bolus material. Four separation techniques were evaluated: 1) taping the inferior aspect of the breast to the shoulder or placing 2) 6" x 2" rolled bubble wrap, 3) a 6" x 1" x 1" styrofoam block, or a 4) 50 mL 2" diameter plastic conical tube in the IMF. For the control setup, the breast was not taped and nothing was placed in the IMF. Written and pictorial simulation instructions recorded by one radiation therapist were independently used by additional therapists to reproduce each setup, with medial and inferior measurements taken for comparison. Dosimetry of identical tangent 100 cGy WBRT fields was evaluated with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) placed at each of four locations: the ipsilateral IMF, the ipsilateral chest wall 5 cm inferior to the IMF, and 5 cm superior to the nipple of both the ipsilateral and contralateral breasts at the 12:00 position. Measurements and TLD data are reported as mean ± standard error of the mean of 3 separate TLD readings. One-way ANOVA and posthoc analyses were used to determine significance between groups with α for significance set at p ≤0.05. Results: Compared to simulation, the average differences measured medially and inferiorly among the conical tube (10 ± 6 mm medial; 0.6 ± 0.2 mm inferior), styrofoam block (13 ± 8 mm medial; 1.2 ± 0.2 mm inferior), and bubble wrap (18 ± 4 mm medial; 0.6 ± 0.1 mm inferior) setups were not significant. The taping technique (0.2 ± 0.1 mm) was more reproducible inferiorly than the styrofoam block setup (p <0.01), but no different from the conical tube and bubble wrap setups. TLD readings demonstrated that the IMF received less of the prescribed dose with the taping (108 cGy ± 1.4%), styrofoam block (109 cGy ± 0.9%), or bubble wrap (110 cGy ± 0.9%) techniques compared to either the control (120 cGy ± 1.1%) or conical tube (121 cGy ± 0.4%) setups (each p <0.01). TLD readings from the three other locations were not significantly different between any of the setups. Conclusions: The taping, styrofoam block, and bubble wrap setups were most effective in sparing dose to the IMF. The only difference in reproducibility was between the inferior aspects of the taping and styrofoam block setups, but taping had the disadvantage of being more invasive than the other setups. While this unique analysis did not reveal a single superior solution, the taping, styrofoam block, and bubble wrap separation techniques should be considered by radiation oncologists seeking practical, inexpensive, and easily-implemented solutions to mitigate IMF dermatitis in WBRT patients. Citation Format: Guy Jones, Peter Guion, Jason Cheng, Aparna H Kesarwala. Evaluation of separation techniques and dosimetry of the inframammary fold during whole breast radiation therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-15-18.

STRENGTHENING OF PLAIN CONCRETE MEMBERS USING FRP TECHNOLOGY

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) is a composite material made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibers.FRP materials posses’ superior mechanical properties like ability to carry loads, impact resistance, strength and stiffness. E-glass and carbon fiber FRP were selected for the present investigation. About 21nos. of plain concrete column specimens, 6 nos. of plain concrete beam specimens along with 4 concrete cubes were tested. M 20 grade of concrete was used to cast the above specimens. Single wrapping and double wrapping were the parameters for column specimens and wrapping in flexural zone only and wrapping in flexural zone and U clamp were the parameters for the beam specimens. The columns were tested for their compressive strength while the beams were tested for their flexural strengths under two point loading systems. The present investigation is to compare the enhancement of strength of plain columns and beams with E-glass and Carbon fibers.

腹腔鏡下に作成する結紮の工夫：slip knot 内無双

To enhance one's skills in laparoscopic surgery, it is essential to learn and master the technique for tying laparoscopic knots. A knot that is made laparoscopically tends to loosen, and the loosened knot is known as an air knot. Once an air knot is formed, it is difficult to untie and then to re-tie it appropriately. The slip knot is an alternative and useful knot to prevent the formation of air knots. We present a newly developed knot tying technique, termed as the Uchimuso slip knot technique. The Uchimuso slip knot technique consists of two throws. The formation of the first single wrap throw is similar to that of the conventional instrument tie technique. The second throw is crucial to forming the new slip knot. This second single wrap throw is formed via a sequential movement by simulating a winning technique in sumo wrestling, known as Uchimuso. The Uchimuso slip knot is easy to learn and master, particularly in the case of laparoscopic intracorporeal knot tying.

On the genealogy of the Orphan Stream

We use N-body simulations to explore the origin and a plausible orbit for the Orphan Stream, one of the faintest substructures discovered so far in the outer halo of our Galaxy. We are able to reproduce its position, velocity and distance measurements by appealing to a single wrap of a double-component satellite galaxy. We find that the progenitor of the Orphan Stream could have been an object similar to today's Milky Way dwarfs, such as Carina, Draco, Leo II or Sculptor; and unlikely to be connected to Complex A or Ursa Major II. Our models suggest that such progenitors, if accreted on orbits with apocenters smaller than ~35 kpc, are likely to give rise to very low surface brightness streams, which may be hiding in the outer halo and remain largely undetected with current techniques. The systematic discovery of these ghostly substructures may well require wide field spectroscopic surveys of the Milky Way's outer stellar halo.

Ultrasonic scalpel use; effects of comorbidity; single wrap for sterile instrument packs; radiofrequency instruments

Ultrasonic scalpel use; effects of comorbidity; single wrap for sterile instrument packs; radiofrequency instruments

Barrier properties and cost implications of a single versus a double wrap for storing sterile instrument packs

Materials for wrapping sterile items continue to evolve, but evaluation of such products under clinical conditions is rare. The purpose of the current study was to test a new product before introducing it to the hospital's sterilizing processing unit. Four hundred packs containing 1199 items were prepared. Half were wrapped in linen and Kimguard sterile wrap (Kimberley-Clark Australia Pty, Ltd; Queensland, Australia), and half were wrapped in Kimguard One-Step sterile wrap (Kimberley-Clark). They were stored on shelves in 4 areas in the hospital. Items from the packs were periodically tested in the laboratory to evaluate shelf life. Time of wrapping was measured on a series of 50 packs (25 using each product), wrapped by 1 experienced person. These were unwrapped by an operating room nurse, and, again, the process was timed. Bacteria were cultured from 20 (1.7%) of the 1157 test items. There were no differences on this measure between the 2 products (P = .64). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most frequent isolate, accounting for 40% of the positive results. The average time taken to wrap the test tray with the double wrap was 56.4 seconds compared with 32.4 seconds with the single wrap (P < or = .000). Unwrapping the single pack (5.02 seconds) was also faster than unwrapping the double-wrap pack (6.92 seconds; P = .000). Wrapping sterile items using Kimguard one-step sterile wrap carries no greater risk of bacterial contamination than double-wrap methods and may lead to significant cost savings in both labor (time to wrap) and consumables (linen and recycling costs).